1、BRITISH STANDARD BS5350-A1: 1976 Adherend preparation Incorporating Amendment No.1 Methods of test for Adhesives Part A1: Adherend preparation UDC665.93:620.1+665.93:620.115:621.792.02BS5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999 ISBN 0 580 09073 6 Foreword The performance of the test specimen can be influenced by the
2、 prior preparation of the surfaces, as the bond strength between the layer of adhesive and the surface of the adherend depends on the adhesive being in good physical contact with the adherend. The surface of the adherend should therefore be free from dirt, dust, grease, moisture, corrosion products
3、and other contaminants. Uniformity of surface should also be ensured. Where priming is needed to seal the surface, or to react with it, for the purpose of this British Standard it is considered to be part of the adhesive system and reference should be made to the specific instructions of adhesive ma
4、nufacturers. The procedures listed have been selected on the basis of giving good reproducibility. To simplify reference to preparation processes, these have been given an identification code. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British
5、 Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to7 and a back cover. This standard has been u
6、pdated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 6556 January1991 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page F
7、oreword Inside front cover 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 General principles 1 4 Reagents and solvents 1 5 Procedure 1 Table 1 General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials 3 Table 2 Treatment for higher standard of performance: squence of operations 6ii blankBS 5350-A
8、1:1976 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This Part gives information on procedures for surface preparation for test specimens of common adherends where the requirements are for a) general purposes; b) a higher standard of performance than for the general purposes covered by a). 2 References This Part makes refe
9、rence to the following standards publications: BS 871, Abrasive papers and cloths for general purposes. BS 1204, Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for wood. BS 2451, Chilled iron shot and grit. BS 3978, Water for laboratory use. CP 3012, Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces
10、. 3 General principles 3.1 General treatment 3.1.1 Preliminary cleaning. Gross contamination of the adherend surfaces, such as by dirt, paint, scale, grease etc., shall be removed by one or more of the following processes: a) degreasing with organic solvents by solvent wipe or vapour bath; b) degrea
11、sing with hot or cold buffered alkali solutions; c) mechanical processes including grit blasting, abrading with glass paper or emery cloth and use of a wire brush. After this treatment, all dust shall be carefully removed. 3.2 Treatment for a higher standard of performance 3.2.1 Grit blasting. This
12、gives a uniform clean surface. 3.2.2 Chemical processes. These are active chemical treatments to increase the free-energy level of the surface. They are normally applied to surfaces that have been subjected to a preliminary cleaning, as described in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 Examples of these treatments are a
13、cid and caustic etching solutions, anodizing and the production of other chemical films. 4 Reagents and solvents The chemicals used shall be of laboratory reagent quality or equivalent, and water complying with BS 3978 shall be used throughout. 5 Procedure 5.1 Preliminary cleaning processes. For gen
14、eral purposes, the test pieces shall be prepared, prior to assembly, by whichever of the preliminary cleaning processes listed in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 are appropriate; the appropriate cleaning and pretreatment sequences for common adherend materials are indicated in Table 1. 5.1.1 Degreasing processes 5.
15、1.2 Abrasion processes 5.2 Treatment where higher performance is required.If a higher standard of performance is required, the test piece shall be further treated by the appropriate process listed in 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Process Description A Degrease in chlorinated hydrocarbon vapour bath. B(i) Solvent
16、wipe with chlorinated hydrocarbon. B(ii) Solvent wipe with an aliphatic ketone. B(iii) Solvent wipe with aliphatic hydrocarbon. B(iv) Solvent wipe with aromatic hydrocarbon. B(v) Solvent wipe with alcohol. C Wash in warm aqueous solution of synthetic detergent (1.25 % m/m), rinse and dry in an air o
17、ven. D Immerse in a 2 % m/m aqueous solution of equal parts of sodium metasilicate and sodium carbonate containing a small amount of wetting agent. Process Description E(i) Abrade by grit blasting with abrasive of a size smaller than grade G.07 as specified in BS 2451. E(ii) Abrade by grit blasting
18、with angular non-ferrous abrasive of mean particle size less than 100 m. F(i) Abrade with emery cloth grade 00 as specifed in BS 871. F(ii) Abrade with emery cloth grade 0 as specified in BS 871. F(iii) Abrade with emery cloth grade 1 as specified in BS 871. F(iv) Abrade with glass paper grade 1 as
19、specified in BS 871. G Abrade with wire brush.BS5350-A1:1976 2 BSI 04-1999 5.2.1 Chemical treatments 5.2.2 Mechanical treatments Processes E(i) and E(ii) as in5.1.2 are suitable. 5.3 Cleaning and pretreatment sequences. Table 1 gives a list of common adherend materials with the appropriate general-p
20、urpose cleaning and pretreatment procedure. Table 2 gives a list of adherend materials with corresponding treatments that provide a higher standard of adhesion performance. 5.4 Prevention of contamination. Whenever possible, the bonding reaction should be carried out immediately after the cleaning a
21、nd pretreatment procedures in order to avoid contamination or other changes in the surface layer. If such action is not feasible, it is necessary to ascertain that any delay does not affect the final test results. Solution Constituents % m/m H Sulphuric acid (98.0%m/m) 27.6 Chromium trioxide (Cr0 3
22、)b Water (See methodO of CP3012) 5.0 to100 J Hydrochloric acid (36.0% m/m) Water 50 50 K Sodium dichromate 1.7 Sulphuric acid (98.0% m/m) 96.6 Water 1.7 L Sodium dichromate 4.4 Sulphuric acid (98% m/m) 88.6 Water 7.0 M Potassium dichromate 1.5 Sulphuric acid (98% m/m) 82.0 Water 16.5 N Orthophosphor
23、ic acid (88% m/m) 52 Industrial methylated spirit 48 O Hydrochloric acid (36%m/m) 43 Hydrogen peroxide 300g/l(100vol) 16 Formalin (40% m/m) 9 Water 33 P Sodium hydroxide 30 Water 70 Q Etching solutions based on metallic sodium are available from specialist firms R Sodium hydroxide 18 Sodium chlorite
24、 8 Trisodium orthophosphate 0.4 Water to 100 S Sodium hydroxide 2.0 Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 300 g/l(100vol) Water 95.5BS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999 3 Table 1 General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials The indicatorsa) tom) refer to notes given at the end of the tabl
25、e. w Applicable degreasing treatment x Applicable abrasuion treatment Adherend c) Degreasing a) Abrasion a) b) Degreasing after abrasion a) A B(i) B(ii) B(iii) B(iv) B(v) C D E(i) E(ii) F(i) F(ii) F(iii) F(iv) G A B(i) B(ii) B(iii) B(iv) B(v) C D Aluminium and alloys w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w
26、w w Asbestos boards (seeTable 2 and associated warning) Brass w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w w Bricks and non-glazed fired materials x Butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) w x x w Butyl rubber w x x w Cadmium w w w w w w w w x w w w w w w w w Carbon and graphite x x Cast iron w w w w w w w w x x w w w
27、w w w w w Cellular and expanded plastics or rubbers d) Cellulose acetate (CA) w x Cellulose nitrate w x w Cellulose, regenerated w x w Ceramics, unglazed w w x x Ceramics, glazed e) w w Chromium w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w w Chlorosulphonated polyethylene w x x Concrete x xBS 5350-A1:1976 4 BS
28、I 04-1999 Table 1General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials The indicatorsa) tom) refer to notes given at the end of the table. w Applicable degreasing treatment x Applicable abrasuion treatment Adherend c) Degreasing a) Abrasion a) b) Degreasing after abrasion
29、a) A B(i) B(ii) B(iii) B(iv) B(v) C D E(i) E(ii) F(i) F(ii) F(iii) F(iv) G A B(i) B(ii) B(iii) B(iv) B(v) C D Copper w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w w Glass w w w w w w w Glass fibre reinforced laminates w x x x Lead w w w w w w w w x w w w w w w w w Leather x x Melamine formaldehyde mouldings and
30、 laminates x x w Natural rubber w x x w Nickel w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w w Nitrile rubber w x x w Nylon x x x x w Phenol formaldehyde mouldings and laminates x x w Plaster x Polyacetals w x x w Polycarbonate w x x w Polychloroprene rubber w x x x w Polyester crosslinking resins w x x Polyeth
31、ylene (PE) f) w x w Polyethylene terephthalate film wBS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999 5 Table 1General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials The indicatorsa) tom) refer to notes given at the end of the table. w Applicable degreasing treatment x Applicable abrasuion trea
32、tment Adherend c) Degreasing a) Abrasion a) b) Degreasing after abrasion a) A B(i) B(ii) B(iii) B(iv) B(v) C D E(i) E(ii) F(i) F(ii) F(iii) F(iv) G A B(i) B(ii) B(iii) B(iv) B(v) C D Polymethyl methacrylate g) w x w Polypropylene (PP) w x w Polystyrene (PS) w x x w Polysulphide rubber w x x w Polyur
33、ethane rubber w x x w Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rigid or plasticized h) j) w w x x w w Silicone rubber i) w x x w Silver k) w w w w w w w w Steel, mild w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w w Steel, stainless Textiles, acrylic, cotton, flax, nylon, polyester, rayon l) w w w w w w w w x w w w w w w w w Ti
34、n w w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w w Titanium w w w w w w w x x w w w w w w w Tungsten carbide w w w w w w w w Wood m) x Zinc and alloys w w w w w w w w x w w w w w w w wBS5350-A1:1976 6 BSI 04-1999 Notes to Table 1 a) Where a range of degreasing or abrasion treatment is given, any one quoted may b
35、e used. b) After abrading, remove dust and debris with a clean brush or cloth. c) Certain adherends are amenable to additional pretreatments that can enhance the bond performance (see Table 2). d) Degrease as appropriate for the bulk polymer; for example, for expanded natural rubber see natural rubb
36、er. e) Heat to500 C before abrasion as an alternative to degreasing. f) Grit blast to E(ii) is applicable only to high-density material (HDPE). g) To prevent stress cracking, annealing is recommended, using the procedure of heating slowly at a rate of18 C per hour to between 87 C and93 C and maintai
37、ning at this temperature for a period of hours equal to the sheet thickness in millimetres multiplied by a factor of0.32. After this period, reduce the temperature slowly by12%C per hour. h) Grit blast to E(i) and E(ii) is applicable only to rigid PVC. i) Apply silicone primer after degreasing and a
38、brading. j) Degreasing with B(iii) may be safer treatment for plasticized PVC. k) Remove tarnish before degreasing. l) No treatment normally required. m) Abrade the surface to be bonded with at least four double strokes parallel to the direction of the grain with a flat block to which a suitable abr
39、asive material, such as glass paper of grade1 as specified in BS871, has been firmly attached. Table 2 Treatment for higher standard of performance: sequence of operations Adherend Degrease Abrade Degrease Further treatment Aluminium and alloys a Any method of Table 1 Immerse for30min in solutionH a
40、t60 C to65 C. Wash with clean cold water, then hot water. Dry in hot air. (Temperature of water and air not higher than65 C.) Asbestos board b Prime with diluted adhesive or low-viscosity primer. Bricks and nonglazed fired materials G Prime with diluted adhesive or low-viscosity primer. Cellulose Ac
41、etate B(v) F(i) Warm for1h at100 C and apply the adhesive to adherend before it cools to ambient temperature. Ceramics, glazed B(i) or C Prime with silane based primer. Chromium Any method of Table 1 F(i) Any method of Table 1 Immerse for1min to5min in solutionJ at90 C to95 C. Wash with clean cold w
42、ater followed by hot water. Dry in hot air. Concrete Remove surface layer and prime with diluted adhesive. Copper Any method of Table 1 R Immerse in solutionR at90 C to100 C for10min to15min. Wash thoroughly and dry. Glass Solvent wipe or C Immerse for10min to15min in solution K at room temperature.
43、 Wash thoroughly and dry. Nickel Any method of Table 1 F(ii) Etch for5s in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature. Wash with clean cold water, then hot water. Dry with hot air. Plaster F(ii) Prime with a solution of resins or diluted adhesive. Polyethylene B(ii) Immerse for60min to90min in sol
44、ution L at room temperature. Wash thoroughly and dry. Polypropylene B(ii) F(ii) Immerse for10min to15min in solution M at room temperature. Wash thoroughly and dry. PTFE Chemical treatment Q a There is evidence to suggest that alkaline degreasing yields higher subsequent bond efficiency. b WARNINGBr
45、eathing asbestos dust is dangerous to health and precautions have to be taken during the manufacture and use of these products. Particular note has to be taken of the Asbestos Products (Safety) Regulations 1985, made under the Consumer Safety Act 1978 and of the Asbestos (Prohibitions), Regulations
46、1985 made under the Health and safety at Work etc. Act 1974, which prohibit the supply of products containing amosite or crocidolite and set out requirements for the labelling of all products containing asbestos. All the above legislation implements European Directives. Parallel regulations for Nort
47、hern Ireland came into force on 6 March 1986.BS5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999 7 Table 2Treatment for higher standard of performance: sequence of operations Adherend Degrease Abrade Degrease Further treatment Steel, mild Any method of Table 1 E or F(ii) Immerse for10min in solutionN at60 C. Brush off black
48、 deposit under running water with a clean stiff bristle brush. Heat for1h at120 C. Alternatively etch electrolytically in dilute sulphuric acid as in methodH of CP3012. Steel, stainless a Any method of Table 1 F(ii) Immerse for10min to30min in solutionO then wash with clean cold running water. Titan
49、ium a Any method of Table 1 except A F(ii) Any method of Table 1 except A Immerse in solutionS at65 C to70 C for20min or until the surface is blue-black. Wash thoroughly and dry. Tungsten carbide Any method of Table 1 Immerse for10min in solutionP at80 C to90 C. Was Wash with cold water, followed by hot water. Dry with hot air. a There is evidence to suggest that alkaline degreasing yields higher subsequent bond efficiency.BS5350-A1: 1976 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent natio
