1、BRITISH STANDARD BS5131-1.3: 1991 Methods of test for Footwear and footwear materials Part1: Adhesives Section1.3 Preparation of test assemblies using adhesives (other than hot melt adhesives) for heat resistance (creep) and peel tests NOTEIt is recommended that this Section should be read in conjun
2、ction with BS5131-0, published separately.BS5131-1.3:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comesintoeffecton 28February1991 BSI 11-1999 First published as Sub
3、section1.1.3 March1976 Second edition as Section1.3 February1991 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceTCM/39 Draft for comment89/36218DC ISBN 0 580 18683 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was en
4、trusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/39, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Footwear Manufacturers Federation British Leather Confederation British Rubber Manufacturers Association British Steel plc Consumer Standar
5、ds Advisory Committee of BSI Cork Industry Federation Footwear Components Federation Footwear Distributors Federation Institute of Trading Standards Administration Iron and Steel Trades Confederation Lancashire Footwear Manufacturers Association Mail Order Traders Association of Great Britain Minist
6、ry of Defence National Union of Footwear, Leather and Allied Trades Office of Fair Trading SATRA Footwear Technology Centre The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Paper and Board
7、 Industry Federation British Plastics Federation Multiple Shoe Retailers Association RAPRA Technology Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS5131-1.3:1991 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Apparatus 1
8、 4 Preparation of adherends 1 5 Preparation and application of solvent-based and water-based adhesives 9 6 Bonding the test assembly 10 7 Storage of test assemblies 12 Figure 1 Preferred test assembly for creep testing 3 Figure 2 Plan of allowed test assembly for creep testing 4 Figure 3 Allowed tes
9、t assembly for creep testing wheremechanicalsurfacepreparation is not required 5 Figure 4 Plan of preferred test assembly for peel testing 6 Figure 5 Plan of allowed test assembly for peel testing 7 Figure 6 Allowed test assembly for peel testing where mechanicalsurfacepreparation is not required 8
10、Publications referred to Inside back coverBS5131-1.3:1991 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This Section of BS5131 has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS5131-1.1.3:1976, which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include
11、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi an
12、dii, pages1 to12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5131-1.3:1991 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS5131 describes method
13、s for preparation of the test assemblies required by Sections1.1 and1.2 for determination, respectively, of the resistance of bonded joints to heat (creep test) and to peeling. This Section includes methods for preparation of the adhesive and of the adherends. It covers most types of bonding used in
14、 the footwear industry except hot melt adhesive bonds which are covered in Section1.7. The types of bond include stuck-on bonds made by the use of applied adhesives (both solvent-based and water-based), injected-on bonds using thermoplastic sole materials, e.g.polyvinylchloride (PVC), thermoplastic
15、rubber, and moulded-on direct vulcanized rubber sole bonds. The methods of preparation are applicable to a wide variety of combinations of materials, but the peel and creep tests of Sections1.1 and1.2 require at least one adherend to be flexible. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in thi
16、s standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Principle Rectangular pieces of adherend materials are prepared and bonded to form a test assembly from which the test specimens required by Sections1.1 and1.2 can be cut. Bonding may be by one of the following means: a) by the use of heat reactivate
17、d solvent-based adhesive; b) by the use of heat reactivated water-based adhesive; c) by injection moulding of thermoplastic rubber or PVC; d) by direct moulding-on a vulcanizing rubber compound. A paper or tape insert is incorporated in each bonded assembly to provide non-bonded legs which can be gr
18、ipped. 3 Apparatus and materials 1)3.1 Cutting device, consisting of a sharp hand knife. 3.2 Roughing device, consisting of either: a) a sharp rotary wire brush, with wire of0.375mm diameter(28SWG) and having a linear roughing speed of10m/s to25m/s; b) 80grit abrasive paper, complying with BS871 and
19、 mounted on a roller with a surface speed of10m/s to25m/s. 3.3 Cotton wool pad 3.4 Solvent for surface preparation, consisting of either methyl ethyl ketone (preferred) or ethyl acetate (allowed). 3.5 Strip of paper or adhesive tape 3.6 Solvent based halogenation primer 3.7 Brush, with stiff bristle
20、s and with no metal parts or metal-coated parts. 3.8 Brush, with soft bristles and with no metal parts or metal-coated parts. NOTEThere are indications that traces of some metals will degrade or catalyse degradation of some constituents of some primers, hence the requirement that the brushes do not
21、contain metal parts or metal-coated parts. 4 Preparation of adherends 4.1 General 4.1.1 Preparation and techniques To form a strong bond it is usually necessary to prepare the surface of the adherend so as to remove contaminants and weak surface layers, thereby rendering the bonding surface accessib
22、le to, or compatible with, the adhesive. The most common techniques are roughing of the surface by mechanical means and cleaning of the surface by wiping with a suitable solvent. Clauses4.1.3 and4.1.4 give the techniques for these two preparation methods. Clause4.2 gives the preparation method which
23、 is appropriate for the different adherends together with instructions relating to priming. 4.1.2 Number and size of test assemblies 4.1.2.1 Creep testing 4.1.2.1.1 Produce sufficient test assemblies so that, for each test condition being investigated (see clause9 of Section1.1:1991), 15 test specim
24、ens30.0 0.5mm by approximately100mm can be cut from the test assemblies. 4.1.2.1.2 Mechanical surface preparation (referred to as roughing) often produces irregular edges. Consequently, where roughing of adherend material is required (see4.1.1) first cut the adherend material using a suitable cuttin
25、g device (3.1) into rectangles approximately70mm by100mm (preferred) or approximately70mm by a multiple of100mm (allowed) in order that the test assemblies will be of the dimensions shown in Figure 1 orFigure 2. Cut the adherend material in the same direction for each test assembly. 1) For informati
26、on on the availability of suitable apparatus and materials including adherends to perform this test, apply to Enquiry Section, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK146LE quoting the number of this standard and the clause number referring to the items concerned. Enclose a stamped addressed envelope for rep
27、ly.BS5131-1.3:1991 2 BSI 11-1999 4.1.2.1.3 Where roughing of adherend material is not required (see4.1.1) either: a) prepare the specimens in accordance with4.1.2.1.2; or b) cut the adherend material into rectangles30.0 0.5mm by approximately100mm. Thus, the test assemblies will be of the dimensions
28、 shown inFigure 1, Figure 2 orFigure 3. Cut the adherend material in the same direction for each test assembly. NOTE 1Preparation in accordance with4.1.2.1.2 ensures that all the edges of the test specimens will be cut after mechanical surface preparation of the adherend has been carried out, thereb
29、y ensuring that the test specimens do not have any irregular edges. NOTE 2In a few cases the direction of cutting affects the peel strength result, notably polyurethane (PU) coated fabric uppers and cellulose board insoles. In such cases, treat each cutting direction as a different test condition. 4
30、.1.2.2 Peel testing Produce sufficient test assemblies so that, for each test condition being investigated (see Section1.2), four test specimens30.0 0.5mm by approximately50mm can be cut from the test assemblies. Proceed as described in4.1.2.1.2 and4.1.2.1.3, but with these dimensions, in order that
31、 the test assemblies will be of the dimensions shown inFigure 4, Figure 5 orFigure 6. 4.1.3 Roughing Support the rectangles of material on a smooth flat block and rough the surface to be bonded in two directions, each of which is parallel to the subsequent direction of peeling or bond separation and
32、 each of which is from the approximate centre of the non-bonding area to the edge of the rectangle, as illustrated inFigure 1,Figure 2, Figure 4 or Figure 5. Rough using a suitable roughing device(3.2). Ensure that the face to be bonded is roughed over its entire area. In the case of the test assemb
33、lies for the creep test, ensure that the surface is level at the boundary where the two directions of roughing meet or overlap. (See note1.) In the case of the test assemblies for the peel test, ensure that the boundary where the two directions meet or overlap is within that area which will be subse
34、quently covered by the paper or tape insert. (See note2.) NOTE 1The adherends are bonded to each other at the boundary where the two directions of roughing overlap but provided that there are no apparent ridges or troughs (which could be produced if there was material which had not been roughed, or
35、had been heavily roughed twice at a place where roughing overlapped) the test results will not be affected. NOTE 2The adherends are not bonded to each other at the boundary where the two directions of roughing overlap, this being prevented by the paper or adhesive tape insert. 4.1.4 Solvent wiping S
36、oak a cotton wool pad(3.3) with the solvent(3.4). Wipe the surface of the material to be bonded avoiding flooding but ensuring the removal of any contaminants. Leave the material for a sufficient time to permit evaporation of all solvent residues before bonding. NOTEEvaporation of solvent residues n
37、ormally takes about15min. 4.1.5 Insertion of paper or adhesive tape At a suitable point in the preparation procedure (that is, either immediately before or immediately after applying the adhesive) insert a strip of paper or adhesive tape(3.5). Insert it in the appropriate position on the adherend in
38、 order to permit the opening of the end of the test specimen thereby providing legs to enable the test apparatus to grip the two outer layers of the test specimen. If this insertion is carried out using paper and before adhesive is applied, staple the paper in place. Where it is desired in peel test
39、ing to measure the force necessary to break through the surface of an adherend, e.g.some coated fabrics, as well as the subsequent average peeling force, apply paper, by stapling, or adhesive tape before application of adhesive to that adherend. For peel testing where this is not desired, apply a st
40、rip of paper or adhesive tape at the appropriate position (as shown in Figure 1,Figure 2 andFigure 3) on one of the adherends, usually the upper material, at right angles to the direction of roughing after application of the adhesive. For injected-on PVC bonds, use adhesive tape: for direct moulded-
41、on rubber bonds, staple the paper insert to the upper material. NOTEThe use of adhesive tape or paper with a staple is to provide an insert which does not lift during moulding. The insert is subsequently bonded in the test assembly but will facilitate opening of the bond when the test specimen is te
42、sted.BS5131-1.3:1991 BSI 11-1999 3 NOTEImmediately after preparation, the non-bonding area of the test assembly will normally be lightly bonded. However, to illustrate the layers more clearly, figure (b) has been shown with the adherends separated. Figure 1 Preferred test assembly for creep testingB
43、S 5131-1.3:1991 4 BSI 11-1999 Figure 2 Plan of allowed test assembly for creep testingBS5131-1.3:1991 BSI 11-1999 5 NOTEImmediately after preparation, the non-bonding area of the test assembly will normally be lightly bonded. However, to illustrate the layers more clearly, figure (b) has been shown
44、with the adherends separated. Figure 3 Allowed test assembly for creep testing where mechanicalsurfacepreparationisnot requiredBS5131-1.3:1991 6 BSI 11-1999 4.2 Surface preparation methods for specific materials 4.2.1 Leather materials for upper and sole Apply the following treatment to each type of
45、 leather as follows. a) Upper leather. Remove the finish and the grain by roughing as described in4.1.3 until the strong fibres of the corium are exposed. b) Sole leather. Rough the flesh side and remove loose fibres. c) Reverse suedes and suede splits with a surface of raised corium fibres. Do not
46、carry out any preparation. d) Grain suedes. Remove the remainder of the grain by roughing as described in4.1.3 so as to produce a surface of raised corium fibres. e) Splits with a plastic finish. Rough as described in4.1.3 so as to produce a surface of raised corium fibres. f) Polyurethane (PU) coat
47、ed leathers. Using sufficient material to produce the number of test assemblies given in4.1.2, remove all the PU coat and any remaining leather grain by roughing as described in4.1.3. Use the same amount of material again, but in this case solvent wipe the surface as described in4.1.4 leaving the su
48、rface intact, thereby allowing a second set of test assemblies to be produced so as to determine whether the roughed material or the intact material gives a stronger bond. g) PVC coated leathers. Prepare by solvent wiping as described in4.1.4. Figure 4 Plan of preferred test assembly for peel testin
49、gBS 5131-1.3:1991 BSI 11-1999 7 Figure 5 Plan of allowed text assembly for peel testingBS5131-1.3:1991 8 BSI 11-1999 4.2.2 Rubber soling NOTERubber soling includes resin rubber, thermoplastic rubber, microcellular rubber, moulded rubber units and solid and blown gristle rubber. 4.2.2.1 General Depending on the type of adhesive, prepare the surface of the adherend as described in4.2.2.2, 4.2.2.3 or4.2.2.4, as appropriate, unless the adhesive manufacturer gives different instructions, e.g.the use of a special primer, in which case follow the
