1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4859:1989 Methods of Test for fabrics produced from polyolefin tape yarns UDC 677.072/.073:677.074.33:677.017BS4859:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-), was publishedunder the authorit
2、y ofthe Board of BSI and comesintoeffect on 30 November 1989 BSI 12-1999 First published January 1973 First revision November 1989 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/24 Draft for comment 87/43810 DC ISBN 0 580 17636 3 Committees responsible for
3、this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/24, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists British Nonwovens Manufacturers Associati
4、on British Polyolefin Textiles Association British Textile Employers Association Confederation of British Wool Textiles Limited International Wool Secretariat Man-made Fibres Producers Committee Ministry of Defence SATRA Footwear Technology Centre Soap and Detergent Industry Association Society of D
5、yers and Colourists Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Textile Institute Textile Research Council Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS4859:1989 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1
6、 3 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 1 4 Properties to be tested in accordance with existing British Standards 1 5 Determination of heat shrinkage using hot air 1 6 Determination of heat shrinkage using an oil bath 2 7 Determination of friction coefficient using a roller 3 8 Determination of f
7、riction coefficient using a sledge 5 Appendix A Determination of extractive content 7 Figure 1 Apparatus to be attached to a constant-rate-of extension tensile testing machine for determination of friction coefficient using a roller 4 Figure 2 Attachment for determination of friction coefficient usi
8、ng a sledge 5 Figure 3 Sledge showing mounting of test specimen 6 Figure 4 Graph of mean tension against total mass of sledge 6 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS4859:1989 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Stand
9、ards Policy Committee. It is a revision of BS4859:1973 which is withdrawn. The principal changes introduced into this revision are as follows: a) the hook snagging method of test has been deleted; b) the heat shrinkage method of test has been revised; c) a method of test has been included for determ
10、ination of friction using a sledge; d) a method of test for determination of ultraviolet (UV) stability has not been included in this edition of BS4859 pending preparation of a revised method. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British
11、 Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. T
12、his standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4859:1989 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard describes methods of test for fabrics produced from polyolefin tape yarns. NOTE
13、The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS4611 apply. 3 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing An atmosphere of20 2 C is required for conditioning and testing. I
14、n cases of dispute the samples shall be conditioned in, and the tests shall be carried out in, the standard temperate atmosphere for testing textiles as defined in BS1051,i.e.a relative humidity of65 2% and a temperature of20 2 C. NOTECertain properties of tape yarns, particularly tensile properties
15、, vary according to the age of the sample. A sample may be considered to have stabilized in not less than7days after manufacture. Where agreed between the interested parties samples of fabric should be aged for this period at a temperature of between15 C and30 C. 4 Properties to be tested in accorda
16、nce with existing British Standards 4.1 General A number of properties of polyolefin tape yarn fabrics can be tested in accordance with other appropriate British Standard methods listed below. The tests shall be carried out according to the British Standard method with the exception of the atmospher
17、e for conditioning and testing, which shall be in accordance with clause3. BS 1006 for the determination of colour fastness. BS 1930 for the determination of width of woven or knitted fabrics when relaxed at zero tension. BS 1931 for the determination of length of woven or knitted fabrics when relax
18、ed at zero tension. BS 2471 for the determination of the mass per unit length and per unit area of woven or knitted fabrics. BS 2819 for measuring distortion in bowed and skewed fabrics. BS 2861 for the presentation of a weave diagram and plans for drafting, denting and lifting. BS 2862 for the dete
19、rmination of the number of threads per centimetre in woven fabrics. BS 2863 for the determination of crimp of yarn in fabric. BS 3320 for the determination of slippage resistance of yarns in woven fabrics. BS 3356 for the determination of stiffness of cloth. BS 4303 for the determination of tear str
20、ength. BS 4768 for the determination of the bursting strength and bursting distension of fabrics. 4.2 Linear density For determination of linear density use the method in section3 of BS2865:1984. For the removal of non-fibrous matter, use a solvent to extract the tape yarn specimens in a Soxhlet ext
21、ractor, ensuring that the extractor siphons at least ten times. (Appendix A contains the full procedure for the determination of extractive content.) 4.3 Thickness of fabric For determination of fabric thickness use method B of BS2544, with a foot pressure of135kPa. 4.4 Breaking strength and extensi
22、on For determination of breaking strength and extension, use the method described in BS2576 except that the rate of separation of the pulling jaw shall be200 10mm/min. NOTEEnsure that the specimen is firmly gripped. The slippery nature of the fabric may make it necessary to use serrated or lined cla
23、mps. 4.5 Air permeability For determination of air permeability use method18of BS3424. NOTEIt should be stressed that air permeability has no direct relationship with either liquid permeability or permeability to solids (e.g. dust). These vary according to the type of liquid or solid being used, and
24、 it is not possible to devise a method representative of them all. 5 Determination of heat shrinkage using hot air NOTEHeat shrinkage can be determined by using hot air (see clause5) or an oil bath (seeclause6). In cases of dispute, the procedure using an oil bath should be used. 5.1 Principle A tes
25、t specimen is suspended in an air oven under specified conditions and the change in dimensions is determined. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 Marking and cutting device, for preparing specimens of the size and shape required. 5.2.2 Scale or rule, graduated in increments of0.5mm and which is longer than the long
26、est side of the specimens. 5.2.3 Stop watch or timer 5.2.4 Oven, mechanical convection type and capable of maintaining a temperature between90 C and160 C to an accuracy of 1 C.BS4859:1989 2 BSI 12-1999 5.3 Test specimens 5.3.1 Mark and cut three specimens from one sample of fabric as described in5.3
27、.2 and5.3.3. 5.3.2 Mark out three rectangles across the width of the fabric so that each rectangle is at least200mm wide and250mm long. Ensure that no rectangle is marked from within200mm of either selvedge. 5.3.3 Cut out each specimen so that the specimen size after cutting is approximately50mm gre
28、ater in each direction than the marked rectangle (5.2). Ensure that no specimen is cut from within200mm of either selvedge. 5.4 Procedure Set the oven (5.2.4) at the temperature agreed between the interested parties. If no temperature is stipulated, the testing temperature shall be 130 C for polypro
29、pylene and100 C for high density polyethylene. Use the scale or rule (5.2.2) to measure the distance between the inside of the marks at the centre line of each specimen in both directions (warp and weft) to the nearest0.5mm. Record the results. Place the specimens in the oven without any tension, en
30、suring that the oven door is open for the shortest possible time. Not more than one specimen shall be placed on the same shelf or rack in the oven. Start the stop watch or timer (5.2.3) and leave the specimens in the oven for15min. Remove the specimens from the oven and allow to cool for10min. Keep
31、the specimens flat while cooling. Remeasure the distance between the marks on each specimen in both directions (warp and weft) to the nearest0.5mm ensuring that the specimens are as flat and smooth as possible. Record the results. 5.5 Calculation and expression of results For each specimen, calculat
32、e shrinkage (in%) from the following equation: shrinkage = where 5.6 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the number and date of this British Standard,i.e.BS4859:1989; b) details of the sample tested; c) the number and size of specimens tested; d) the temperature o
33、f the oven; e) the results obtained, expressed as in5.5. 6 Determination of heat shrinkage using an oil bath NOTEHeat shrinkage can be determined by using hot air (see clause5) or an oil bath (see clause6). In cases of dispute, the procedure using an oil bath should be used. 6.1 Principle A test spe
34、cimen is suspended in an oil bath under specified conditions and the change in dimensions is determined. 6.2 Apparatus 6.2.1 Marking and cutting device, for preparing specimens of the size and shape required. 6.2.2 Scale or rule, graduated in increments of0.5mm and which is longer than the longest s
35、ide of the specimens. 6.2.3 Stop watch or timer 6.2.4 Oil bath, sufficiently deep for the specimens to be fully immersed and capable of maintaining a temperature between90 C and 150 C to an accuracy of 0.5 C. 6.2.5 Fluid, capable of being heated to150 C without decomposition and inert to the specime
36、ns. NOTEA suitable liquid is silicone oil of viscosity50 10 3Pa. 6.2.6 Specimen holder, to enable the specimens to be fully immersed. NOTEA piece of heavy gauge wire bent to a suitable shape is suitable. 6.2.7 Weight-pieces, with a mass (in g) of not more than0.05 times the aggregate linear density
37、(in tex) of the yarns forming the fabric specimens. NOTEThe loading is less than in BS4611 because fabrics require a much smaller loading than tape yarns to keep the specimens vertical in the oil bath. A load in grams equal to0.01times the aggregate linear density (in tex) of the tape yarns forming
38、the fabric specimen in the test direction is usually sufficient. In practice this means that for a typical fabric of mass per unit area100g/m 2a sufficient loading is provided by a75g weight for a75mm wide strip. 6.3 Test specimens Take five specimens from each direction (warp and weft) across the w
39、idth of the fabric, each about300mm long and at least75mm wide. Ensure that the specimens are as representative as possible. No two specimens shall contain the same longitudinal threads and no specimen shall be cut from within200mm of either selvedge. Fasten one end of each test specimen to the spec
40、imen holder (6.2.6) and fix a weight-piece(6.2.7) to the other end. Make two marks across the specimen such that: a) the distance between the marks is at least250mm; L 0 is the original length (in mm); L is the final length (in mm). LL 0 ()100 L 0 -BS4859:1989 BSI 12-1999 3 b) the distance from the
41、top mark to the specimen holder is at least10mm; c) the distance from the bottom mark to the point of attachment of the weight-piece is at least10mm. 6.4 Procedure Set the oil bath at the temperature agreed between the interested parties. If no temperature is stipulated, the testing temperature shal
42、l be 130 C for polypropylene and100 C for high density polyethylene. Use the scale or rule (6.2.2) to measure the distance between the inside of the marks at the centre line of each specimen to the nearest0.5mm under a straightening tension, if necessary, of not more than0.5mN/tex, where the tex val
43、ue to be used is the total linear density of all tapes in the test direction. Record the results. Immerse the specimens in the oil. Start the stop watch or timer(6.2.3) and leave the specimens in the oil bath for3005s. Remove the specimens from the oil bath, place them horizontally on absorbent pape
44、r and allow to cool for10min. Wipe surplus oil from the specimens, ensuring that they are not stretched during this treatment. Remeasure the distance between the marks on each specimen to the nearest 0.5mm ensuring that the specimens are as flat and smooth as possible. Record the results. 6.5 Calcul
45、ation and expression of results For each specimen, calculate shrinkage (in%) from the following equation: shrinkage = where 6.6 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the number and date of this British Standardi.e.BS4859:1989; b) details of the sample tested; c) the
46、 number and size of specimens tested; d) the temperature of the oil bath; e) the result obtained, expressed as in6.5. 7 Determination of friction coefficient using a roller 7.1 Principle The force between two fabric specimens when they start to move over each other is measured. 7.2 Apparatus 7.2.1 C
47、onstant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine, as described in BS2576. 7.2.2 An attachment (seeFigure 1), that enables a strip of the fabric to be drawn over a fixed roller covered with the same fabric (or with any other material). The attachment is designed so that the angle of contact between
48、the two rubbing surfaces is; radians(180 ). 7.3 Test specimens Take two strips of fabric, one75mm wide and about250mm long, the other25mm wide and about1m long. In cases where it is suspected that friction may be directional, cut four pairs of specimens so that results can be obtained for warp-way o
49、ver warp-way, weft-way over weft-way, warp-way over weft-way and weft-way over warp-way. 7.4 Procedure Clamp the strip of fabric75mm wide and about250mm long to the fixed roller. Fix the other strip at one end to the upper jaw, take it under the fixed roller, over the frictionless pulley and tension it at the other end by clamping the1kg load to it. Operate the test machine at a speed of20mm/min. Record the force (T s ) in newtons as the two fabrics start to move over each other, and also the average for
