1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3537:1979 Specification for Gudgeon pins up to200mm diameter UDC 621242.43BS3537:1979 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the Executive Board on 31January1979 BSI 12-1
2、999 First published August1962 First revision January1979 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/123/1 Draft for comment 77/78402 DC ISBN 0 580 10481 8 Cooperating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, under whose direction t
3、his BritishStandard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers Association of Mining Elect
4、rical and Mechanical Engineers British Compressed Air Society British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association (BEAMA) British Gas Corporation British Gear Manufacturers Association British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers Association* British Pump Manufacturers Association British St
5、eel Corporation British Steel Industry Chartered Institution of Building Services Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Department of Industry, Mechanical Engineering Department of Industry, National Engineering Laboratory Department of the Environment Department of Trade (Marine
6、Division) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users Association Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Health and Safety Executive Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers* Institution of Plant Engineers Institution
7、 of Production Engineers London Transport Executive Machine Tool Trades Association Ministry of Defence National Coal Board Oil Companies Materials Association Process Plant Association Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited* Telecommunicatio
8、n Engineering and Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Water-tube Boilermakers Association The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this BritishStandard: British Cast Iron Resear
9、ch Association British Rubber Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS3537:1979 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Gudgeon pin designs 1 4 Basic design features 1 5 Pla
10、in pins, end face located 4 6 Plain pins, not end face located 4 7 Chamfer locking with round wire circlips 5 8 Button or end pad pins 5 9 Pins located by clamp bolts 6 10 Pins secured by set screw 6 11 Materials 6 12 Case hardening 7 13 Quality requirements 7 14 Measuring procedures 9 15 Magnetic f
11、law detection 10 Appendix A Typical material specifications (with oversea equivalents) 12 Figure 1 Plain gudgeon pin 1 Figure 2 Form tolerance 2 Figure 3 Alternative outer edge forms 4 Figure 4 Plain circlip location 4 Figure 5 Chamfer locking with round wire circlips 5 Figure 6 Button or end-pad ty
12、pe pin 5 Figure 7 Clamp groove pins 5 Figure 8 Set screw location 6 Figure 9 Diameter reduction at pin ends 7 Figure 10 Measurement of outside diameter 9 Figure 11 Measurement of inside diameter and concentricity/radialwall thickness 9 Figure 12 Measurement of length 10 Figure 13 Measurement of runo
13、ut of end faces 10 Figure 14 Measurement of length and runout of end faces (alternativecombined method) 10 Figure 15 Magnetization: conducting bar 11 Table 1 Dimensions for outside diameter 2 Table 2 Surface texture on outside diameter 3 Table 3 Limits on inside diameter 3 Table 4 Concentricity of b
14、ore to outside diameter (FIM) 3 Table 5 Surface texture of machined finishes in bores 3 Table 6 Inside diameter end chamfers 3 Table 7 Outer end chamfers or radii 4 Table 8 Limits on length 4 Table 9 Runout of end faces 4 Table 10 Surface texture on ends 4 Table 11 Material classification by mechani
15、cal properties 6 Table 12 Finished case depths 7 Table 13 Diameter reduction at pin ends 7 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS3537:1979 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This BritishStandard was prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee and specifies in metric uni
16、ts, the data for a range of sizes of standard types of gudgeon pins for reciprocating internal combustion engines. Although the gudgeon pins dealt with in this standard are primarily intended for internal combustion engines, they may also be suitable for use in other types of machinery, as for insta
17、nce in reciprocating piston type compressors. This revision has been prepared primarily to provide a basis for rationalization of design features, materials and other characteristics of gudgeon pins and incorporates current good practice used within the internal combustion engine manufacturing indus
18、try. In the preparation of this standard, consideration was given to the equivalent German DIN Standards for gudgeon pins for reciprocating piston engines. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their
19、correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copy
20、right date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3537:1979 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This BritishStandard specifies dimensions, surface textures and other features of design for various types of gudgeon pins, sometimes referr
21、ed to as piston pins or wrist pins, all of which are case hardened. They are suitable for use in two and four stroke cycle spark and compression ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines. The standard covers pins of10mm to200mm diameter. Typical applications of various types of gudgeon pins
22、 are given. NOTEUnless otherwise specified, all dimensions in this standard are in millimetres. 2 References The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3 Gudgeon pin designs The following designs of gudgeon pins are included. Plain gudgeon pin. A
23、 pin with plain cylindrical inner and outer surfaces (seeFigure 1). Usually located by flat type rectangular circlips, round wire circlips, or shrunk or pressed in the small end of the connecting rod. Chamfer locking pin. A pin with chamfers on its outer edges which bear against round wire circlips
24、fitted in semi-circular grooves within the gudgeon pin hole (seeFigure 5). Button or end pad pin. Usually a plain gudgeon pin but fitted with mushroom shaped pads, tightly fitting into the bore of the pin (seeFigure 6). These pads are used to locate the pin within the cylinder. Clamp groove pins. A
25、pin which is located by means of a bolt which clamps a split connecting rod small end, around the gudgeon pin. The bolt usually encroaches on the gudgeon pin surface in which an accommodating transverse or annular groove is provided, thus locating the pin in the connecting rod seeFigure 7(a) and Fig
26、ure 7(b). Set screw location. A pin which is located by a set screw fitted in a tapped hole through one piston boss. The end of the screw, normally reduced in diameter, engages with a hole provided in the gudgeon pin (seeFigure 8). 4 Basic design features (seeFigure 1) 4.1 Outside diameter d 1 . The
27、 dimensions, limits, tolerances on longitudinal form and roundness, and the surface texture shall be as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and Figure 1 and Figure 2. Where the pin outside diameter is graded, the number and size range of grades shall correspond to the number and size range of grades in the
28、 gudgeon pin hole and these shall be agreed between the purchaser and the gudgeon pin supplier. Figure 1 Plain gudgeon pinBS3537:1979 2 BSI 12-1999 Table 1 Dimensions for outside diameter Figure 2 Form tolerance Pin length l 1 Outside diameter d 1 Increments of diameter Limits on d 1 Tolerance on lo
29、ngitudinal form Z and roundness K seeFigure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) u 185 u 50 Each whole millimetre +0.000 0.005 0.0015 50u 80 02580 +0.000 0.008 0.002 185 u 50 Each whole millimetre +0.000 0.010 0.0025 50u 80 02580 +0.000 0.010 0.0025 All 80u 100 02580 +0.000 0.010 0.0025 100u 120 02580 +0.000 0.015
30、120u 180 050 +0.000 0.018 0.004 180u 200 050 +0.000 0.020BS3537:1979 BSI 12-1999 3 Table 2 Surface texture on outside diameter 4.2 Inside diameter d 2 4.2.1 The inside diameter results from the calculation of the pin wall thickness t to give the required pin strength; d 2is then rounded down to the
31、next whole millimetre. 4.2.2 The limits, concentricity and surface texture on the inside diameter shall be as shown on Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5. NOTEThe type of machined finish should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 4.2.3 The concentricity of the bore d 2to the outside diameter
32、 d 1is expressed as the total variation W of the wall thickness measured as described in14.4. 4.2.4 Where the surface texture exceeds44m R a , pin bores shall be case hardened (see12.1). Table 3 Limits on inside diameter Table 4 Concentricity of bore to outside diameter (FIM) Table 5 Surface texture
33、 of machined finishes in bores 4.3 Inside diameter end chamfers e (seeFigure 1) 4.3.1 All sharp inner edges shall be removed at approximately45 as given in Table 6. Table 6 Inside diameter end chamfers 4.3.2 Soft bore pins which are broached after hardening shall have a nominal internal chamfer of1.
34、6mm at45 . 4.4 Outer end chamfers or radii. The outer edges of pins shall be suitably radiused or chamfered to eliminate any possibility of scoring the bore in the piston. The dimensions shall be as given in Figure 3 and Table 7. Pin length l 1 Outside diameter d 1 Surface texture a4m R amax. u 185
35、u 80 0.1 80u 140 0.2 140u 200 0.4 185 u 200 0.4 a Measured as specified in BS1134-1. Inside diameter d 2 Limits on d 2 4u 50 +0.1 0.4 50 +0.2 0.8 Wall thickness t Total variation W of wall thickness (seeFigure 1) 5u 12 1.5 12 3.0BS3537:1979 4 BSI 12-1999 Table 7 Outer end chamfers or radii 5 Plain p
36、ins, end face located (seeFigure 4) 5.1 Length l 1 5.1.1 The maximum length l 1shall be calculated as follows so as to ensure that the pin fits freely between the circlips in the closest condition (seeFigure 4). l 1(max.)=C (min.)2B (max.) 5.1.2 The limits on the length l 1shall be as given in Table
37、 8. Table 8 Limits on length 5.2 Runout and surface texture. The runout S of each end face to the outside diameter, and the surface texture on the ends shall not exceed that given in Table 9 and Table 10. Table 9 Runout of end faces Table 10 Surface texture on ends 6 Plain pins, not end face located
38、 The following shall apply. a) The tolerance on the pin length shall be 0.25mm. b) The surface texture on the ends (turned) shall not exceed6.34m. c) The runout of the ends is not important and is controlled by the length tolerance. Figure 3 Alternative outer edge forms Outside diameter d 1 Length o
39、f chamfer or radius f and radius r u 35 0.2 to 0.6 35u 50 0.4 to 0.8 50u 100 0.5 to 1.0 100u 200 0.8 to 2.0 Figure 4 Plain circlip location Outside diameter d 1 Limits on l 1 25u 75 +0.00 0.40 75 +0.00 0.50 Outside diameter d 1 Runout S of each end face u 75 0.10 75 0.15 Type of machine finish on en
40、d faces Surface texture 4m Ramax. Ground 1.6 Turned 6.3BS3537:1979 BSI 12-1999 5 7 Chamfer locking with round wire circlips (seeFigure 5) 7.1 Length l 2 . The length l 2of the cylindrical portion of the pin between the chamfers shall be calculated from: where C is the minimum distance to outsides of
41、 circlip grooves g is the maximum diameter of circlip wire is the chamfer angle from cylindrical surface The minimum circlip groove diameter=(d 1 + g) The limits of l 2shall be. 7.2 Chamfer angle . It is recommended that the chamfer angle should be between40 and45 . Thelimits on shall be 0.25 (see13
42、.2.1). 7.3 Length l 1 . The minimum length l 1shall bel 2 (max.)+g/sin . The limits on l 1shall be. 8 Button or end pad pins (seeFigure 6) 8.1 The maximum length L (over the pads)=Cylinder bore diameter0.80mm. The limits on L shall be. 8.2 The tolerances on pins before fitting the pads shall be as s
43、pecified in clause5 for end located pins. (The outside diameter shall be finished after fitting the pads.) 8.3 This type of pin shall have nominal inner edge chamfers of0.8mm at45 . NOTEThis design is recommended for use when circlips are subjected to impact loadings caused by pin inertia during eng
44、ine movements. Figure 5 Chamfer locking with round wire circlips 0.25 mm 0.50 NOTEThe correct end form of the pads is spherical, as shown, to ensure the maximum bearing. Figure 6 Button or end-pad type pin + 0.50 mm 0.00+ 0.00 mm 0.40 Figure 7 Clamp groove pinsBS3537:1979 6 BSI 12-1999 9 Pins locate
45、d by clamp bolts (seeFigure 7) 9.1 Grooves 9.1.1 The form of groove shall be milled or annular. 9.1.2 The limits on the diameter of the groove form shall be 9.1.3 The clamp groove shall be central within0.35mm. 9.2 Milled groove seeFigure 7(a). The groove depth is normally controlled by the dimensio
46、ns across the pin on which the limits shall not exceed 9.3 Annular groove seeFigure 7(b). The limits on the groove root diameter shall be 10 Pins secured by set screw (seeFigure 8) 10.1 The limits on the diameter of the set screw hole shall be 10.2 The error in the position of the hole shall not exc
47、eed0.125mm. 10.3 The outer end of the hole shall be countersunk0.5mm to1.0mm at90 included angle. 11 Materials The following are general guidelines recommended for use of the classes of materials given in Table 11 and Appendix A. Class1. Steel for use in internal combustion engines of low ratings, i
48、.e.with maximum cylinder pressures not exceeding7MN/m 2 1) . Class2. Steel for use in internal combustion engines having maximum cylinder pressures7MN/m 2and12MN/m 2 . Class3. Steel for use in internal combustion engines having maximum cylinder pressuresW 12MN/m 2 . Class4. Steel for use when there
49、is difficulty in maintaining conditions of full lubrication (e.g.intwo stroke diesel engines) so that special oil feed arrangements are required, such as bushes with oil spreading grooves, and where it is found to be advantageous to provide exceptional wear resistance by means of extremely hard gudgeon pin bearing surfaces by nitriding. NOTEFor normal operation in compressors and four stroke internal combustion
