1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED AUGUST 1992 BS 5131-2.7: 1980 Methods of test for Footwear and footwear materials Part 2: Solings Section 2.7 The preparation of test pieces from soling materials for physical testing NOTEIt is recommended that this Section should be read in conjunction with the informatio
2、n given in the General introduction to BS5131, published separately. UDC 685.31:620.1:685.312.122:620.115.8BS5131-2.7:1980 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Clothing Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Executive Board and comesinto effect
3、on 30 May 1980 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CLT/7 Draft for comment 78/35997 DC ISBN 0 580 11316 7 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsibl
4、e for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date)
5、 and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5131-2.7:1980 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Principle 1 4 Test piece thickness 1 5 Procedu
6、re for reduction of the thickness of solings and moulded test slabs 1 6 Preparation of moulded test slabs 2 7 Methods for production of test sheets from thicker material 2 8 Time intervals between moulding, test sheet preparation and test piece cutting 5 9 Cutting of test pieces 5 Figure 1 Test shee
7、t prepared by injection moulding 5 Figure 2 Cross section of press knife cutting edge 6ii blankBS5131-2.7:1980 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This Section describes the general procedures for the preparation of the test piece from shoe soles or soling materials, required for the physical tests of solings cov
8、ered by other Sections of this British Standard and for the tests relevant to solings in BS903 and BS2782. It does not describe the preparation of the special test pieces that are required for certain Sections of this British Standard. These are either described in the Sections concerned or, in the
9、case of the preparation of test pieces for adhesion tests, in Part1. This Section describes methods for the reduction of moulded soles or soling in sheet form to a uniform sheet of the thickness required for testing, the production of test slabs from injection mouldable or vulcanizable materials, th
10、e cutting of test pieces from the sheet or slab, and the time intervals that need to be allowed between sheet preparation and test piece cutting. 2 References This Section refers to the following standards publications: BS 903, Methods of testing vulcanized rubber. BS 2782, Methods of testing plasti
11、cs. BS 5131, Methods of test for footwear and footwear materials. BS 5131-2.1, Ross flexing method for cut growth resistance of soling materials. 3 Principle Sheets of the required thickness are prepared either by moulding, or from thicker soles or sheet material by splitting or scouring, and are of
12、 such a size that the individual test pieces can then be cut from them. The surfaces of the test sheet so prepared shall be as smooth and free from imperfections as possible. 4 Test piece thickness The thicknesses used for test pieces prepared from solings are preferably: a) solid rubber and plastic
13、s, and semi-expanded rubber, for most tests:2.0mm or3.0mm, tolerance 0.2mm; b) PVC and thermoplastic rubber, flexing (BS5131-2.1):3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0, or15.0mm, tolerance 0.2mm; c) cellular rubber and plastics solings:5.0 0.2mm; d) leather: tested at the thickness received. If the soling as received
14、 is not thick enough to allow a test sheet of the required standard thickness to be prepared from it, reduce it the minimum amount necessary to produce two smooth and uniform surfaces. Report the non-standard thickness of the test pieces with the test results. 5 Procedure for reduction of the thickn
15、ess of solings and moulded test slabs 5.1 Sheet soling of solid rubber or plastics. Where one surface of the sheet is smooth, this may be retained as a surface of the test sheet and all the excess thickness removed from the reverse side. Where there is a pattern on the wearing surface, first remove
16、sufficient from this side to eliminate the pattern completely and obtain a smooth surface, and then remove the remainder from the reverse side. 5.2 Moulded soles and units. Moulded soles and units usually have a pronounced surface pattern on the wearing surface and they may have supporting ribs or s
17、imilar features on the reverse side. Remove these surface irregularities completely from both sides and then the remainder of the excess thickness from the reverse side. In the case of moulded-on rubber soles it is important not to remove more than the minimum necessary amount from the wearing surfa
18、ce as in some cases there may be a degree of undercure of the sole next to the insole. 5.3 Cellular solings. Remove a layer0.5mm thick from the wearing surface. If any of the denser or solid surface skin then remains, remove a little more until it is eliminated. Remove the remainder of the material
19、from the reverse side. If the soling has a deep pattern or cleats on the wearing surface, remove these completely before removing the0.5mm surface layer. Where the cellular soling, as received, does not have a surface skin and the wearing surface has already been split to produce a uniform cellular
20、structure, it is not necessary to remove the0.5mm layer from this surface. It is desirable to carry out some tests on cellular solings (e.g. polyurethane) with the surface skin still present. In such cases, if the surface is smooth, remove all the material from the reverse side to obtain the specifi
21、ed test thickness. 5.4 Moulded test slabs. Slabs from injection mouldable plastics and thermoplastic rubber shall, wherever possible, be moulded to the test thickness required.BS5131-2.7:1980 2 BSI 10-1999 Slabs moulded from vulcanized rubber may, if desired, be moulded to the test thickness require
22、d, provided the surfaces of the slab so obtained are smooth and free from imperfections. Alternatively, since there may in some instances be difficulty in moulding to the exact thickness required, slabs can be moulded a little thicker and then reduced to the required thickness as specified in5.1. Mo
23、ulded cellular polyurethane slabs shall be moulded thicker (10mm is suggested) and then reduced to the test thickness, as specified in5.3. 6 Preparation of moulded test slabs 6.1 Moulded-on rubber. Use a mould consisting of a rectangular base with sides for holding the rubber blank during the mouldi
24、ng process and a lid for applying pressure and determining the thickness of the moulded assembly. The area of the rectangle shall be approximately that of a shoe sole: sides100mm to150mm are suggested. The mould may be made to produce a rubber slab of the required test thickness or, if preferred, a
25、slab that is a little too thick and which is then reduced to the standard thickness by the procedures described in7.2.1.1. The mould shall fit into a press with heated platens that is able to apply the required pressure. Use the following moulding conditions, unless the rubber manufacturers instruct
26、ions indicate that they are inappropriate for the material being moulded: Where these conditions are not used, give details of the revised conditions with the test report. NOTEThis clause relates to the preparation of compression moulded test slabs from rubber compounds which are used for the compre
27、ssion moulding-on of soles in the shoe factory, if test slabs of rubber compounds for injection moulding are required, it is preferable to test such materials in the form of factory prepared injection moulded soles or test slabs. 6.2 Plastics and thermoplastic rubber Wherever appropriate, prepare sl
28、abs by injection moulding using a commercial production machine rather than by compression moulding. If compression moulding is used, report this fact with the test results, since compression moulded slabs may give different results. A moulded slab of suitable shape and dimensions which has the inje
29、ction point at one end is illustrated inFigure 1. It is recommended that the slab be moulded to the specified thickness of the test pieces that are to be cut from it though, if necessary, part or all of a thicker slab may be reduced to produce thinner test pieces using the procedures described in7.2
30、.2 and7.2.3. 6.3 Cellular polyurethane. Although test slabs of cellular polyurethane can be moulded in the laboratory, it cannot be assumed that they will give the same test results as shoe soles prepared commercially from the same compound. Nor is it certain that the same basic technique can be use
31、d for all materials. Consequently, it is inappropriate in this standard to include a recommended procedure for their preparation. Where test slabs are produced, they should be about twice the standard test thickness (e.g.10mm), and then reduced to this thickness by the procedure described in7.2.4. 7
32、 Methods for production of test sheets from thicker material It is not possible to specify one preparation method that is applicable in all cases. Instead a number of techniques are described for removing excess material, followed by notes on procedures that have been found to be generally suitable
33、for different types of soling. In all cases the final test sheet shall be of uniform thickness with smooth surfaces. Occasionally, in certain difficult cases, it may be impossible to avoid a few imperfections in the surfaces, so when cutting out test pieces these shall be avoided or, if this is not
34、possible, positioned in the test piece where they will least affect the test result. 7.1 Aids to test sheet preparation 7.1.1 Bandsaw. This type of saw is particularly useful in the early stages of preparation of thick units (e.g. cellular polyurethane platform units) where much of the unwanted mate
35、rial from the non-wearing side can be sawn off. It is also useful for the removal of heels and wedges. 7.1.2 Wire brush roughing machine. This machine can be used for the rapid partial removal of heavy patterns or cleats on the wearing surface and walls of cavities on the non-wearing surface. 7.1.3
36、Bottom scourer. This machine is effectively a cylinder rotating about its axis with abrasive paper fixed to the curved surface. It can be used for the removal of fairly shallow surface patterns prior to splitting or surface grinding, and for the completion of the removal of heavy patterns or cleats
37、started by wire brush roughing, again prior to splitting or surface grinding. Platen temperatures : 150 5 C, for both Pressure over the cavity area : 4.0 0.5 MPa Moulding time : 10 minBS5131-2.7:1980 BSI 10-1999 3 7.1.4 Band knife splitter. This machine is used for reducing materials to the thicknes
38、s specified for the test sheet and for producing the smooth surfaces that are required for this sheet. It will deal with a wide variety of materials (though prewarming of very hard materials may be necessary) and usually produces excellent surface finishes provided the materials are reasonably level
39、 before splitting (i.e.are devoid of pattern or excessive undulation). It is particularly suitable for cellular polyurethane soles as it minimizes the heat build-up likely to be produced by scouring or buffing. Some band knife splitters can deal with quite thick materials to produce test sheets of u
40、p to15mm thickness, specially if modified to have a greater throat depth. However, it is recommended that the materials are reduced to the required thickness in successive stages on the splitter or by the initial use of buffing or other means. The final thickness shall always be checked with a thick
41、ness gauge. To reduce machine strain, the material to be split should be not more than about150mm wide. 7.1.5 Stationary knife splitter (bottom leather splitter). This may be the best machine to reduce some very hard rubbers, but in general it is not as good as a band knife splitter and is not suita
42、ble at all for some materials. 7.1.6 Surface grinders. Surface grinders of the types used in engineering are suitable for reducing most rubber solings to the specified test sheet thickness but cannot be used for thermoplastic materials because of heat build-up. They are not as simple or quick to use
43、 as band knife splitters, but cope satisfactorily with very hard rubbers for which band knife splitters may not be suitable. Vertical spindle grinders are usually quicker and easier to use than horizontal spindle types. The surface grinder shall be fitted with a good extraction system to remove the
44、fumes and dust. The soling being reduced shall be held securely on the grinding platform. A vacuum chuck and double-sided adhesive tape are both suitable for doing this. Only a small thickness of material should be removed at each pass of the grinding wheel, to minimize heat build-up and distortion
45、and to ensure a smooth buffed surface. 7.2 Preparation techniques for various types of soling 7.2.1 Rubber solings (solid) 7.2.1.1 Sheet solings and moulded test slabs. Sheets and moulded slabs shall be reduced to the required thickness by splitting or surface grinding. These preparation techniques
46、will remove surface patterns satisfactorily and easily, provided they are not too deep. For a deep pattern, removal of most of it by wire brush roughing or coarse scouring shall be effected before final preparation of the surface and reduction to the desired thickness. A few hard sheet rubbers may b
47、e too hard to be split at room temperature by a band knife splitter. For these a stationary knife splitter or surface grinder may be used, or the rubber may be warmed to make it easier to split on a band knife splitter. 7.2.1.2 Crpe rubber. This material is difficult to prepare but it can usually be
48、 split satisfactorily using the band knife splitter. Reducing the temperature of the softer grades of crpe rubber to less than0 C before splitting is beneficial. Surface grinding generates much heat and usually gives uncertain results. 7.2.1.3 Unit soles. Cleats and deep patterns on the wearing surf
49、ace and support ribs on the reverse side shall be removed by wire brush roughing followed by coarse scouring so as to produce a sheet with roughly level surface. This is then reduced to the specified test thickness, generally by removal of material from both sides, by splitting or surface grinding. If the reverse side of the unit is smooth and substantially level, it may be retained as one surface of the test sheet, in such cases a slight “dishing” of the reverse side of the unit near the edges is acceptable and need not be buffed off as it will not prevent a t
