1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3762-4.2: 1986 ISO697:1981 Analysis of formulated detergents Part4: Physical test methods Section4.2 Method for determination of apparent bulk density ISO title: Surface active agents Washing powders Determination of apparent density Method by measuring the mass of a given volume
2、NOTEIt is recommended that this Section be read in conjunction with the information in the “General introduction”, published separately as BS3762-0. UDC 661.185:531.755.22BS3762-4.2:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Chemicals Standards Committee, was publishe
3、d under the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comesintoeffect on 31December1986 BSI 11-1999 The committees responsible for this British Standard are shown inPart0. The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceCIC/34 Draft for comment80/52622DC ISBN 0 580 15582X
4、 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS3762-4.2:1986 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Field of application 1 3 References 1 4 Definition 1 5 Principle 1 6 Apparatus 1 7 Sampling 1 8 Procedure 2 9 Expression of results 2 10 T
5、est report 2 Figure Apparatus for determination of apparent density of powders or granules 3 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS3762-4.2:1986 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This Section of BS3762 has been prepared under the direction of the ChemicalsStandards Committee. It is identical wi
6、th ISO697:1981 “Surfaceactive agents Washing powders Determination of apparent density Method by measuring the mass of a given volume”, published by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO). This method supersedes method2 in Part3 of BS3762:1964 which is being deleted by amendment. Te
7、rminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. Th
8、e comma has been used as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use the symbol “L” for litre (and in its submultiples) rather than “l”. Wherever the words “International S
9、tandard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “Section of this British Standard”. Additional information. With reference to clause2, 6.1, 6.4 and the Figure, it is common practice in the UK to use the apparatus having a funnel orifice of40mm for all powders. A British Standard
10、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding Britis
11、h Standard ISO607:1980 BS3762 Analysis of formulated detergents Part1:1983 Methods of sample division (Identical) ISO3424:1975 BS5688 Methods of test for boric acid, boric oxide, disodium tetraborates, sodium perborates and crude sodium borates for industrial use Part21:1979 Determination of bulk de
12、nsity of sodium perborates (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated
13、in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3762-4.2:1986 BSI 11-1999 1 0 Introduction The apparent density of a powder can be evaluated either by measuring the mass which occupies a given volume, or by measuring the volume occupied by a given mass. In both cases, the procedure involves trans
14、fer of the powder from its original container to that used for the measurement. Owing to the friability of the product, to its flow or caking properties, to the varying geometry of particles of which it is composed, and to the unavoidable compaction resulting from pouring into the container for meas
15、urement, the apparent density determined will generally differ from that of the product in its original container or package. The result of the determination, therefore, gives only a conventional value related to the method used. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method forthe determin
16、ation of the apparent density of washing powders by measuring the mass of a givenvolume. 2 Field of application The method is applicable to free flowing powders and, provided that an appropriate funnel is used, to powders which have a tendency to cake. The method is suitable for other substances in
17、the form of powder or granules. In the case of powder containing lumps, the method is applicable only if these can be disintegrated readily without breaking down the particles of the powder. 3 References ISO607, Surface active agents and detergents Methods of sample division. ISO3424, Sodium perbora
18、tes for industrial use Determination of bulk density. 4 Definition 1) apparent density the mass, in grams, of powder which occupies a volume of one millilitre under standardized conditions 5 Principle Determination of the mass of powder in a receiver of known dimensions, after filling with the sampl
19、e from a funnel of specified shape under specified conditions. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Funnel, made of stainless steel, plastics, wood or other suitable material. All surfaces in contact with the flowing powder shall be smooth and polished and shall not permit a build up of an electrostatic charge by the fl
20、ow of the powder. The internal diameter of the orifice shall be40mm for use with free flowing powders and60mm for use with powders showing a tendency to cake. 6.2 Receiver, of capacity500ml, constructed of materials similar to those of the funnel. The receiver shall be calibrated as described in8.1
21、and the volume may, for convenience, be adjusted to500 0,5ml by machining the rim. 6.3 Stand, capable of holding the funnel and the receiver in fixed positions relative to each other. Thefunnel shall be held by locating pins passing through holes in the flange of the funnel and the top plate of the
22、stand. The receiver shall be located centrally beneath the funnel by locating studs or other suitable means. The stand may incorporate, if desired, a mechanism for mechanical operation of the closure plate. 6.4 Closure plate,110mm 70mm. This apparatus (see the Figure) is identical with that describe
23、d in ISO3424, except for the60mm orifice funnel the other dimensions of which are: superior diameter112mm and height100mm. 6.5 Straightedge, of length approximately150mm. 6.6 Glass plate,100mm 100mm 7mm. 7 Sampling The laboratory sample of washing powder shall be prepared and stored in accordance wi
24、th ISO607. 1) The gram per millilitre (g/ml) is the unit of density of the CGS system. The unit of density of the International System of Units (SI) is the kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m 3 ):1kg/m 3 =10 3 g/ml.BS3762-4.2:1986 2 BSI 11-1999 8 Procedure 8.1 Calibration of the receiver Calibrate the re
25、ceiver(6.1) by establishing its volume in the following manner. Weigh, to the nearest0,1g, the clean, empty receiver and place it on a horizontal surface. Fill it with recently boiled distilled water at20 C, and remove any bubbles, which collect during the filling, by gently tapping the walls. Place
26、 the weighed glass plate(6.6) horizontally against the edge of the upper rim of the receiver. Gently slide the plate across the water surface and, when it is nearly across, add1 to2ml of distilled water to the receiver and completely cover the receiver with the plate. Dry the exposed underside of th
27、e plate and the sides of the receiver with filter paper and weigh to the nearest0,1g. The volume, in millilitres, of the receiver is given by the formula m 2 (m 0 + m 1 ) 8.2 Preparation of test sample Break down any lumps present in the laboratory sample by shaking and rotating the container. Take
28、care to avoid breaking down the particles of powder. Render the laboratory sample homogeneous and reduce it by means of a conical divider as described in ISO607. 8.3 Determination Place the funnel(6.1) on the stand(6.3). Place the tared receiver(6.2) in position. Cover the bottom opening of the funn
29、el by means of the closure plate(6.4), holding the plate lightly against the funnel. Fill the funnel with the sample up to its top rim, then quickly remove the closure plate, thus allowing the contents of the funnel to run into, and overflow from, the receiver. Remove the receiver and place it on a
30、level surface. Carefully level the powder surface by means of the straightedge(6.5) and clean the outside wall with a dry cloth. Weigh the receiver and its contents to the nearest0,1g. Carry out at least two determinations on different portions of the laboratory sample. 9 Expression of results 9.1 M
31、ethod of calculation The apparent density of the powder, in grams per millilitre, is given by the formula Take, as the result, the arithmetic mean of the two determinations provided that the requirement for repeatability (see9.2) is satisfied. If it is not, repeat the determination. Express the resu
32、lt to three significant figures as follows: “Apparent density . . . g/ml”. 9.2 Repeatability The difference between the results of the two determinations, carried out in rapid succession by the same analyst, shall not exceed5% of the mean value. 10 Test report The test report shall include the follo
33、wing particulars: a) all details required for complete identification of the sample; b) whether or not lumps were present in the laboratory sample; c) the reference of the method used; d) type of funnel used (orifice40 or60mm); e) the results and the method of expression used; f) any unusual feature
34、s noted during the determination; g) any operations not included in this International Standard, or regarded as optional. where m 0 is the mass, in grams, of the empty receiver; m 1 is the mass, in grams, of the glass plate; m 2 is the mass, in grams, of the receiver full of water with the glass pla
35、te in position. where m 0 is the mass, in grams, of the empty receiver; m 3 is the mass, in grams, of the receiver and its contents; V is the volume, in millilitres, of the receiver. m 3 m 0 V -BS3762-4.2:1986 BSI 11-1999 3 Figure Apparatus for determination of apparent density of powders or granule
36、s4 blankBS3762-4.2:1986 BSI 11-1999 Publications referred to See national foreword.BS3762-4.2: 1986 ISO697:1981 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standard
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