1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3198:1981 (Reprinted, incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2) Specification for Copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes UDC 696.46:683.97BS3198:1981 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Building ServicesStandards Committee,w
2、as published underthe authorityof the BoardofBSI andcomes intoeffecton 31December1981 BSI 07-1999 First published January 1960 First revision December 1981 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SEB/9 Draft for comment 79/12583 DC ISBN 0 580 12317 0 Coo
3、perating organizations The Building Services Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following: Aluminium Federation Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Association of District Councils Scheme Bath Manufacturers Co-ordin
4、ating Committee Environmental Health Officers Association British Gas Corporation* Greater London Council British Ironfounders Association Heating and Ventilating Contractors British Plastics Federation Association* British Plumbing Employers Council Incorporated Association of Architects and Britis
5、h Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Surveyors Builders Merchants Federation Institute of Plumbing* Building Services Research and Information Institution of Gas Engineers Association Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists Chartered Institution of Building Services* National Brassfoundry Associ
6、ation Clay Pipe Development Association Limited National Coal Board Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of National Federation of Building Trades BSI Employers Convention of Scottish Local Authorities National Water Council* Council of British Ceramic Sanitaryware Royal Institute of British Archit
7、ects* Manufacturers Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Department of Health and Social Security Royal Society of Health Department of the Environment (PSA)* Scottish Development Department Department of the Environment (Building Trades Union Congress Research Establishment)* Water Companies As
8、sociation Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction) Department of the Environment (Water Engineering Division including Water Data Unit) The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Technical Committee entru
9、sted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Institute of Building Electrical Appliances London Boroughs Association British Non-ferrous Metals Federation Manufacturers Association of Radiators and Copper Cylinder and Boiler Manufacturers Convectors Lt
10、d. Copper Development Association Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Copper Tube Fitting Manufacturers Solid Fuel Advisory Service Association Thames Water Authority Metropolitan Water Electricity, Supply Industry in England and Division Wales Zinc Development Association Galvanizers Assoc
11、iation Individual expert Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 4372 July 1984 6599 September 1990 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS3198:1981 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions
12、 1 4 Designation of copper combination units for ordering purposes 2 5 Materials 2 6 Primary heaters 3 7 Manufacture 3 8 Hand holes 5 9 Screwed bosses for draining taps 5 10 Screwed connections for pipes 5 11 Fixing provision for immersion heaters 5 12 Fixing provision for a gas circulator 6 13 Perf
13、ormance requirements 6 14 Marking 6 Appendix A Pressure tests 8 Appendix B Performance tests for direct combination units 8 Appendix C Performance tests for double feed indirect combination units 8 Appendix D Performance tests for single feed indirect combination units 10 Appendix E Heat loss test 1
14、0 Appendix F Information to be supplied by the purchaser with an enquiry or order 13 Figure 1 Layout of testing apparatus for direct and double feed indirect combination units 9 Figure 2 Layout of testing apparatus for single feed indirect combination units 12 Figure 3 Apparatus for heat loss test 1
15、3 Table 1 Minimum nominal thickness of copper sheet before forming 2 Table 2 Minimum area of heating surface of primary heater 3 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS3198:1981 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Building Services Standard
16、s Committee. It has been revised in terms of metric units and now provides details of the essential requirements for hot water storage units, in capacities between65 litres and180 litres, of a type which incorporates a cold water feed cistern. These appliances, known as “combination units”, are desi
17、gned for use with water heating appliances which are connected by pipework, but provision can also be made to use either an electric immersion heater or gas circulator fitted to the unit itself either as an auxiliary or as the sole method of heating. An “indirect” type of combination unit is intende
18、d for service where it is essential that the circulating water is kept separate from the domestic hot water. There is provision for both single feed and double feed indirect types. Single feed indirect units should not be used in sealed systems and they have limited application on direct pump circul
19、ation. There has been general rationalization to align the standard with BS699 and BS1566-1 and BS1566-2, which include a specification for area of heating surfaces of primary heaters and revised performance tests. Appendix F gives a list of information that should be supplied by the purchaser with
20、an enquiry or order. The drafting committee is considering the question of the requirement in clause5 of measuring thickness of copper sheet before forming, and it is the intention to deal with this matter in the revision of BS699 and BS1566-1 and BS1566-2. When this matter is resolved, it is intend
21、ed to issue an amendment to this standard. The requirements specified in this standard are those considered to be necessary to ensure good performance and reliability of the appliance whilst leaving the manufacturers free to develop actual design, and for this reason, careful consideration has been
22、given to the inclusion of requirements for materials, construction and performance tests rather than to dimensions, which have been omitted as far as possible. The inclusion of integral plastics cold feed cisterns was considered but it was decided to omit reference to these. This matter will be kept
23、 under review. The following is a list of standards covering water storage vessels, mainly for domestic use, to which others may be added when considered necessary. BS 417, Galvanized mild steel cisterns and covers, tanks and cylinders. BS 417-1, Imperial units. BS 417-2, Metric units. BS 699, Coppe
24、r cylinders for domestic purposes. BS 1565, Galvanized mild steel indirect cylinders, annular or saddle-back type. BS 1565-1, Imperial units. BS 1565-2, Metric units. BS 1566, Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes. BS 1566-1, Double feed indirect cylinders. BS 1566-2, Single feed indirect
25、cylinders. BS 2777, Asbestos-cement cisterns. BS3198:1981 BSI 07-1999 iii BS 4213, Cold water storage cisterns (polyolefin or olefin copolymer) and cistern covers. This revised British Standard supersedes BS3198:1960 which is now withdrawn. Since manufacturers will require time to change existing pr
26、ocedures for testing, certification to BS3198:1960 will remain valid until31 March1982. Certification. It is strongly recommended that in view of the nature of this specification, manufacturers and purchasers should make use of the certification facilities described on the inside back cover of this
27、standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document
28、comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS3198:19
29、81 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for direct, double feed indirect and single feed indirect types of combination hot water storage units having hot water storage capacities in a series of ranges between65 litres and 210 litres, in which, when water is drawn off fr
30、om the hot water storage vessel, there is automatically: a) replacement of water withdrawn by that from a cold water feed cistern incorporated in the unit and adjacent to the hot water vessel; and b) controlled replacement of the water in the cold water feed cistern from the water supply by means of
31、 a float operated valve. NOTEThe preferred hot water storage capacities are85, 115, 130, 140, 150, 180 and210 litres. 2 References The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following de
32、finitions apply. 3.1 feed cistern the cistern, attached to the hot water storage vessel, for supplying cold water to that vessel to replace the hot water as it is drawn off 3.2 primary feed and expansion cistern the cistern for supplying water to the primary circuit and for accommodating the expansi
33、on of water therefrom 3.3 hot water storage vessel the container in which the heated water is stored 3.4 hot water storage capacity the actual volume of secondary water which can be stored in the hot water storage vessel 3.5 inter-connection the arrangements for connecting the feed cistern and hot w
34、ater storage vessel by means of which there takes place an adequate flow of cold water from the feed cistern into the storage vessel to replace the hot water as it is drawn off 3.6 warning pipe an overflow pipe so fixed that its outlet, whether inside or outside a building, is in a conspicuous posit
35、ion where the discharge of any water therefrom can be readily seen 3.7 combination hot water storage unit a) Direct type. A hot water storage vessel which has provision for an immersion heater or which can be coupled by pipework to an external water heating appliance and to which cold water is fed f
36、rom an attached feed cistern. b) Double feed indirect type. A hot water storage vessel similar to the direct type except that the stored water is heated indirectly by the water circulating in an integral primary heater. This type requires an additional cistern open to atmosphere from which the feed
37、is taken to the primary circuit and into which the primary circuit is vented. The increase in volume of primary water due to expansion is accommodated in this primary feed and expansion cistern which may be incorporated in the combination unit. c) Single feed indirect type. A hot water storage vesse
38、l similar to the direct type except that the stored water is heated indirectly by the water circulating in an integral primary heater but the primary feed and venting arrangement is an integral part of the primary heater within the hot water section of the combination unit. The increase in volume of
39、 the primary water due to expansion is accommodated within the primary heater and is prevented from coming into contact with the secondary water. 3.8 primary heater a heat exchanger mounted inside a hot water storage vessel for the transfer of heat to the stored water from circulating primary hot wa
40、ter 3.9 primary water the water in the primary circuit including the water in the primary heater, boiler, radiators, pipework, and associated fittings 3.10 primary capacity the total volume of primary water 3.11 secondary water the water that can be drawn off for useBS3198:1981 2 BSI 07-1999 3.12 sc
41、rewed connection any threaded connection to which pipes or apparatus can be fitted 3.13 length of threaded portion (of screwed connection) the distance from the front face of the connection (including any chamfer or radius) to either the leading face of a plug or screw ring gauge, screwed as far as
42、possible by hand into or onto the connection, or in the case of a fully threaded female connection, to the back face of the connection 3.14 metal thickness before forming the nominal thickness of copper sheet (which is subject to the tolerances specified in BS2870) from which units are manufactured
43、4 Designation of copper combination units for ordering purposes For ordering purposes copper combination units shall be designated BS3198 followed by the shape, i.e. cylindrical, rectangular, etc., the type and the capacity in litres as follows: For example, BS3198: Rectangular: DF:115. The informat
44、ion needed to be supplied with an enquiry or order is set out inAppendix F. 5 Materials Units shall be constructed from copper sheet complying with section 8 of BS2870:1980. The minimum nominal thicknesses before forming shall be shown inTable 1. On cylindrical units the cold cistern shall be reinfo
45、rced by the inclusion of a swage in the body of the cistern at the water line (see7.2). NOTEThicker copper sheet may be necessary for certain units to ensure that permanent distortion does not occur on filling (see13.1). Where the copper is pressed, spun, swaged or manipulated to form a seam, the th
46、ickness after forming shall be not less than67% of that specified for sides inTable 1. NOTEIn this calculation the values specified are not subject to the tolerances allowed in BS2870. The thickness other than in the area of forming shall not be less than the minimum nominal thickness before forming
47、 specified inTable 1. The primary heater shall be constructed from one of the following: a) 28mm size copper tube complying with the requirements of BS2871-1 but in suitable temper for forming; or b) copper sheet as specified inTable 1; or c) a combination of the sheet and tube specified ina) and b)
48、. Copper tube for other purposes shall comply with the requirements of BS2871-1 but where appropriate, before forming, it shall have been in a suitable temper for forming. Table 1 Minimum nominal thickness of copper sheet before forming DIR direct; DF double feed indirect; SF single feed indirect. C
49、omponent Type Capacity Thickness, mm Sides Top Bottom Hot water vessel Cylindrical up to 145 L over 145 L 0.55 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 Non-cylindrical All capacities 0.7 0.55 0.9 Feed cistern Cylindrical up to 145 L over 145 L 0.55 0.7 0.6 0.7 Non-cylindrical up to 45 L over 45 L 0.55 0.7 0.55 0.7 Integral primary feed and expansion cistern 0.55 0.55 0.55 Primary heater 0.55 0.55 0.55BS3198:1981 BSI 07-1999 3 Screwed connections shall be made of copper, gunmetal or alpha brass (inhibited against dezincification) and shall be attached to the vessel either
