1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4999-140: 1987 General requirements for rotating electrical machines Part 140: Specification for voltage regulation and parallel operation of a.c. synchronous generators UDC 621.313-13BS4999-140:1987 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Power Elec
2、trical Engineering Standards Committee was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes into effect on 30January1987 BSI 04-2000 First published as BS4999-40 May1972 First revision as BS4999-140 January1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee refer
3、ence PEL/1 Revision announced in BSI News October1986 ISBN 0 580 15647 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Power Electrical Engineering Standards Committee (PEL/-) to Technical Committee PEL/1, upon which the following bodi
4、es were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Electrical Machinery Trades Association of Manufacturers Allied to the Electrical and Electronic Industry (BEAMA Ltd.) Association of Supervisory and Executive Engineers Bureau of Engineer Surveyors ERA Technology Ltd. Electrici
5、ty Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineer Surveyors Section of the ASTMS Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Ministry of Defence National Coal Board Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Rotating Electrical Machines Association (BEAMA Ltd.) So
6、uth of Scotland Electricity Board Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS4999-140:1987 BSI 04-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Parallel operation of a.c. generators 1 3 Voltage regulation of constant voltage a.c. gen
7、erators 1 Appendix A Voltage regulation grades 3 Figure 1 Typical voltage response characteristic 2 Table 1 Voltage regulation grades 2 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS4999-140:1987 ii BSI 04-2000 Foreword This Part of BS4999 has been prepared under the direction of the Power Electrical
8、Engineering Standards Committee and supersedes BS4999-40:1972 which is withdrawn. The requirements contained in several clauses of BS4999-40:1972 have been omitted from this new Part, as they are now included in BS4999-101 which is based on Publication34-1 of the International Electrotechnical Commi
9、ssion. No technical changes have been made to the remaining clauses of BS4999-40:1976, but, editorially, the Part number has not been included in the point numbering system as in Part40. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Stand
10、ards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This stand
11、ard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4999-140:1987 BSI 04-2000 1 1 Scope This Part of BS4999 specifies requirements for voltage regulation and parallel operation of a.c.synchronou
12、s generators. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Parallel operation of a.c. generators A.C. generators specifically required to operate in parallel shall be provided with excitation/voltage regulating systems which will enable them
13、to share the kVAr of the group load on a proportionate basis. NOTE 1When a.c. generators are required to operate in parallel this should be specified at the time of the enquiry and confirmed at the time of ordering. NOTE 2To enable generators operating in parallel to share the kW of a group load on
14、a proportionate basis it is necessary for the prime movers to be provided with suitable governors as such load sharing is not a function of the generator excitation/voltage regulating system. 3 Voltage regulation of constant voltage a.c. generators 3.1 General The inherent voltage regulation of a ge
15、nerator assumes operation at a constant excitation, which is a condition not encountered in normal service. The voltage regulation of a generator applies to the behaviour of the machine operating in conjunction with its own excitation control system and voltage regulating equipment, if any, at const
16、ant rated speed 1) , rated voltage, with the generator windings hot or cold. In practice the speed governing characteristics of the prime mover will affect the value of voltage regulation of the generator. When it is important, information regarding the speed/load/time characteristics should be give
17、n at the time of enquiry. The voltage regulation grades specified in this clause refer to generators running singly and not running in parallel with other generators. The conditions for parallel running are specified in clause2. To enable generators to comply with these conditions some form of paral
18、lel running compensation will need to be applied to the voltage regulating equipment, and power factor compensation may also be required. For these reasons the performance of the generator with its voltage regulating equipment may not necessarily comply with the requirements of this clause when it i
19、s running in parallel with other generators. Where the generator application is such that the normal definition of voltage regulation does not apply, e.g.generators on rapid pulse duties or supplying rectifiers or distorted or unbalanced loads, the form of specifying the voltage/load characteristics
20、 and the requirements shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Figure 1 shows a typical curve of voltage response on the sudden application of a load to the generator terminals and gives the symbols to be used to define voltage regulation characteristics. 3.2 Voltage regulation: G
21、rade 0 (VR0) This grade of voltage regulation shall be applied to generators used for applications where voltage regulation grades as defined in3.3 and3.4 are not relevant to satisfactory operation in service, for example in the case of generators supplying power for metal fusing or melting. Accordi
22、ngly no requirements are specified for this grade. 3.3 Voltage regulation: Grade 1 (VR1) This grade of voltage regulation shall be applied to all generators where grade VR0 is not applied and where close control of voltage as specified in3.4 is not required. The conditions applicable to grade VR1 ar
23、e as follows: 3.3.1 Steady state conditions. The generator, when driven at rated speed, and operating with its normal excitation control system, which may include an automatic voltage regulator or any other voltage stabilizing system, shall be capable of maintaining the voltage under steady state co
24、nditions within 5% of rated voltage for all loads between no-load and rated load at rated power factor. Following transient changes the voltage shall be restored to within these limits in less than15s. NOTEUnder certain operating conditions the power factor may be other than the rated value and this
25、 may affect the voltage regulation. 3.3.2 Transient conditions. When the generator, driven at rated speed and giving its rated voltage on no-load under the control of its normal excitation and voltage regulating system, is switched on to a symmetrical load which would absorb35% of rated current at r
26、ated voltage at a power factor between0.4 and zero lagging, the initial voltage drop shall be limited to15% of rated voltage and the voltage shall recover to at least94% of rated voltage in less than1.5s. 1) For test purposes a substantially constant speed prime mover, e.g. a cage induction motor, m
27、ay be used to drive the generator.BS4999-140:1987 2 BSI 04-2000 3.4 Voltage regulation: Grades 2.11 to 2.33 (VR2.11 to VR2.33) A grade of voltage regulation qualified according toTable 1 shall be applied, when specified by the purchaser, to generators where grades of VR0 and VR1 are not applied and
28、where close control of voltage is required. 3.4.1 Steady state conditions. Under the same conditions as in3.3.1 the voltage shall be maintained within 2.5% of rated voltage. This shall apply for all grades inTable 1. Following transient changes the voltage shall be restored to within these limits in
29、 less than10s. 3.4.2 Transient conditions. Under the same conditions as in3.3.2 but with the load application stated, the generator voltage shall recover to at least97% of rated voltage in less than the time stated, according to the voltage grade selected fromTable 1. 3.4.3 Transient voltage rise. F
30、or generators rated at0.8 power factor the transient rise in voltage after a sudden rated load rejection at rated power factor and constant speed shall not exceed the figures quoted inTable 1 for the appropriate voltage regulation grades. When generators have a rated power factor other than0.8, and
31、the transient rise on load rejection is important the figure should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser before the order is placed. (See alsoAppendix A.) 3.5 Voltage regulation: Grade 3.11 (VR3) This grade of voltage regulation shall be of special application to generators where ver
32、y close control of voltage is required. 3.5.1 Steady state conditions. Under the same conditions as in3.3.1, the voltage shall be maintained within 1% of rated voltage. Following transient changes the voltage shall be restored to within these limits in less than10s. 3.5.2 Transient conditions. Where
33、 required, these should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Table 1 Voltage regulation grades Figure 1 Typical voltage response characteristic Voltage regulation grade Per cent rated current at rated voltage, load application Maximum recovery time (t 1 ) from load Transient voltage
34、 rise with rate kVA at 0.8 pf thrown off s per cent VR2.11 VR2.12 VR2.13 VR2.21 VR2.22 VR2.23 VR2.31 VR2.32 VR2.33 35 35 35 60 60 60 100 100 100 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 35 35 38 20 20 26 15 15 17 NOTEThe maximum recovery time, load off, will be of the order of 1.5 to 2.0 t 1 .BS4999-140:
35、1987 BSI 04-2000 3 Appendix A Voltage regulation grades It should be appreciated that the choice of a grade of voltage regulation better than is actually necessary can result in an increased system fault level and a larger, more expensive generator. It is therefore recommended that, when choosing a
36、grade of voltage regulation, consideration should be given to the possible effect of the voltage regulation grade on the fault level of the system.4 blankBS4999-140:1987 BSI 04-2000 Publications referred to BS 4999, General requirements for rotating electrical machines. BS 4999-101, Specification fo
37、r rating and performance 2) . IEC Publication 34-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance 2) . 2) Referred to in the foreword only.BS 4999-140: 1987 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for prep
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