1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3159-2: 1993 Woodworking saws for hand use Part 2: Specification for tenon and dovetail sawsBS3159-2:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Machine, Engineers and Hand Tools Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Sta
2、ndards Boardand comes into effect on 15April1993 BSI 09-1999 First edition December 1962 Second edition April 1993 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MTE/15 Draft for comment 90/81931 DC ISBN 0 580 21375 7 Committees responsible for this British Sta
3、ndard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Machine, Engineers and Hand Tools Standards Policy Committee (MTE/-) to Technical Committee MTE/15, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Telecommunications plc Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Federation of Brit
4、ish Hand Tool Manufacturers Handle Manufacturers Association Institute of Carpenters Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3159-2:1993 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Classification 6 5
5、 Material and manufacture 7 6 Proportions and finish 8 7 Specific requirements 9 8 Marking 9 9 Tooth edge protection 9 10 Corrosion protection 9 11 Tests 9 Annex A (normative) Test methods 10 Annex B (informative) Notes on safety and safe usage 10 Figure 1 Nomenclature of tenon and dovetail saws 3 F
6、igure 2 Tooth geometry and nomenclature 4 Figure 3 Tooth forms and sharpening 5 Figure 4 Method of cross sharpening 6 Figure 5 Typical saw screw 6 Figure 6 Quarter sawn timber 8 Figure A.1 Checking for straightness and twist 10 Table 1 Number of points per25mm 1 Table 2 Tooth geometry 7 Table 3 Blad
7、e depth out of back and blade thickness 7 Table 4 Back width and back thickness 7 List of references Inside back coverBS3159-2:1993 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS3159 has been prepared under the direction of the Machine, Engineers and Hand Tools Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS3
8、159-2:1962, which is withdrawn. In this British Standard the specific requirements are given for four classes of tenon saw, two for the use of craftsmen, one for the first grade general duty, and one for general duty in the do-it-yourself environment. One class of dovetail saw is specified. A Britis
9、h Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
10、cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3159-2:1993 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope
11、 This British Standard classifies types and specifies certain dimensional aspects of tenon and dovetail saws for cutting timber. The hardness levels and finish of the saw blades are specified and provision is made for testing the qualities of the complete saw. Four classes of tenon saw are specified
12、 and, in each class, saws from200mm to350mm in length are available. This Part of BS3159 applies to dovetail saws of200mm length. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This Part of BS3159 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references
13、are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Part of BS3159 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 2.2 Informative references This Part of BS
14、3159 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS3159, the fo
15、llowing definitions apply. 3.1 tenon saw a brass backed saw with fine pitch teeth for precision sawing, especially of tenons 3.2 dovetail saw generally a finer toothed, thin bladed version of a tenon saw, and used for cutting dovetails and other fine work 3.3 blade 3.3.1 nominal size the overall len
16、gth of the blade, including any rounding of the toe (seeFigure 1) 3.3.2 blade depth out of back the depth measured across the saw from the tips of the teeth to the bottom edge of the back (seeFigure 1) 3.4 teeth NOTEThe nominal tooth form, including gullet, rake and flank angles, is shown inFigure 2
17、. 3.4.1 pitch the number of tooth points contained in a25mm length of the toothed edge (seeTable 1 andFigure 2) Table 1 Number of points per 25 mm 3.4.2 full cross sharpening of the teeth a technique where the rake and flank faces of each outwardly set tooth are sharpened to a vanishing edge at an a
18、cute angle to the central axis of the saw (seeFigure 3 andFigure 4) NOTEIn this method a saw-sharpening file is held at an angle to the blade and every alternate tooth is filed from one side of the saw. The blade is then turned around and the remaining teeth filed at the same angle (seeFigure 4). 3.
19、4.3 half cross sharpening of the teeth a technique where the rake face of each outwardly set tooth is sharpened to a vanishing edge at an acute angle to the central axis of the saw (seeFigure 3 andFigure 4) NOTEThis method is similar to cross sharpening except that all sharpening is done from the sa
20、me side of the blade, the teeth being filed at the angle alternately from left to right. 3.4.4 straight sharpening of the teeth a technique where the cutting edge is normal, to the side face of the saw (seeFigure 3) NOTEIn this method all sharpening is done from the same side of the blade with the f
21、ile at90 to the line of the blade. 3.4.5 hardpoint a tooth which has increased hardness at the tooth tip, achieved by for example induction or impulse hardening methods 3.5 backs 3.5.1 nominal length the overall length, including any rounding at the front end (seeFigure 1) Nominal size of saw (lengt
22、h of blade) mm Tenon (Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4) Dovetail 200 15 to 20 20 250 12 to 16 300 12 to 16 350 11 to 15 BS3159-2:1993 2 BSI 09-1999 3.5.2 back width the overall width including the rounding of the top edge (seeFigure 1) 3.5.3 back thickness the thickness of a side of the back, i.e. the thicknes
23、s of the material before folding to shape (seeFigure 1) 3.6 handles 3.6.1 closed handle handle in which the hand hole is entirely enclosed 3.6.2 open handle handle in which the handle is open at the bottom of the grip 3.7 saw screw a threaded fastener designed specifically for the purpose of retaini
24、ng the handle on the saw blade. A typical design is shown inFigure 5BS 3159-2:1993 BSI 09-1999 3 Figure 1 Nomenclature of tenon and dovetail sawsBS3159-2:1993 4 BSI 09-1999 Figure 2 Tooth geometry and nomenclatureBS3159-2:1993 BSI 09-1999 5 Figure 3 Tooth forms and sharpeningBS3159-2:1993 6 BSI 09-1
25、999 4 Classification The four classes of hand saw are as follows: a) class 1, a first grade saw for the use of craftsmen; b) class 2, a good quality saw for the use of craftsmen; c) class 3, a first grade general duty saw; d) class 4, a saw for general duty in the DIY environment. NOTEThe specific r
26、equirements for each of the four classes of saw are given in clause7 andTable 1, Table 2, Table 3, andTable 4. NOTEFiling at an angle puts a bevel on the sides of the teeth, producing a sharp point on one side of each tooth. By filing as indicated by the arrows these points are on the outside. If th
27、e wrong teeth are filed the sharp points will be in the centre bevelled off to the outside. Figure 4 Method of cross sharpening Figure 5 Typical saw screwBS3159-2:1993 BSI 09-1999 7 Table 2 Tooth geometry Table 3 Blade depth out of back and blade thickness (seeFigure 1) Table 4 Minimum width and bac
28、k thickness (seeFigure 1) 5 Material and manufacture 5.1 Blades The saw blades shall be manufactured from hardened and tempered carbon or alloy steel to a uniform hardness, as follows: The variation in hardness over any one blade shall not exceed50HV (10kg) except at the tooth tips of hardpoint saws
29、. Where hardpoint teeth are specified, the depth of hardening shall not exceed75% of tooth depth (seeFigure 2). The hardness of the tooth tip shall be650/800HV (5kg) when tested in accordance with BS427:1990. NOTEAlternative methods of hardness testing may be used in conjunction with the tables for
30、comparison of hardness scales in BS860:1967. 5.2 Backs 5.2.1 Brass backs shall be made from brass conforming to BS2870:1980. 5.2.2 Steel backs shall be made from steel conforming to BS1449-1.1:1991. 5.3 Handles 5.3.1 Wooden handles shall be made from a hardwood such as beech. The timber shall be sou
31、nd, free from defects and properly seasoned within the moisture control range of5% (m/m) to12% (m/m). 5.3.2 Plastics handles shall be manufactured in a polymer material with the following minimum mechanical properties. a) When tested to BS2782-3:Method 350:1984 resistance to impact at 20 C shall be2
32、KJ/m 2 . b) When tested to BS2782-3:Method 320B:1976 tensile yield strength shall be 25 MN/m 2 . c) When tested to BS2782-3:Method 320B:1976 elastic modulus shall be4MNm 2 10 2 . Saw type Rake angle Flank angle Cross-cut angle Gullet angle Top rake angle Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Nominal Min. Ma
33、x. Universal tooth saw 10 20 40 50 0 30 60 Compound tooth saw 10 20 10 25 10 30 10 30 Dimensions are in millimetres Nominal size of saw (blade length) Tenon Dovetail Classes 1 and 2 Classes 3 and 4 Blade depth out of back Blade thickness Blade depth out of back Blade thickness Blade depth out of bac
34、k Blade thickness 200 50 to 65 0.5/0.8 50 to 65 0.6/0.8 50 to 65 0.4/0.6 250 55 to 75 0.5/0.8 55 to 75 0.6/0.8 300 70 to 90 0.6/0.8 70 to 90 0.7/0.9 350 75 to 95 0.7/0.9 75 to 95 0.7/0.9 Dimensions are in millimetres Nominal size of saw (blade length) Tenon Dovetail Class 1 Class 2 Classes 3 and 4 B
35、ack width Back thickness Back width Back thickness Back width Back thickness Back width Back thickness 200 22 2.6 22 2.6 17 2.3 22 2.6 250 22 2.6 22 2.6 17 2.3 300 25 2.9 22 2.9 17 2.3 350 25 2.9 22 2.9 17 2.3 a) Class 1 and 2 saws 460 HV to 580 HV (10 kg) b) Class 3 and 4 saws 440 HV to 540 HV (10
36、kg)BS3159-2:1993 8 BSI 09-1999 The handle shall not exhibit brittle fracture in the temperature range 20 C to40 C tested to BS2782-3:Method 350:1984. 5.4 Teeth 5.4.1 The number of teeth/points per25mm shall be as given inTable 1 (see alsoFigure 2). The teeth shall be evenly formed with tooth angles
37、as shown inFigure 2. 5.4.2 The teeth shall be set equally on each side of the blade. Approximately two-thirds of each tooth measured from the point shall be set, and the method of setting shall be such that the remainder of the blade shall not be deformed. The amount of set on each side of the blade
38、 shall be equal, and shall be not less than one-quarter and not more than one-half of the thickness of the blade (seeFigure 2). 5.4.3 Tooth geometry shall be in accordance withTable 2. 6 Proportions and finish 6.1 General Tenon and dovetail saws shall comply with the following general requirements a
39、nd with the specific requirements under each appropriate class (i.e. clause7 andTable 1, Table 2, Table 3 andTable 4). Saws shall be well finished and free from burrs. 6.2 Blade depth out of back and blade thickness (seeFigure 1) Blade depth out of back and blade thickness shall be as given inTable
40、3. 6.3 Back width and back thickness Back width and back thickness shall be as given inTable 4. 6.4 General requirements 6.4.1 Blade The surface of the blade shall have no hammer marks or other imperfections and shall be polished. 6.4.2 Backs 6.4.2.1 The nominal length of the back shall be such that
41、 it is securely located in the handle, and supports the blade over its full length. 6.4.2.2 Backs shall be symmetrically folded (see6.7.2) and properly closed so as to grip the blade securely along its whole length. 6.4.2.3 Brass backs shall be polished and steel backs shall be polished over the ent
42、ire exposed surface of each back. 6.4.3 Handles 6.4.3.1 The handles shall be of the open or closed type as specified in7.1, 7.2, 7.3 or7.4, as appropriate. 6.4.3.2 The thickness of the handles shall be not less than22mm. 6.4.3.3 The length of the hand hole or, in the case of an open handle, the hand
43、 grip shall be not less than75mm. 6.5 Wooden handles 6.5.1 The handles shall be positively secured to the blade by means of rivets or screws as specified in the definition of the class of saw concerned. 6.5.2 The handles shall be centrally slit and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is
44、necessary to secure the blade positively. 6.5.3 The handles shall be smoothly finished and, where specified, shall be polished all over. NOTE 1It is recommended that quarter sawn timber be used for the handles of class1 saws. This is defined in BS6100-4.1 as “Timber converted so that the growth ring
45、s meet the face at an angle of not less than45 ”. Quarter sawn-timber is illustrated inFigure 6. NOTE 2For the purposes of this Part of the standard, a handle is described as “polished” when it has been coated with a polish or lacquer. The coating may be applied by hand, dipping or spraying. 6.6 Pla
46、stics handles 6.6.1 Plastics handles may be riveted, screwed or moulded on and they shall be positively secured to the blade. 6.6.2 Where plastics handles are secured by means of rivets or screws, the handle shall be centrally slit and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to
47、receive the blade. 6.6.3 Where plastics handles are insert moulded, the plastics material shall flow and weld through keying holes in the blade. 6.6.4 The handles shall be finished free from moulding defects which may be injurious to the user. Figure 6 Quarter sawn timberBS3159-2:1993 BSI 09-1999 9
48、6.7 Assembly 6.7.1 The depth of the blade covered by the back after assembly (seeFigure 4) shall be as follows: 6.7.2 After assembly the back and blade shall be straight, free from twist and the back shall be symmetrical about the blade and in alignment with the slot in the handle. 7 Specific requir
49、ements 7.1 Class 1 1) 7.1.1 Dovetail saws Dovetail saws shall be brass-backed, sharpened, with open or closed wooden handle, and secured by two or three screws and polished. NOTEAll dovetail saws are class 1. 7.1.2 Tenon saws Tenon saws of class1 shall be brass-backed, sharpened, with polished wooden handle open or closed for the200mm saw, closed for250mm and greater saws, and secured by three screws. 7.2 Class 2 2) Tenon saws of class2 shall be brass- or steel-backed, sharpened,
