1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4816:1972 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Method for The determination of the puncture resistance of boardBS4816:1972 This British Standard, having been approved by the Paper Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authorityof the Executive Boardon 21 July 1972 BSI 07
2、-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAC/11 Draft for comment 71/50609 ISBN 0 580 07305 X The following is a list of members of the Paper Industry Standards Committee, who have had the preparation of this British Standard under consideration: Th
3、e following is a list of members of the Technical Committee on Methods of Test for paper, Board and Pulp, the Committee actually responsible for the preparation of this British Standard: Chairman: Mr. H. R. Hutley Mr. F. E. Ashman Vice-Chairman: Mr. A. C. Vincent H.M. Stationery Office Mr. Gilbert A
4、. Smith Mr. S. Bailey British Federation of Master Printers National Association of Paper Mr. R.W.H. Bray, A.F.C. Merchants Mr. E. E. Capon Dr. N. K. Bridge Mr. J. Harding Research Association for the Paper and British Paper and Board Makers Board, Printing and Packaging Association (Incorporated) I
5、ndustries (PIRA) Mr. J. Leather Dr. J. F. Heggie British Railways Board Royal Institute of Public Health and Mr. K. Timberlake Hygiene Coated Paper and Board Makers Mr. R. L. Ballard Association Mr. J. F. A. Rankin Mr. C. Sumner Dr. M. N. Strachan Mr. A.D. P. Tanner Mr. G. Thompson Envelope Makers a
6、nd Manufacturing Technical Section of the British Paper Stationers Association and Board Makers Association Chairman: Mr. H. R. Hutley Research Association for the Paper and Mr. George L. Fuchs Board, Printing and Packaging Industries Mr. G. J. Strode (PIRA) British Federation of Master Printers Mr.
7、 H. A. Idle Mr. M. R. Hadfield Society of British Printing Ink British Paper and Board Makers Manufacturers Association (Incorporated) Mr. R. L. Ballard Mr. E. C. Allison Mr. J. D. Batley Mr. M. J. Ford Mr. R. A. Beveridge British Wood Pulp Association Mr. F. A. Guttfield Mr. E. D. Garner Mr. F. J.
8、T. Harris Chemical Industries Association Mr. I. F. Hendry Mr. H. F. Church Mr. L. F. Hopkins Electrical Research Association Mr. K. A. Hyam Mr. D. Horton Mr. D. J. McConnell Mr. G. R. Keay Mr. A. P. McDonald Mr. C. Sumner Mr. E. W. Peacock Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Mr. R. Peerless Stationer
9、s Association Mr. J. F. A. Rankin Mr. J. A. Moore Mr. J. R. Simmons Fibreboard Packing Case Manufacturers Mr. M. N. Strachan Association Technical Section of the British Paper and Mr. W. J. R. Howell Board Makers Association H.M. Stationery Office Mr. E. Mytum Mr. J. W. More Textile Institute Man-ma
10、de Fibre Producers Committee Mr. P. Howarth Mr. C. F. Finney University of Manchester Ministry of Defence, Army Department Mr. W. D. L. Anderson Mr. J. A. Simmons Technical Committee DPE/2, Punched Post Office Cards, Dimensions and Properties Mr. R. J. Hamer Mr. C. F. Finney Mr. F. D. Munday Technic
11、al Committee DPE/3, Punched Tape, Dimensions and Properties Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 4350 July 1983 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS4816:1972 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Sampling and preparation of test piec
12、es 3 5 Conditioning 3 6 Procedure 3 7 Test report 3 Figure 1 Apparatus for puncture test 2BS4816:1972 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standard: BS 131, Methods for notched bar tests. BS 131-4, Calibration of pendulum impact testing machines for metals.
13、BS 3430, Sampling of paper and board for testing. BS 3431, Conditioning of paper and board test samples. This British Standard is one of a series relating to the testing of paper and board, published under the authority of the Paper Industry Standards Committee. The procedure described in this Briti
14、sh Standard is under consideration by the relevant committee of the International Organization for Standardization and it seems likely that it will eventually be adopted as an international standard. Several makes of instruments are used for the measurement of the puncture resistance of board, diffe
15、ring only in minor details. The results obtained with these different makes of instrument are similar but not necessarily identical. Therefore, for purposes of comparisons it is essential to ensure that the same make of instrument is used for all tests. A British Standard does not purport to include
16、 all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i
17、and ii, pages1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4816:1972 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the appa
18、ratus and test procedure for determining the puncture resistance of board. It applies to all types of heavy boards, including corrugated fibreboard, and especially those used in the manufacture of packing cases. NOTEThe titles of the British Standards referred to in this standard are listed on page
19、ii. 2 Principle Test pieces from a representative sample of board are subjected to puncture by a triangular pyramid puncture head attached to a pendulum. The energy required to force the puncture head completely through the test piece, i.e. to make the initial puncture and to tear and bend open the
20、board, is measured. 3 Apparatus The following apparatus is required. 3.1 Puncture tester. This is an instrument that produces an impact by means of a pendulum. The bed plate of the frame of the instrument shall be firmly attached to a strong base to prevent energy losses. The instrument shall be acc
21、urately levelled, and shall not vibrate during the test. NOTEThe instrument should be so designed that the energy contained in the pendulum in each of the measuring ranges corresponds to the respective scale. It is not easy to calibrate the instruments used for this test; where calibration is necess
22、ary, reference may be made to BS 131-4, which gives a method of determining the initial potential energy. 3.2 Pendulum and puncture head (see Figure 1). The pendulum shall be fitted with an arm, having the shape of a 90 circular arc, to which the puncture head is attached. Both pendulum and arm shal
23、l be strong enough to minimize deformation and vibration when the test is carried out. The puncture head shall be a right angle triangular metallic pyramid, 25 0.7mm high, with edges between sides honed to any radius between 1.0mm and 1.6mm. One of the edges of the base of the pyramid shall be paral
24、lel to the axis of rotation of the pendulum, and the opposite corner of the base shall point towards the axis of rotation. The axis of symmetry through the effective point of the puncture head shall be vertical when it is half-way through the horizontal plane through the axis of the pendulum 1) . At
25、 release point the pendulum shall be in the horizontal position, which is determined by measuring through an angle of 90 from the pendulum with its centre of gravity at rest. 3.3 Measuring ranges. The use of interchangeable weights that can be attached to the pendulum provides several ranges of ener
26、gy. The range selected shall be such that the test result will be between 20 % and 80 % of the maximum value of the corresponding scale. 3.4 Release mechanism. A safety catch shall be provided to prevent accidental release of the pendulum. The release mechanism shall not impart any acceleration or d
27、eceleration to the pendulum. 3.5 Collar (see Figure 1). The neck of the puncture head shall be fitted with a close fitting collar designed so as to slip off its seating and to keep open the aperture in the test piece after the puncture head has passed through. This is to prevent the board from sprin
28、ging back on the arm and braking the pendulum, thus altering the test result. The loss of energy due to friction when the collar is forced off its seating shall be measurable and shall not exceed 0.25J. This loss of energy shall be compensated for in the reported test results. 3.6 Clamping device. T
29、o hold the test piece, two horizontal clamping plates shall be provided, the upper plate being fixed. The lower face of the upper clamping plate which contacts the test piece shall be on the horizontal plane through the axis of the pendulum, or up to 7mm above it. Both clamping plates shall be suffi
30、ciently rigid to withstand the clamping forces employed, without deformation. The effective clamping dimensions of the clamping plates shall be not less than 175mm 175mm. The upper clamping plate shall have an opening in the centre in the form of an equilateral triangle with sides 100 2mm in length.
31、 The aperture in the lower plate should preferably be identical and coincident with that in the upper plate; however, a centrally positioned circular aperture, with a diameter of 90 2mm may be used 2) . 1) To allow the use of existing instruments, a tolerance of 12.5mm is acceptable on the distance
32、between the mid point and the horizontal plane. 2) To permit the use of certain existing types of instrument the lower plate may have a centrally positioned circular aperture with a diameter of up to 100mm.BS4816:1972 2 BSI 07-1999 3.7 Clamping force. The force holding the test piece between the cla
33、mping plates shall be at least 250N and not more than 1000N. If the instrument has no device for measuring the clamping force, the force applied shall in any case be sufficient to ensure that the test piece does not slip when the test is carried out. 3.8 Indication of the measured result. The test r
34、esult shall be indicated by a friction loaded pointer operating over a dial on which the several scales, corresponding to the energy ranges, are marked. The scale divisions shall be calibrated in joules 3) . The friction mounting of the pointer shall be just sufficient to ensure smooth operation wit
35、hout over-run. 3.9 Adjustment of the instrument. For all measuring ranges the effective point of the puncture head shall be within 5mm of the horizontal plane through the axis of rotation of the pendulum, when the centre of gravity of the pendulum is at its lowest point. 3.10 Instrument checks. No c
36、ompensation for loss of energy due to friction shall be made in the calibration of the measuring scales. Energy loss due to friction in the bearings of the pendulum and air resistance shall not exceed 1 % of the maximum scale reading. Figure 1 Apparatus for puncture test 3) Many existing instruments
37、 are calibrated in GE units or kgf cm: 1 GE unit = 0.0298 J 1 kgf cm = 0.098 JBS4816:1972 BSI 07-1999 3 To measure energy loss due to collar friction a slip-off device shall be provided which catches the collar when the pendulum is allowed to swing freely from the release point. Energy losses due to
38、 pointer friction shall be determined by allowing the pendulum to make two free swings from the release position. The first swing shall carry the pointer close to the scale zero. The second free swing, made without resetting the pointer, shall carry the pointer nearer to the zero reading. The differ
39、ence between the two readings will represent the energy loss due to pointer friction. When making re-adjustments to the settings of the measuring scales the following checks shall be made. 3.10.1 Allow the pendulum to come to rest, with its centre of gravity at the lowest point, then move the pointe
40、r towards the maximum scale value. When the drive pin just touches the pointer the latter should indicate the maximum scale value. Carry out an analogous check with the pendulum in the horizontal position, 180 from the release point, when the pointer should indicate zero. 4 Sampling and preparation
41、of test pieces 4.1 Sampling. Select samples in accordance with the requirements of BS 3430. 4.2 Preparation of test pieces. Prepare test pieces with minimum dimensions of175mm 175mm from the sample selected in accordance with the requirements of 4.1. These test pieces shall be free from conversion m
42、achine marks, irregularities, or damage. In no instance should the puncture area be less than 60mm from the edge of the test piece or from any crease, score, or printed area. If for some reason a printed area is used for the test, then this shall be stated in the test report. 5 Conditioning Conditio
43、n the test pieces in accordance with the requirements of BS 3431. 6 Procedure Carry out the tests in the standard atmosphere specified in 5. Place the test piece between the clamping plates and clamp it with a constant force. If the instrument is equipped with a clamping force measuring device, reco
44、rd the force. Adjust the pendulum mass, using the supplementary weights as necessary, to operate over the energy range that will contain the expected test result within 20 % and 80 % of its maximum value. With the pendulum held by the release mechanism, slide the collar over its seating on the neck
45、of the puncture head, and set the indicating pointer to the maximum scale value. Then operate the release mechanism so that the puncture head completely pierces and passes through the test piece. Read the amount of energy used, representing the work in puncturing the test piece and overcoming the fr
46、iction in the instrument, from the appropriate scale. Scale readings should be to the nearest 0.1J for measuring ranges up to 12J and to the nearest 0.2J for measuring ranges above12J. Correct the test result for predetermined energy losses caused by friction in the apparatus. Unless otherwise agree
47、d between the parties, make ten replicate tests from each side of the material, five tests from each side with the cross direction or the flutes parallel with the axis of rotation of the pendulum, and five tests from each side with the cross direction or the flutes perpendicular to the axis of rotat
48、ion of the pendulum. 7 Test report The test report shall refer to this British Standard and shall include the following: 1) Date and place of testing. 2) Make and type of test instrument used. 3) Description and identification of the material tested. 4) Number of replicate tests carried out. 5) Arit
49、hmetic means of all the replicate test results in joules. 6) If required, separate arithmetic mean and range of the results for each configuration, i.e. the results of the tests made from each direction and from each side. 7) Clamping force in newtons. 8) Details of any deviation from this testing method. 9) Any other information which may assist in the interpretation of the test results.4 blankBS4816:1972 BSI 07-1999 British Standards The following are available on application: YEARBOOK Including subject index and numerical list of British Stan
