1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4896:1973 Method for The determination of ash of pulp UDC 676.014.2:543.822BS4896:1973 This British Standard, having been approved by the Paper Industry Standards Committee,was published underthe authorityof the Executive Boardon 7December1973 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI refere
2、nces relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAC/11 Draft for comment 71/53903 ISBN 0 580 07660 1 Co-operating organizations The following is a list of members of the Paper Industry Standards Committee, who have had the preparation of this British Standard under consideration: The f
3、ollowing is a list of members of the Technical Committee on Methods of Test for Paper, Board and Pulp, the Committee actually responsible for the preparation of this British Standard: Chairman: Mr H.R. Hutley Mr S. Bailey Mr Gilbert A. Smith National Association of Paper Merchants British Federation
4、 of Master Printers Dr N.K. Bridge Mr R.W.H. Bray, A.F.C. PIRA (Research Association for the Paper and Mr.J. Harding Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) British Paper and Board Makers Dr J.F. Heggie Association (Incorporated) Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Mr J. Leather Mr R.L. B
5、allard British Railways Board Mr J.F.A. Rankin Mr C. Sumner Dr M.N. Strachan Mr A.D.P. Tanner Mr G. Thompson Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Technical Section of the British Paper and Stationers Association Board Makers Association Mr F.E. Ashman H.M. Stationery Office Chairman: Mr H.R. Hutley Mr
6、G.R. Keay Dr George L. Fuchs Mr C. Sumner Mr J. Strode Envelope Makers and Manufacturing British Federation of Master Printers Stationers Association Mr M.R. Hadfield Mr J.A. Moore British Paper and Board Makers Fibreboard Packing Case Manufacturers Association (Incorporated) Association Mr E.C. All
7、ison Mr W.J.R. Howell Mr M.J. Ford H.M. Stationery Office British Wood Pulp Association Mr J.W. More Mr E.D. Garner Man-made Fibre Producers Committee Chemical Industries Association Mr C.F. Finney Mr H.F. Church Ministry of Defence, Army Department Electrical Research Association Mr J.A. Simmons Mr
8、 D. Horton Post Office Mr R.J. Hamer Mr R. Peerless Mr F.D. Munday Mr J.F.A. Rankin PIRA (Research Association for the Paper andDr M.N. Strachan Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) Mr S.A. Underwood Mr H.A. Idle Technical Section of the British Paper and Society of British Printing Ink Manufac
9、turers Board Makers Association Mr R.L. Ballard Mr E. Mytum Mr J.D. Batley Textile Institute Mr R.A. Beveridge Mr P. Howarth Mr F.A. Guttfield University of Manchester Mr F.J.T. Harris Mr W.D.L. Anderson Mr I.F. Hendry Technical Committee DPE/2, Punched Cards, Mr L.F. Hopkins Dimensions and Properti
10、es Mr K.A. Hyam Mr C.F. Finney Mr D.J. McConnell Technical Committee DPE/3, Punched Tape, Mr A.P. McDonald Dimensions and Properties Mr E.W. Peacock Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS4896:1973 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cove
11、r Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definition 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Preparation of sample 1 5 Procedure 1 6 Expression of results 1 7 Test report 1 Publication referred to 2BS4896:1973 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword There has for some years been a series of British Standards for the testing of paper and board; where th
12、ere is a corresponding Recommendation or Standard ofthe International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the British Standard is usually in line with the international decisions. More recently, the ISO Committee concerned has undertaken a considerable amount of work on the testing of pulp for u
13、se in the papermaking, plastics, textile and other industries, and the United Kingdom has taken an active part in this work. Some of the methods are of use to all pulp users, while others may concern only certain converting interests. After consultation with the various industries concerned it was d
14、ecided that the potential value of these methods was sufficient to warrant their publication as British Standards, and several have already been issued. As a matter of organizational convenience, this British Standard method, which, apart from minor editorial adjustments, follows ISO Recommendation
15、R1762, “Pulps. Determination of ash” precisely, is published under the authority of the Paper Industry Standards Committee, but the other relevant industries have all been consulted. In the course of its work, the ISO Committee made a statistical study of the determination of ash and of sulphated as
16、h of many different types of pulp. It was proved that neither method showed any significant advantage over the other. Therefore, the more simple ash method was chosen. The determination of acid-insoluble ash of pulp is dealt with in BS4496, “Method for the determination of acid-insoluble ash in pulp
17、”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document compris
18、es a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 and2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4896:1973 BSI 12-1999 1 1
19、 Scope This British Standard specifies a method for the determination of ash of pulp. The “ash content” of pulp gives an estimation of its content of mineral salts and other inorganic matter, but is not quantitatively equal to this content. The method applies to all kinds of papermaking and dissolvi
20、ng pulps. NOTEThe title of the British Standard referred to in this standard is given on page 2. 2 Definition For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definition applies: ash content of a pulp sample the mass of the residue after complete combustion at a temperature of575 25 C under
21、specified conditions and is expressed as a percentage of the mass of the oven-dry sample 3 Apparatus 3.1 Crucibles or dishes of platinum, porcelain or quartz. 3.2 Electric muffle furnace, suitable for maintaining a temperature of575 25 C. 4 Preparation of sample Tear the air-dry sample into pieces o
22、f a suitable size. Do not use cut or punched edges, or other parts where metallic contamination may have occurred. 5 Procedure 5.1 Preparation of test piece. Weigh out, to the nearest0.01g, an amount of pulp that will give not less than10mg of ash. At the same time weigh out a separate test piece fo
23、r dry matter determination in accordance with BS4502. 5.2 Determination. Heat a crucible or dish for15minutes in the muffle furnace at a temperature of575 25 C. Place it in a desiccator and cool for 45 minutes if porcelain or quartz ware is used, or for15minutes if using platinum. Weigh to the neare
24、st0.1mg. If the test piece is of a suitable size, place it in the crucible and burn the pulp over the low flame of a gas burner until it is well carbonized (see Note1). Ifthe crucible or dish is too small to hold the entire test piece, gently burn it off in portions. Take care not to let any ash blo
25、w from the crucible. Then place the crucible in the muffle furnace and ignite at a temperature of575 25 C for a period of3hours, or longer if needed, to burn away all the carbon (seeNote2). When the ignition is complete, as indicated by the absence of black particles, allow to cool as described abov
26、e and weigh to the nearest0.1mg. NOTE 1If a suitable furnace is available for each separate test piece, place the crucible in a cold furnace and heat carefully until the pulp is well carbonized. If a gas burner is used, take care that the inner (reducing) cone of the flame does not come in contact w
27、ith the platinum; adjust the flame so that no carbon deposits are formed on the outside of the crucible or dish. NOTE 2Undue extension of the ignition time may cause unwanted reactions and produce erroneous results. 6 Expression of results Carry out two determinations and calculate the ash content X
28、, as a percentage by mass, by the following formula: Report the result as the mean of the two determinations, to two decimal places. 7 Test report The test report shall state the results obtained and indicate any details that are optional or not specified in this British Standard, as well as any inc
29、idents that may have affected the results. where a is the mass of ash, expressed in grams m is the mass of pulp, calculated on an oven-dry basis, expressed in grams.BS4896:1973 2 BSI 12-1999 Publication referred to This standard makes reference to the following British Standard: BS4502, Method for t
30、he determination of dry matter content of pulp. BS4896:1973 BSI 12-1999 BSI Certification Trade Mark The Kitemark The British Standards Institution is the owner of a registered certification trade mark. It is usually associated with the words “approved to British Standard” as shown below, the number
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