1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3909:1965 Specification for Ingot lead for radiation shieldingBS3909:1965 This British Standard, having beenapproved by the Non-ferrous Metals Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of theEngineering Divisional Council, was published undertheauthority of the Ge
2、neralCouncil on 12 July1965 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference NFE/22, 22/7 Draft for comment D64/2966 ISBN 0 580 04481 5 Co-operating organizations The Non-ferrous Metals Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this Britis
3、h Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments, and scientific and industrial organizations: Aluminium Federation Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Association of Bronze and Brass Founders Institution of Production Engineers Association of Consultin
4、g Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Board of Trade Lead Development Association* British Bronze and Brass Ingot Manufacturers Light Metal Founders Association Association London Metal Exchange British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Magnesium Industry Council Association Ministry of
5、Aviation British Lead Manufacturers Association* Ministry of Defence, Army Department* British Non-ferrous Metals Federation Ministry of Defence, Navy Department British Non-ferrous Metals Research National Brassfoundry Association Association Non-ferrous Metal Stockists Copper Development Associati
6、on Post Office* Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Royal Institute of British Architects Administrations Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Electric Cable Makers Confederation* Society of Motor Manufacturers and High Conductivity Copper Association Traders Ltd. Institute of British Fo
7、undrymen Tin Research Institute Institute of Metals Zinc Development Association Institution of Mechanical Engineers Individual manufacturers (Automobile Division) The Government department and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the follo
8、wing, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Accumulator Makers Association United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3909:1965 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations
9、 Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 Section 1. General clauses 2 Freedom from defects 1 3 Selection of test samples 1 4 Retests 1 5 Certificate of compliance 1 6 Inspection 1 7 Independent test 1 8 Marking 1 Section 2. Specific clauses BS 3909-1 2 BS 3909-2 3 BS 3909-3 4 Appendix 5BS3909:1965
10、ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standard: BS 3908, Methods for the sampling and analysis of lead and lead alloy Part 1: Sampling of ingot lead, lead alloy ingots, sheet, pipe and cable sheathing alloys. This British Standard is one of a series of standa
11、rds for non-ferrous metals, the publication of which has been authorized by the Non-Ferrous Metals Industry Standards Committee. The request for the preparation of this standard covering the composition of lead used for radiation shielding came from several branches of the industry, and the standard
12、 is based on a draft prepared by the Lead Development Association. The three grades of lead specified are considered to be sufficient for most radiation shielding requirements, and detailed information as to the use of each grade is given in an Appendix. Very occasionally installations require shiel
13、ds with extremely low background radiation. Instruments of high sensitivity must be screened and for this purpose “low background lead” (sometimes known as “old lead” or “aged lead”) may be used. In this instance chemical composition is not important, and lead which has been exposed to light and air
14、 for50years is usually satisfactory; it is usually less contaminated than lead which has been used underground. This material is not specified in this standard. Its only requirement is that of having a low background radiation count and the magnitude of this is a matter of agreement between supplier
15、 and purchaser. Although an indication of the uses of the three grades specified is given in the Appendix, it is recommended that when ordering the purchaser should advise the supplier of the end use for which the material is intended. The wording and general arrangement of this standard are in line
16、 as far as possible with other standards for non-ferrous metals which include a number of alloys. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard do
17、es not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. Th
18、is will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3909:1965 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for three grades of ingot lead used for radiation shielding, designated BS3909-1, BS3909-2 and BS3909-3. An Appendix gives guidance as to the use of ea
19、ch grade. Section 1. General clauses 2 Freedom from defects The ingots shall be free from harmful inclusions and other defects. 3 Selection of test samples When tests are specifically called for by the purchaser samples for testing shall be selected as specified in BS3908, “Methods of sampling and a
20、nalysis of lead and lead alloys” Part 1, “Sampling of ingot lead, lead alloy ingots, sheet, pipe and cable sheathing alloys”. 4 Retests If a sample selected for testing fails to meet the requirements of this standard two further test samples should be selected for testing. If both of these further s
21、amples meet the requirements of this standard the ingots represented thereby shall be deemed to comply with the standard. If one of the retest samples fails to meet the requirements of the standard the ingots represented shall be deemed not to comply with the standard. 5 Certificate of compliance If
22、 required the supplier shall certify that the material complies with the requirements of this standard. 6 Inspection The purchaser shall be at liberty to take samples from the ingot and have them analysed. The cost of such analysis shall be borne by the purchaser and the results shall be communicate
23、d to the supplier if they are not in accordance with Clause 10. 7 Independent test Should there be a dispute about the compliance of the material with this standard the supplier and the purchaser shall have the right to have tests made by a mutually acceptable testing authority. The results obtained
24、 by the independent testing authority shall be acceptable as final. If the material does not comply with the standard the cost of independent testing shall be borne by the supplier. If the material complies with the standard the cost shall be borne by the purchaser. The methods of sampling and analy
25、sis shall be in accordance with BS 3908, “Methods for the sampling and analysis of lead and lead alloys” where the appropriate method exists. 8 Marking Each ingot shall be distinctly marked to indicate the British Standard designation of the alloy.BS3909:1965 2 BSI 11-1999 BS 3909-1 Section 2. Speci
26、fic clauses 9 General The ingots shall comply with the general requirements of Section1and with the following chemical composition. 10 Chemical composition The chemical composition of the ingots shall be: Impurities. The supplier shall undertake that the material does not contain the following impur
27、ities in excess of the amount stated: Lead not less than99.5 per cent Antimony 0.1 per cent Bismuth 0.05 per cent Copper 0.07 per cent Tellurium 0.065 per cent Tin 0.10 per cent Zinc 0.005 per centBS3909:1965 BSI 11-1999 3 BS 3909-2 Section 2. Specific clauses 9 General The ingots shall comply with
28、the general requirements of Section1and with the following chemical composition. 10 Chemical composition The chemical composition of the ingots shall be: Impurities. The supplier shall undertake that the material does not contain the following impurities in excess of the amount stated: Antimony not
29、less than 3.8 nor more than 4.2 per cent Lead the remainder Arsenic 0.05 per cent Copper 0.05 per cent Tin 0.05 per cent Sulphur 0.02 per cent Zinc 0.005 per cent Total 0.25 per centBS3909:1965 4 BSI 11-1999 BS 3909-3 Section 2. Specific clauses 9 General The ingots shall comply with the general req
30、uirements of Section1and with the following chemical composition. 10 Chemical composition The chemical composition of the ingots shall be: Impurities. The supplier shall undertake that the material does not contain the following impurities in excess of the amount stated 1) . Lead not less than 99.99
31、 per cent Antimony 0.002 per cent Bismuth 0.005 per cent Copper 0.003 per cent Iron 0.003 per cent Nickel + Cobalt 0.001 per cent Silver 0.002 per cent Zinc 0.002 per cent Tin, cadmium, arsenic, sulphur traces Total 0.01 per cent 1) By agreement between supplier and purchaser, lower maximum limits m
32、ay be specified.BS3909:1965 BSI 11-1999 5 Appendix The three grades of lead described in this specification are sufficient for most radiation shielding requirements. The material designated BS3909-1may be described as a general purpose lead for shielding purposes, and is employed mainly for filling
33、metal containers. It should be used where there are no problems of neutron activation. The impurity contents are therefore not critical and analysis of the lead in its finished form is not required unless gross contamination is suspected. The antimonial alloy specification BS3909-2is identical with
34、AESS10420of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Being harder than unalloyed lead, this material is used for components which are unprotected, have sharp corners etc., and may be subject to mechanical damage (e.g. shielding bricks). It has useful casting properties and can be used for filling
35、 certain containers. This material, too, should not be used where neutron activation could be a problem, and for the reasons given above, analysis of the lead in its finished form is not normally required. The third class of material BS3909-3is lead of high commercial quality and is substantially fr
36、ee from elements likely to be troublesome due to neutron activation. Lead of even higher purity is available, but when this is required the individual impurity limits should be agreed between the supplier and purchaser.6 blankBS3909:1965 BSI 11-1999 British Standards The following are available on a
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