1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5131-5.9: 1979 Methods of test for Footwear and footwear materials Part 5: Testing of complete footwear Section 5.9 Strength of top piece attachment to shoe heels NOTEIt is recommended that this Section should be read in conjunction with the information in the General introductio
2、n to BS 5131, published separately. UDC 685.31:620.1:685.312.139:620.17BS5131-5.9:1979 This British Standard, having beenprepared under the directionof the Clothing Standards Committee, was published underthe authority ofthe Executive Board on 31 January 1979 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references
3、 relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CLT/7 Draft for comment 77/35830 DC ISBN 0 580 10624 1 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Brit
4、ish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 4 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will
5、 be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5131-5.9:1979 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Reference 1 3 Principle 1 4 Apparatus and materials 1 5 Preparation of the heel and top piece 1 6 Procedure 3 7 E
6、xpression of results 3 8 Test report 3 Figure 5.9/1 Testing of high and medium heels. Side view of test assembly and section through heel 2 Figure 5.9/2 Testing of low heels 4ii blankBS5131-5.9:1979 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This Section describes a method for measuring the force required to detach the
7、top piece from the underside of the shoe heel. The test is applicable to heels with the top piece already attached which have been removed from complete shoes, to heels alone with the top piece attached and, in some instances, to heels with separate push-in top pieces. All heels, except reinforced s
8、lender heels with top pieces attached by steel spigots and built stacked heels, may be tested by this method. 2 Reference This Section refers to the following standards publication: BS 3692, ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. 3 Principle The top piece is pulled off by a steadily in
9、creasing force which is applied to its centre perpendicular to the top piece/heel interface. The top piece is first to be drilled to receive a bolt which is attached to one jaw of the tensile machine and the heel cut and drilled to attach it to the other jaw. Several heels need to be tested and the
10、results expressed individually as usually it is the lower values, rather than the average, which are the most important. 4 Apparatus and materials The following apparatus and materials are required. 4.1 Tensile testing machine, with a range of 0 N to 1000 N and a constant-rate-of-loading of15 5 N/s.
11、 A constant-rate-of-traverse tester, for which increase of force produces an appreciable movement of the load jaw (e.g. a “pendulum” tester), may be used if the rate of traverse is set to give, on average, the specified rate of force application when a test is carried out. Alternatively, a constant-
12、rate-of-traverse tester for which there is little movement of the load jaw may be used if the top piece is attached to one jaw of the tester via one or more extensible cords which are substantially elastic over the force range of the test and the rate of traverse is adjusted until the specified rate
13、 of force application is obtained. 4.2 Drill, with twist drill bits of suitable sizes (see 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.2). 4.3 Bolt, of size M4, or size M3 (as defined in BS 3692) for slender heels, and preferably of length 40 mm or more, with a small metal ring or loop attached to its head by brazing. If only
14、low heels are being tested, however, the bolt need not be longer than about 20 mm. 4.4 Rod, of diameter 2 mm and appropriate length, or one or more strong extensible cords, e.g. nylon shoe laces. 5 Preparation of the heel and top piece The form of the test piece needs to be varied according to the h
15、eight of the heels. For medium and high heels the type of test piece shown in Figure 5.9/1 is convenient, in which the heel is held by one cord or rod. For heels of less than about 20 mm in height this cord is likely to interfere with the bolt attached to the top piece. In such cases the form of att
16、achment shown in Figure 5.9/2 should be used. 5.1 Medium and high heels. The prepared test piece is illustrated in Figure 5.9/1. 5.1.1 It is permissible to test heels and top pieces supplied separately, provided the top piece can be attached in the laboratory by essentially the same method as in pro
17、duction. Push-in top pieces shall be inserted fully by pneumatic pressure. Some types of these top pieces are additionally attached by short nails inserted through holes moulded in the top piece. These also may be inserted in the laboratory, by hammering or pneumatic pressure, but the correct nail s
18、hall be used. The top piece may be attached by staples using a staple gun provided the staples are the same as those used in production. The attachment of the top piece may precede or follow the other details of the preparation described in 5.1.2, 5.1.3 and 5.1.4. 5.1.2 Cut through the heel stem par
19、allel to the top piece and approximately 30 mm from it, in order to gain access to the cavity and inner side of the top piece or top piece spigot. This may be done with the heel still attached to the shoe or, if preferred, the heel may be detached first by removing the heel attaching pins. For fairl
20、y low heels the amount cut off may be reduced to approximately 20 mm provided there is still enough room for the bolt (see 6.2). Otherwise the procedure for low heels described in 5.2 should be used. In the case of heels having the “Autoloc” type of top piece attachment which do not have a full heig
21、ht centre cavity in the stem, it is necessary to drill a hole down the centre of the stem from the cut surface to the “Autoloc” cavity or recess on the underside of the heel. The diameter of this hole should be not less than 10 mm. 5.1.3 Drill a hole vertically through the centre of the top piece ju
22、st large enough to accommodate a suitable bolt of the type described in 4.3.BS5131-5.9:1979 2 BSI 09-1999 5.1.4 Drill the heel stem horizontally from one side to the other approximately 5 mm above the cut surface, as shown in Figure 5.9/1, so that the drilled hole, which should be large enough to ta
23、ke the rod or cord described in 4.4, is parallel to the heel breast and passes through the vertical centreline of the top piece. 5.2 low heels. The prepared test piece is shown in Figure 5.9/2. Where the heel is attached to a shoe, remove it by extracting the heel attaching pins. Cut out any rib or
24、ribs across the centre cavity in the heel, taking care not to damage the top piece when doing this. Drill a hole vertically through the centre of the top piece just large enough to accommodate a suitable bolt of the type described in 4.3. Figure 5.9/1 Testing of high and medium heels. Side view of t
25、est assembly and section through heelBS5131-5.9:1979 BSI 09-1999 3 Drill two holes horizontally through the heel from one side to the other, large enough to take the cord described in 4.4. They shall be parallel to the heel breast, approximately 6 mm from the heel/top piece interface and approximate
26、ly 12 mm on each side of the centre of the top piece. 6 Procedure 6.1 Where a constant-rate-of-traverse tensile testing machine is being used, carry out a preliminary test using the procedure described in 6.2 to 6.5 to establish the rate of traverse which is necessary to produce a rate of force appl
27、ication of 15 5 N/s. For a constant-rate-of-loading machine simply set it to this specified rate. 6.2 Pass the bolt fully through the hole in the top piece from the outside and attach to it a suitable washer and nut. In the case of medium and high heels prepared as in Figure 5.9/1, screw on the nut
28、only until the end of the bolt just protrudes through it; if screwed on further, the end of the bolt may prevent the insertion of the rod or cord through the horizontal hole. The washer used should be almost as large as the cavity in the heel, the gap between the edge of the washer and the nearest p
29、art of the wall of the cavity being no more than 2 mm. 6.3 Attach the bolt to the upper jaw of the tensile testing machine. A loop of welding rod threaded through the ring on the bolt with its ends clamped in the jaws of the machine is a suitable way of doing this. 6.4 For medium and high heels, ins
30、ert a rod or cord horizontally through the hole in the heel stem and attach its ends symmetrically in the lower jaw of the machine. (If welding rod is used the ends can be bent and clamped in the jaw.) For low heels, insert two similar cords through the two drilled horizontal holes and clamp the fou
31、r ends symmetrically so that the heel is horizontal and will remain so during the test. (Cord is recommended in preference to rod for low heels because it is difficult to bend and clamp rod so that the heel is horizontal.) 6.5 Start the machine and record the highest force reached as the top piece i
32、s pulled out of the heel. For many low heels with large top pieces there will be an initial peak force corresponding to detachment of only part of the top piece. Record this force as well as the highest force reached before the top piece is detached completely. (In some cases the initial peak may be
33、 the highest force.) 6.6 Test five top piece/heel assemblies in this way. 7 Expression of results For each individual top piece/heel assembly quote the maximum force in newtons required to detach the top piece completely and the initial peak force (ifany). Also describe the types and positions of th
34、e failures corresponding to these recorded forces. 8 Test report Include the following items in the test report: a) the results, expressed in accordance with clause 7; b) the nature and full identification of the samples; c) reference to the method of test (i.e. BS 5131-5.9); d) the date of testing.
35、BS5131-5.9:1979 4 BSI 09-1999 Figure 5.9/2 Testing of low heelsblankBS 5131-5.9: 1979 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the int
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