1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 2000-535:2005 BS EN 14769:2005 Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Bitumen and bituminous binders Accelerated long-term ageing conditioning by a Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV) (Identical with IP 535:2005) The European Standard EN 14769:2005 has the status of a British S
2、tandard ICS 75.140; 91.100.50 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 14769:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 10 January 2006 BSI 10 January 2006 ISBN 0 580 46852 6 Nationa
3、l foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14769:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee c
4、an be obtained on request to its secretary. Energy Institute, under the brand of IP publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in its natural publication Standard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related product
5、s and British Standard 2000 parts and individually. Further information is available from: Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR. Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in t
6、his document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c
7、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposal
8、s for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in
9、 this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14769 October2005 ICS75.140;91.100.50 EnglishVe
10、rsion BitumenandbituminousbindersAcceleratedlongtermageing conditioningbyaPressureAgeingVessel(PAV) BitumesetliantsbitumineuxVieillissementlongterme acclrralisdansunrcipientdevieillissementsous pression(PAV) BitumenundbitumenhaltigeBindemittelBeschleunigte LangzeitAlterungmiteinemDruckalterungsbehlt
11、er(PAV) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon26August2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational stand
12、ardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heoff
13、icial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom
14、. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14769:2005:E Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:
15、29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14769:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.5 5 Apparatus 5 6 Procedure 7 7 Precision8 8 Report 9 Bibliography.11 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrol
16、led Copy, (c) BSIEN 14769:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14769:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous binders”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
17、an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
18、 Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wa
19、ng Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14769:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies an accelerated ageing/conditioning procedure for bituminous binders. The procedure involves ageing trays of binder at elevated temperatures under pressurised conditions in
20、 a pressure ageing vessel (PAV). NOTE For binders to be used in hot asphalt applications the pre-conditioning of the sample would typically be by one of the methods in EN 12607. For binders to be used in bituminous emulsion and cut-back or fluxed applications the stabilising of the sample should be
21、such that there are no volatiles remaining. WARNING The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a high pressure ageing vessel. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the res
22、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. If there is the likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure shall not be used. 2 Normative references
23、The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12607-1, Bitumen and bituminous binders Determ
24、ination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air Part 1: RTFOT method. EN 12607-2:1999, Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air Part 2: TFOT method. EN 12607-3, Bitumen and bituminous binders Determinat
25、ion of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air Part 3: RFT method. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 short-term ageing/conditioning conditioning that the binder goes through during the method des
26、cribed in EN 12607 (parts 1, 2 & 3) 3.2 stabilisation conditioning of the binders from bituminous emulsions, cutbacks or fluxed bitumens to produce residual binders for further determination of their characteristics, eg the procedure described in prEN 14895 3.3 long-term ageing ageing that the binde
27、r goes through during its service life Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14769:2005 (E) 5 3.4 accelerated long-term ageing conditioning simulated long-term ageing that the binder goes through during the accelerated pressure ageing procedure. In t
28、he case of hot mix asphalt binders the long-term ageing is carried out on binders that have already been conditioned through short-term ageing/conditioning. In the case of bituminous emulsion and cut-back, the long term ageing is carried out on binders after a stabilisation procedure. 4 Principle A
29、static film of binder is heated to a specified temperature, under a specified air pressure for a given period of time. This is to simulate the changes occurring to the binder within the pavement during use. The effects of this ageing procedure are evaluated on the residual binder after the test. NOT
30、E The ageing of binders during service is affected by ambient temperature and air pressure as well as by mixture associated variables such as volumetric mixture proportions, mixture permeability, aggregate properties and other factors. This test is intended to provide an evaluation of the relative a
31、geing behaviour of binders under specified conditions, but cannot account entirely for bituminous application variables or provide relative resistance to ageing at in-service conditions. 5 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following: 5.1 Pressure/temperature vesse
32、l designed to operate at 2,1 MPa 0,1 MPa between 80 C and 115 C. Either 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 or 5.1.3 applies (see Figure 1). 5.1.1 Pressure vessel, which shall be made from stainless steel and shall have internal dimensions adequate to contain a pan holder capable of holding a number of containers (as p
33、er requirements and dimensions given in EN 12607-2). The bottom of the pressure vessel shall be such that the containers are held in a horizontal position with the binder film thickness evenly distributed across the diameter of the container. A schematic showing a possible configuration of the vesse
34、l pan holder and containers and specifying dimensional requirements is shown in Figure 2. NOTE 1 Most pan holder assemblies hold up to 10 containers. NOTE 2 Other pressure vessels of different internal dimensions may be used provided that the operating conditions can be satisfied. In such cases the
35、containers used may differ from the standard dimensions given in EN 12607-2. 5.1.2 Forced-draft oven, to be used with 5.1.1, capable of: a) bringing the loaded pressurised vessel to the desired conditioning temperature 0,5 C, as recorded by a suitable thermometer inside the vessel, within two hours
36、after loading the pressure vessel into the oven, b) maintaining the temperature at all points within the vessel at the ageing temperature 0,5 C. The oven shall have sufficiently large interior dimensions to allow forced air to freely circulate within the oven and around the pressure vessel. The oven
37、 shall contain a stand or a shelf, which supports the loaded pressure vessel in a level position above the lower surface of the oven. 5.1.3 Pressure vessel, having the same dimensions described in 5.2.1, with an integral temperature control system that is capable of: a) bringing the loaded pressure
38、vessel to the desired conditioning temperature 0,5 C, as recorded by the thermometer inside the vessel, within two hours, Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14769:2005 (E) 6 b) maintaining the temperature at all points within the vessel at the age
39、ing temperature 0,5 C. The vessel may be a separate unit to be placed in a forced draft oven or an integral part of a temperature control system. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The pressure ageing vessel operates at high temperatures and high pressures. All safety guidelines issued by equipment manufacturers mu
40、st be adhered to. 5.2 Pressure controlling devices 5.2.1 Pressure release valve, which prevents pressure in the vessel from exceeding 2,5 MPa during the ageing procedure. 5.2.2 Pressure regulator, capable of controlling the pressure within the vessel to 0,1 MPa and with a capacity sufficient to redu
41、ce the pressure from the source of compressed air so that the pressure within the vessel is maintained at the operating pressure of 2,1 MPa 0,1 MPa. 5.2.3 Slow release bleed valve, which allows the pressure in the vessel at the completion of the test to be reduced from 2,1 MPa, the operating pressur
42、e, to atmospheric pressure within 8 min to 15 min. 5.2.4 Pressure gauge, capable of measuring the pressure within the vessel to within 0,1 MPa during the test. The pressure gauge shall be calibrated to an accuracy of 0,1 MPa at appropriate intervals. 5.3 Thermometer, accurate to 0,1 C for measuring
43、the temperature inside the pressure vessel. NOTE A resistance thermal detector (RTD) has been found to be suitable. 5.4 Temperature recording device, data acquisition system capable of recording the temperature throughout the test to 0,1 C. NOTE The current method of monitoring temperature is via a
44、computerised log of time and temperature. It is assumed the temperature recorded is that within every point within the ageing vessel. 5.5 Metal containers The standard container is defined in EN 12607-2:1999 sub clause 4.3 and has a diameter of 140 mm 1 mm. Similar containers with other diameters ca
45、n be used if their diameters are determined with the same tolerance and the amount of binder is adjusted as given in Equation (1). Weighing Weigh 50,0 0,5 g in the container (nominal diameter 140 mm ). If a container with another diameter is used weigh the amount given in Equation (1): d1 is the nor
46、mal container diameter (140 mm 1 mm), d2 is the actual container diameter (tolerance 1 mm), and M is the mass of binder at ambient temperature for the actual container. M = 50,0 (d2 d2)/(d1 d1) g 0,5 g (1) 5.6 Balance The balance shall be capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,1 g. Licensed Copy: W
47、ang Bin, na, Tue Apr 18 02:29:58 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14769:2005 (E) 7 5.7 Vacuum oven (optional) The vacuum oven shall be capable of maintaining a temperature up to 180 C with an accuracy of 5 C. The vacuum system shall be capable of maintaining pressures below 15,0 kPa ( 2,5 kPa)
48、 absolute. Alternatively, the pressure vessel itself may be used in lieu of the vacuum oven if it is capable of maintaining a temperature of 180 C and a vacuum of 15,0 kPa ( 2,5 kPa). 5.8 Commercial bottled air A sufficient supply of pressurized air should be available to carry out the test, commercially available bottled air is suitable for this. 6 Procedure SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Use laboratory safety procedures in handling the hot bituminous binders when preparing the specimens and removing the re
