1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3594-2: 1965 Specification for Pipe wrenches Part 2: Footprint type wrenchesBS3594-2:1965 This British Standard, having been approved by the MechanicalEngineering IndustryStandards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman ofthe Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the
2、authority of the General Council on 22 November1965 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/120 MEE/120/3 Draft for commentD64/6769 ISBN 0 580 03913 7 Co-operating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, und
3、er whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and Industrial organizations: Associated Offices Technical Committee Institution of Gas Engineers* Association of Consulting Engineers Institution of Heating
4、and Ventilating Association of Mining Electrical and Engineers Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Board of Trade Institution of Mechanical Engineers British Chemical Plant Manufacturers (Automobile Division) Association Institution of Production Engineers British Compressed Air
5、 Society Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association of Great Britain Association London Transport Board British Gear Manufacturers Association Machine Tool Trades Association* British Internal Combustion Engine Ministry of Defence, Army Department* Ma
6、nufacturers Association Ministry of Defence, Navy Department* British Iron and Steel Federation Ministry of Labour (H.M. Factory Inspectorate) British Mechanical Engineering Federation* Ministry of Power British Railways Board* Ministry of Public Building and Works Crown Agents for Oversea Governmen
7、ts and Ministry of Technology, National Engineering Administrations Laboratory Electricity Council, The Generating Board and Ministry of Transport the Area Boards in England and Wales National Coal Board* Engineering Equipment Users Association National Physical Laboratory (Ministry of Gas Council*
8、Technology) Institute of Marine Engineers Radio Industry Council Institution of Civil Engineers Royal Institute of British Architects The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represent
9、ed on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of U.K. Plier Manufacturers Ministry of Aviation Engineers and Allied Hand Tool National Association of Tool Dealers Manufacturers Association National Union of Furniture Trade Operatives Federation of British H
10、and Tool Post Office Manufacturers Saw Trades Association Institution of Engineering Inspection Society of British Aerospace Companies J.E.S.C. Sub-committee on Hand Tools Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Light Edge Tool and Allied Trades Association Ltd. Manufacturers of Edge Tools Co-opt
11、ed Manufacturers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3594-2:1965 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Nomenclature and definitions 1 3 Materials 1 4 Heat treatment and hardness 1 5 Manufacture 3 6 Dimensions and cap
12、acities 3 7 Finish 5 8 Marking 5 9 Testing 5 Appendix Tables for conversion of inches to approximate millimetre equivalents 7 Figure 1 Nomenclature of Footprint type wrench 2 Figure 2 Dimensions of Footprint type wrenches and test data 4 Figure 3 Diagrammatic arrangement of test rig 6 Table 1 Dimens
13、ions, capacities and test loads of Footprint type wrenches 4BS3594-2:1965 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS427, Method for Vickers hardness test Part1: Testing of metals. BS970, Wrought steels En series. BS1133, Packaging code Section6: Temp
14、orary prevention of corrosion of metal surfaces (during transportation and storage). BS1387, Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS21 pipe threads. This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee. It forms a compani
15、on work to BS3594-1, “Stillson type wrenches”. Apart from dimensional considerations, manufacturing requirements are laid down together with a proof torque test which the finished wrench should be capable of passing. NOTETables from which metric equivalents can be calculated are given in an Appendix
16、. The figures given in British units are to be regarded as the standard. More accurate conversions should be based on the tables in BS350 “Conversion factors and tables”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are respons
17、ible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been upd
18、ated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3594-2:1965 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard relates to the dimensions, quality, finish, testing and marking of pipe wrenches of the Footprint type
19、 as illustrated in Figure 1 in nominal sizes as follows: 6 in;7in;9in;12in and14inch. 2 Nomenclature and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the nomenclature of Figure 1 has been adopted together with the following definitions: a) Nominal size. The overall length of the hook (see F
20、igure 1). b) Maximum safe capacity. A value which is equal to the maximum diameter of pipe that can be safely gripped (see Table 1). 3 Materials The components of Footprint type wrenches shall be manufactured from the following materials: 4 Heat treatment and hardness The heat treatment and hardness
21、 of Footprint type wrenches shall be as follows: a) Frame and distance piece. The assembled frame and distance piece shall be normalized after machining and prior to hardening. b) Hook. The hook shall be normalized after machining and prior to hardening. c) Jaws. The teeth of the jaws of the frame a
22、ssembly and the hook shall be locally hardened and tempered in order to provide hardness values within the range550 to620HV30 1)when measured at a spot nearest the apex of any one tooth. The hardness within this range shall not extend beyond a point defined as twice the height of tooth measured back
23、 from the tooth root. Beyond this point the hardness shall gradually reduce. d) Shanks. At no point on the shank of the frame, nor on the shank of the hook shall hardness be in excess of300HV30. e) Pivot pin. The pivot pin shall be normalized after machining. a) Frame b) Distance piece from steel co
24、nforming to BS970 aEn43 J or G. c) Hook d) Rivets from low carbon steel e) Pivot pin from steel conforming to BS970 a En8. a BS970, “Wrought steels. En series”. 1) BS427, “Method for Vickers hardness test” Part1, “Testing of metals”. BS 3594-2:1965 2 BSI 10-1999 Figure 1 Nomenclature of Footprint ty
25、pe wrenchBS3594-2:1965 BSI 10-1999 3 5 Manufacture Footprint type wrenches shall comply with the following requirements: a) Frame. The frame shall consist of a formed pressing into the jaw end of which a distance piece, produced by drop forging, shall be inserted and positively and permanently fixed
26、 by means of rivets countersunk into the outer faces of the frame. b) Rivets. The rivets shall be dressed flush with the outer faces of the frame. c) Hook. The hook shall be produced by drop forging or alternatively formed from flat bar. The edges of the shank shall be rounded except at the tail. Ad
27、justment holes shall be drilled or punched. d) Teeth. The jaws of the frame assembly and the hook shall each have teeth formed by machining. Theteeth shall be of appropriate pitch as indicated in Table 1; of adequate number and suitable form to enable the tool to meet the test requirements of Clause
28、9 without slipping, and to ensure positive gripping during normal operation when applied to any appropriate diameter of pipe within the maximum safe capacity. The teeth of the hook and frame shall be opposed so that when applied to a pipe and turned in a clockwise direction the teeth shall bite into
29、 the pipe. e) Pivot pin. The pivot pin shall be of the type shown in Figure 2. One end of the pin shall be externally threaded to screw into the internally threaded locating hole in the frame; the other end shall have a knurled head with a plain shoulder, the shoulder being a sliding fit in the plai
30、n locating hole in the frame. NOTEIt is recognized that wrenches are available employing a modified form of pivot pin which provides quick action adjustment. Provided that such designs meet this British Standard in all other respects, they are permitted. f) All components. All components shall be fr
31、ee from cracks, flaws and other deleterious defects. g) Adjustment and clearances on assembly. The hook shall slide freely within the frame and the pivot pin shall be capable of being fully inserted as each adjustment hole comes into line with the locating holes in the frame. The total clearance bet
32、ween the side faces of the hook and the inner side faces of the frame shall not exceed0.040 in when measured adjacent to the pivot pin. The jaws shall not lock together when the wrench is in the fully closed position. 6 Dimensions and capacities The dimensions and maximum capacities of Footprint typ
33、e wrenches shall be as given in Table 1. BS 3594-2:1965 4 BSI 10-1999 Table 1 Dimensions, capacities and test loads of Footprint type wrenches Figure 2 Dimensions of Footprint type wrenches and test data Dimensions in inches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Nominal size (overall length) A Leng
34、th of frame B Depth of jaw C Thickness of jaw (min.) D Frame width (max.) E Tooth pitch per inch Thickness of frame F Pivot pin dia. G Thread dia. UNC or Whit. No. of adjusting holes in hook (min.) Size of adjusting holes in hook (max.) Jaw face to centre of1st hole H Pitch of holes Max. safe capaci
35、ty Proof torque lbf/in Load position X 6 7 9 12 14 4 7 / 8 6 7 1 / 4 10 5 / 8 12 3 / 4 1 1 1 1 / 2 1 7 / 8 1 7 / 8 1 / 4 1 / 4 3 / 8 3 / 8 3 / 8 1 5 / 8 1 3 / 4 2 1 / 2 3 3 16 16 10 8 8 0.080 0.104 0.116 0.128 0.128 0.218 0.218 0.277 0.337 0.337 1 / 4 1 / 4 5 / 16 3 / 8 3 / 8 4 4 4 5 5 17 / 64 17 /
36、64 5 / 16 3 / 8 3 / 8 1 3 / 32 1 1 / 8 1 11 / 16 2 2 1 / 8 3 / 8 3 / 8 5 / 8 5 / 8 5 / 8 1.346 1.687 1.919 2.394 3.014 1000 1200 2400 5000 7000 1 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 NOTEDimensions are nominal with the exception of columns4,5 and11. The values in column14 are equal to the maximum o
37、utside diameter of tubes to BS1387, “Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS21 pipe threads”.BS3594-2:1965 BSI 10-1999 5 7 Finish All components of Footprint type wrenches shall be finished smooth, free from flashes, burrs and other imperfections and shall be chemically and/or thermally
38、 blued, or blacked. Each finished tool shall be given suitable anti-corrosion treatment in accordance with BS1133, Section6 2) . 8 Marking Each Footprint type wrench shall be plainly and indelibly marked in a prominent position with the manufacturers name and/or trade mark, the nominal size of the w
39、rench and the number of this BritishStandard, i.e.BS3594-2. With the exception of the certification mark (see note below) the application of any other mark shall be the subject of agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. Application of the marks shall not cause stress concentration nor impair t
40、he efficiency of the tool. NOTEThe mark BS3594-2 on or in relation to the product is a claim by the manufacturer that it complies with the requirements of the standard. The British Standards Institution is the owner of a registered certification trade mark. This is shown below, enclosed in the words
41、, “Approved to British Standard”. This mark can be used only by manufacturer licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the BSI. The presence of this mark on or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods have been produced to comply with the requirements of the British Sta
42、ndard under a system of supervision, control and testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspection at the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the BSI. Further particulars of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, British Stan
43、dards Institution,2 Park Street, London,W.1. 9 Testing Each Footprint type wrench shall be capable of passing the following test. For the test a cylindrical steel test bar shall be rigidly mounted in a test rig such as that illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3. Alternative designs of rig are equ
44、ally permissible provided that identical test conditions are imposed. The test bar shall be of diameter equal to the appropriate maximum safe capacity of the wrench under test, as given in Table 1. It shall be hardened and tempered to give hardness readings within the range300 to380HV30 when measure
45、d at any point on its circumferential surface. The wrench shall be mounted in the rig with the teeth in normal working engagement with the test bar (see Figure 3) and a load shall be applied sufficient to result in a proof torque at point P (seeFigure 2) appropriate to the nominal size as given in T
46、able 1, Column15. Following this test the wrench shall release freely when the direction of force is reversed and on removal from the test rig the wrench shall be capable of normal adjustment over the whole of its range. The adjustment and locating holes shall show no sign of elongation. The frame,
47、hook and pivot pin shall not have suffered any measurable permanent set, nor shall examination with the naked eye reveal evidence of damage or displacement. 2) BS1133, “Packaging code”, Section6, “Temporary prevention of corrosion of metal surfaces (during transportation and storage”).BS 3594-2:1965
48、 6 BSI 10-1999 Figure 3 Diagrammatic arrangement of test rigBS3594-2:1965 BSI 10-1999 7 Appendix Tables for conversion of inches to approximate millimetre equivalents Example: Find3 5 / 8inches in millimetres:3inches=76.2 millimetres; 5 / 8 inch=15.9 millimetres. Hence76.2+15.9=92.1 millimetres=3 5
49、/ 8 inches. Fractions of an inch into millimetres inch mm inch mm 1 / 8 1 / 4 5 / 16 3 / 8 1 / 2 5 / 8 3 / 4 7 / 8 3.2 6.4 7.9 9.5 12.7 15.9 19.0 22.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 25.4 50.8 76.2 101.6 127.0 152.4 177.8 203.2 228.6 254.0BS3594-2:1965 8 BSI 10-1999 Example: Find0.856 inch in millimetres;0.850inch=21.59 millimetres;0.006inch=0.152 millimetre. Hence21.59+0.152=21.742 millimetres=0.856 inch. Based on the conversion factor1inch=25.400 millimetres Decimals of an inch into millimetres inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm 0.00
