1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4845-1: 1972 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Method for Sampling manufactured domestic solid smokeless fuels in small consignments of mass 50kg to 5000kg either in bulk or in bags Part 1: Sampling of coke UDC 662.749.2:620.113BS4845-1:1972 This British Standard, having been approve
2、d by the Solid Fuel Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authorityof the Executive Boardon 16 October 1972 BSI 12-1999 First published as Supplement No.1 to BS 1017-2:1960 in July1966 First revision published as BS4845 October 1972 The following BSI references relate to the work on
3、this standard: Committee references SFE/45 andSFE/45/7 Draft for approval 72/40021 ISBN 0 580 07018 2 Co-operating organizations The Solid Fuel Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departme
4、nts and scientific and industrial organizations: The scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of Consulting Engineers
5、 Gas Council* British Cast Iron Research Association* Greater London Council British Coke Research Association* Heating and Ventilating Contractors British Ironfounders Association Association British Mechanical Engineering Imperial Chemical Industries Limited* Confederation Institute of British Fou
6、ndrymen* British Steel Industry* Institute of Fuel* Chamber of Coal Traders Institution of Gas Engineers* Chemical Industries Association* Institution of Heating and Ventilating Coal Utilisation Council Engineers Coke Oven Managers Association* Institution of Mechanical Engineers* Combustion Enginee
7、ring Association* Low Temperature Coal Distillers Association Council of Ironfoundry Associations of Great Britain Ltd.* Department of the Environment National Coal Board* Department of Trade and Industry Society of British Gas Industries Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Water-tube Boilermake
8、rs Association* Scheme Womens Advisory Council on Solid Fuel Electricity Council, the Central Electricity Generating Board and Area Boards in England and Wales* British Coal Exporters Federation London Coal Exporters Association British Paper and Board Manufacturers National Federation of Coke Distr
9、ibutors Cement Makers Federation Associations County Councils Association Society of Chemical Industry Independent Coke Producers Association Solid Smokeless Fuels Federation Institute of Weights and Measures South Wales Institute of Engineers Administration Independent Manufacturers and users Insti
10、tution of Electrical Engineers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 2756 January 1979 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS4845-1:1972 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Pre
11、cision of sampling 1 4 Mass of sample 1 5 Procedure 1 Appendix A Partial drying of the sample 3 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS4845-1:1972 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword In BS 1017, “The sampling of coal and coke”, Part 2, “Sampling of coke”, the problems involved in the sampling of coke are d
12、iscussed in detail in relation to the size of the material and the precision required, and sampling procedures are specified. These procedures are, however, mainly applicable to the sampling of coke where the aim is to determine the mean quality of production over a period, or of a large consignment
13、 in bulk. At times the need arises for the sampling of relatively small quantities of coke, which may be in bulk or contained in bags, when the principle of sampling by increments from a moving stream of coke cannot be applied. This standard provides for sampling under these conditions, which apply
14、particularly to domestic coke, and it should be regarded as supplementary to BS1017-2. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of i
15、tself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be
16、indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4845-1:1972 BSI 12-1999 1 Introduction The principles of incremental sampling and the precision which is obtained in practice are discussed in detail in BS 1017-2. In preparing that standard the procedures evolved were designed to provide
17、the required precision in sampling for the determination of moisture. The same principle has been adopted in considering the procedures of this standard. Bearing in mind the fact that the precision obtainable from a sample is dependent upon the number of increments taken, and that the mass of an inc
18、rement must be determined by reference to the size of the coke to be sampled, it follows that for a given precision the mass of sample must not be less than a minimum related to the nominal upper size of the coke, which in cases covered by this standard will not exceed63mm. It has been found by expe
19、riment that for such cokes a sample weighing about50kg is required to provide the precision specified. In order to obtain a representative sample from a quantity of coke in bulk, it will be necessary in every case to carry out incremental sampling of the whole quantity. Since it is not practicable t
20、o apply this principle when the coke is contained in a number of bags, the recommended procedure under these circumstances involves the selection of the requisite number of complete bags, the contents of which are mixed and the required mass extracted by increments. 1 Scope This British Standard spe
21、cifies procedures for the sampling of consignments of domestic coke of up to63mm nominal upper size in the range 505000kg, either in bulk or in bags. NOTEThe titles of the British Standards referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this stand
22、ard, the following definitions apply: 2.1 coke the solid residue of the distillation of coal at high temperature (above 800 C) 2.2 consignment the whole quantity of coke from which a sample is to be taken 2.3 increment the quantity of coke taken by a single operation of the sampling instrument 3 Pre
23、cision of sampling 3.1 While it is recognized that the standard precision of 1% of moisture with a probability of95% 1)is desirable, experiment has shown that in the case of consignments of coke in bags the proportion of bags which needs to be taken as the sample to provide this precision for the de
24、termination of moisture is unduly large, and a precision of 2% of moisture, with the same probability, is regarded as an acceptable compromise. The precision provided by the procedure specified for consignments of250kg up to5000kg is in no case inferior to this. When the consignment is of more than5
25、0kg and is in bulk, or if it is in bags and weighs more than250kg, this precision is attained by incremental sampling of the whole consignment. For certain purposes it may be necessary to take reserve samples and it will be seen that this cannot be done if the initial quantity to be sampled is too s
26、mall. 4 Mass of sample 4.1 The mass of sample taken shall be about50kg, obtained in increments each of about2kg. In no case shall the mass of the sample be less than45kg. 5 Procedure 5.1 General. To ease the problem of handling, a normal shovel capable of holding about2kg shall be used. Where it is
27、necessary to mix the consignment of coke, or any part of it, during sampling, this operation shall be carried out on a clean, dry, hard surface. Each sample shall be placed in one or more clean, dry, weighed containers, each with a lid that can be made air-tight on closure and which shall be closed
28、immediately sampling is completed. 5.2 Sampling of consignments of 50 kg in bulk or in bags. The sample shall consist of the whole of the consignment. 1) This is explained in Clause 4 of BS 1017-2:1960.BS4845-1:1972 2 BSI 12-1999 5.3 Sampling of consignments of more than 50 kg in bulk. The sample sh
29、all be taken by increments of about2kg, covering the whole of the consignment, and in the course of sampling the whole of the coke shall be moved by the shovel. The number of increments taken shall be not less than22for any one sample. The increments shall be collected at regular and evenly spaced i
30、ntervals covering the whole consignment. The procedure may be illustrated by the following examples: Example 1 It is required to sample a consignment of500kg of coke. This mass is equivalent to250increments each of2kg. To ensure that the sample contains not less than 22increments equally spaced, it
31、will be necessary to collect 1 increment in 250/22, i.e. not less than 1 increment in every 11 increments moved. The remaining increments are moved during sampling, but are not collected. Example 2 It is required to sample the consignment as in Example 1 above, but in triplicate to provide reserve s
32、amples. To ensure that each sample contains not less than22 increments, equally spaced, it will be necessary to collect 1 increment in , i.e. not less than 1 increment in every 3 increments moved. This would be carried out as follows: The remaining increments are moved during sampling, but are not c
33、ollected. 5.4 Sampling of consignments of more than50kg and not more than250kg in bags. The whole of the consignment (see Note) shall be tipped into a conical heap on a clean, dry, hard surface and shall be mixed by reforming it into a second conical heap. The sample shall then be taken by the proce
34、dure and number of increments specified in sub-clause5.3. 5.5 Sampling of consignments greater than250kg and not exceeding5000kg in bags. A total mass of not less than250kg of coke shall be collected from the consignment by taking complete bags evenly spaced through the consignment. Immediately thes
35、e bags have been taken (see Note) the coke shall be tipped into a conical heap on a clean, dry, hard surface and mixed by re-forming it into a second conical heap. The sample shall then be taken by the procedure and number of increments specified in sub-clause5.3. NOTEIf the coke is visibly wet, it
36、shall be placed in one or more containers at this stage and partially dried, as described inAppendix A, before incremental sampling is carried out. Sample Increments 1 1st, 10th, 19th, 28th . . 244th 2 4th, 13th, 22nd,31st . . 247th 3 7th, 16th, 25th, 34th . . 250th 250 322 -BS4845-1:1972 BSI 12-199
37、9 3 Appendix A Partial drying of the sample The whole of the sample is weighed in its container(s) on a weighing machine, the scale of which correctly registers differences of100g or less. The sample is then either spread out in a thin layer on a steel plate in a warm, well-ventilated room and left
38、until there is no visible moisture on either the coke or the steel plate, or partially dried in a large oven. The minimum time of exposure is12hours. In the meantime each container is dried and weighed. After drying, the sample is replaced in the original container(s) and weighed. The percentage los
39、s of moisture is recorded and details written on the label of the sample container(s). After the residual moisture has been determined on the partially dried sample, the total moisture will be given by: If m = mass of the container(s) plus the sample, m 1 = mass of the dry container(s), m 2 = mass o
40、f the dry container(s) plus the partially dried coke, X = percentage of loss of moisture due to the partial drying. X mm 2 mm 1 - 100. = where X = percentage loss on partial drying (taken from the label) M = percentage of residual moisture, determined by the procedure described in BS 1016-2. XM 1 X
41、100 - +4 blankBS4845-1:1972 BSI 12-1999 Publications referred to This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 1016, Methods for the analysis and testing of coal and coke. BS 1016-2, Total moisture of coke. BS 1017, The sampling of coal and coke. BS 1017-2, Sampling of coke. B
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