1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990
2、Incorporating Amendment No. 1 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 41. Code of practice for design and construction of sheep buildings and pensBS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990 Issue 2, September 1996 This British Standard, havin
3、g been prepared under the direction of the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 December 1990 BSI 1990 First published, as BS 5502 : Section 2.2, 1981 Second edition, as BS 5502 : Part 41, Decem
4、ber 1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FHB/1 Draft for comment 88/14766 DC ISBN 0 580 18943 0 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected 9238 September 1996 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Committees responsible for t
5、his British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee (FHB/-) to Technical Committee FHB/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Engineering Research Aggregate Concrete Block Assoc
6、iation Brick Development Association British Cement Association British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Poultry Federation Limited British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Veterinary Association British Wood Preserving
7、 Association British Woodworking Federation Cold Rolled Sections Association Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Fibre Cement Manufa
8、cturers Association Limited Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Local Authority Organizations Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Steel Construction Institute Timber R
9、esearch and Development AssociationBS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990 1 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword 2 Code of practice 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Animal welfare considerations 3 4 Design and construction 3 5 Environment 4 6 Dimensions and space 4 7 Feeding and drinking ar
10、rangements 4 8 Services 5 9 Handling 5 10 Fire precautions 6 11 Safety signs and notices 6 Tables 1 Minimum floor areas for housed sheep 4 2 Trough lengths for housed sheep 5 Index 72 BS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990 Foreword This Part of BS 5502 has been prepared under the direction of the Farm and Horticu
11、ltural Buildings Standards Policy Committee. This Part together with BS 5502 : Parts 40, 42, 43 and 49 is a revision of BS 5502 : Section 2.2 which is withdrawn. While BS 5502 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure the standard into the following broad subject a
12、reas: Part 0 Introduction and consolidated index Parts 10 to 19 Reference information and legislation Parts 20 to 39 General design Parts 40 to 59 Livestock buildings Parts 60 to 79 Crop buildings Parts 80 to 99 Ancillary buildings More specifically, the livestock building series will comprise: Part
13、 40 Code of practice for design and construction of cattle buildings Part 41 Code of practice for design and construction of sheep buildings and pens Part 42 Code of practice for design and construction of pig buildings Part 43 Code of practice for design and construction of poultry buildings Part 4
14、9 Code of practice for design and construction of milking premises Part 50 Code of practice for design, construction and use of storage tanks and reception pits for livestock slurry Part 51 Code of practice for design and construction of slatted, perforated and mesh floors for livestock Part 52 Code
15、 of practice for design and construction of emergency ventilation systems for livestock buildings A more detailed description of the new structure of BS 5502 is given in Part 0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly characterized, and related subject mat
16、ter , whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together . It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS 5502 to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS 5502 th
17、at the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.3 BS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990 1) Published by the Ministry of Agricult
18、ure, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. 2) In preparation. Code of practice 1 Scope This Part of BS 5502 gives recommendations for buildings and pens used for the housing of sheep. NOTE. The titl
19、es of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in BS 6100 apply. NOTE. Work has commenced on a further Part of BS 5502 (Part 10) which will be a glossary of terms for buildings and struct
20、ures for agriculture. 3 Animal welfare considerations 3.1 Attention is drawn to the provisions of the current edition of Codes of recommendations for the welfare of livestock Sheep 1) . 3.2 All buildings should be designed, constructed and maintained so as to avoid discomfort, distress or injury to
21、sheep. All fittings and surfaces accessible to livestock should not have sharp edges or projections and fittings should be arranged so as to avoid injury. 3.3 A well drained lying area, preferably with some form of bedding, over the whole of the occupied area, should be provided. 3.4 An area with pr
22、ovision for some form of heating, so that weak lambs can be kept warm, should be provided. 4 Design and construction 4.1 Design 4.1.1 The building or structure should be designed and constructed in accordance with the general principles and recommendations given in BS 5502 : Parts 20, 21, 23 and 25
23、2) . 4.2 Occupancy The types and ages of the sheep to be housed, and periods during which the various parts of the building or buildings are subject to human occupation should be taken into account in the design (see BS 5502 : Part 22). 4.3 General construction of buildings All surfaces and fittings
24、 that may come into contact with sheep should be free from projections, edges or perforations that could cause damage to the animal or serious loss of wool from its fleece. Shoulder boards should be provided around major projections. The materials for internal surfaces should be chosen so as to faci
25、litate cleaning and the maintenance of general hygiene. 4.4 Floors Floors should be either slatted, perforated or mesh construction and designed in accordance with BS 5502 : Part 51 2) or be solid. Solid floors should provide a porous or drained base for bedding. All floors should have a slip resist
26、ant surface. Slatted, perforated or mesh floors should be self-cleaning to the extent that they do not get blocked. Floors should be installed so as to permit suitable means and frequency of cleaning beneath them: often they need to be 600 mm above a sub-floor and constructed of removable panels to
27、facilitate mechanical mucking out. For design loading see BS 5502 : Part 22. Recommended floor constructions are as follows. a) For solid floors, free draining base material such as brick, stone, gravel, or earth, laid with a fall of 1 in 70 is acceptable. However a paved floor in concrete with a fa
28、ll of 1 in 20 is preferable to facilitate cleaning out. b) Slatted, perforated or mesh floors should be selected to ensure that they remain stable in use and draughts from under the floor should be prevented. Care should be taken in the choice of slatted, perforated or mesh floors intended for young
29、 lambs. Newly born lambs should not be kept on slatted, perforated or mesh floors. 4.5 Walls and roof 4.5.1 Upper wall and roof construction should exclude wind, rain and snow whilst allowing maximum ventilation. 4.5.2 Ventilation can be provided by large openings in the sidewalls. In the case of wa
30、lls this may be accomplished by a large eaves overhang rather than by ventilated cladding. When ventilated claddings, which will provide protection from wind and driven rain, are used to cover such openings the free area of opening required for good ventilation should not be restricted. 4.5.3 On sit
31、es that are very exposed it may be advisable to have hinged or sliding wall panels to cope with extremes of weather. 4.5.4 Very small spans may give inadequate shelter and very large spans inadequate air and moisture movement. Spans in the range 9 m to 15 m are generally preferred. The eaves height
32、should be greater than 3.0 m. 4.5.5 Walls should be draught proof to at least 1.2 m above the highest sheep floor level. Due allowance should be made for bedding if this will accumulate. If no information is available, a total bedding allowance of 0.500 m should be made.4 BS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990 Ta
33、ble 1. Minimum floor areas for housed sheep Type of sheep Housing, age or mass Perforated floor area per animal Solid floor (with straw) area per animal m 2 m 2 Lambs Individually penned 2.1 Group housed 1.5 Creep area at 2 weeks 0.15 Creep area at 4 weeks 0.4 Hoggs 23 kg 0.4 0.6 32 kg 0.6 0.8 Ewes
34、with lambs Individually penned 2.2 Groups, 45 kg ewe 1.0 1.3 Groups, 68 kg ewe 1.4 1.7 Grouped, 90 kg ewe 1.7 1.8 Pregnant ewes Grouped, 45 kg ewe 0.8 0.9 Grouped, 68 kg ewe 0.9 1.2 Grouped, 90 kg ewe 1.1 1.4 NOTE. Interpolation is permissible between the masses given, but not outside the range. 4.5
35、.6 Consideration should be given to the exterior roof colouring of all livestock buildings, bearing in mind that light colours have solar reflective advantages over dark colours. 4.6 Workmanship Workmanship should be in accordance with BS 8000. 5 Environment 5.1 Environmental conditions Sheep, other
36、 than young lambs, can adapt to a variety of environmental conditions. Housed stock, however, have less opportunity to choose a location suitable to their needs. The overwhelming need is for good ventilation rather than warm conditions. However, draughts and wet conditions should be avoided. The tem
37、perature within the building should be no higher than that outside except that low localized heat may be beneficial for sick lambs or shorn lambs. 5.2 Lighting Sheep have no special need for lighting, so sufficient lighting need be provided only for them to see to move about freely and for them to b
38、e seen clearly. Where possible, adequate lighting should be provided for the needs of stockmen with additional lighting (local or portable) available for satisfactory examination of stock, with a standard service illumination of about 300 lx. 6 Dimensions and space 6.1 Dimensions 6.1.1 Dimensions sh
39、ould be selected to ensure: a) adequate ventilation and shelter; b) adequate space for stock; c) convenient access for stock, workers and machinery; d) convenient grouping of stock; e) space for the erection of sufficient lambing pens, usually 12 pens per 100 ewes, or adequate creep areas where lamb
40、ing pens are not used; f) adequate and easily accessible feeding facilities. 6.1.2 Pen dimensions are frequently selected by reference to the length of feed face required per animal (see 7.1). This usually results in long shallow pens. The minimum floor area should be as given in table 1. The height
41、 of internal pen divisions should be not less than 1.0 m. 6.1.3 To facilitate management, grouping of stock is recommended. Recommended group sizes are 50 for lowland breeds and 80 to 100 for hill breeds. Lambing ewes should be penned in groups of 10 to 20 with creeps for lambs. 7 Feeding and drinki
42、ng arrangements 7.1 Feeding arrangements The feed trough, feed face or hayrack should provide appropriate capacity related to the type of feed and the intervals between filling and should have sufficient width of access to allow all the stock to eat simultaneously (except at self-feed silage faces o
43、r where ad lib feeding is used). The lengths of feed troughs and hayracks per sheep should be as given in table 2.5 BS 5502 : Part 41 : 1990 Table 2. Trough lengths for housed sheep Type of sheep Mass of animal 1) Feeding ration/system Compounds Ad lib hay/silage and twice a day feeding Big bale sil
44、age, self-feed kg mm mm mm Hogg 23 300 125 100 32 350 150 100 45 400 175 100 Ewe 45 400 175 100 60 450 200 150 90 500 225 150 1) Interpolation is permissible between the masses given but not outside the range. NOTE. Floor level movable boxes with forage-retaining grids are preferred to hayracks on s
45、latted floors. 7.2 Drinking arrangements Sheep should have access to ample fresh water at all times and each pen should have drinking facilities. Water troughs and drinkers should be designed and installed in such a way as to minimize fouling (see BS 3445). Water troughs should be located so as to p
46、revent young lambs from falling into the trough. The supply and container should be adequately protected from frost so that the stock is not deprived of water for any appreciable time. 8 Services 8.1 General Electrical services, water supply and drainage should be installed in accordance with BS 550
47、2 : Part 25. 8.2 Electricity Attention should be paid to the protection of electrical wiring and equipment against the ingress of moisture, dust and corrosive gases. Wires should be so positioned and protected as to prevent damage by the housed stock and handlers. Damage caused by rodents should be
48、borne in mind when selecting cables and deciding on their location. Particular attention should be paid to the earth bonding of all metalwork in livestock buildings, since most farm animals will react to voltage too low for humans to notice. 8.3 Water supply Water is essential for all livestock and
49、it is essential that they are not deprived of water, except for medical reasons. Attention therefore needs to be paid to the protection of water supplies from hazards such as mechanical damage or freezing. If there is any doubt about the security of water supply, water storage tanks, with sufficient capacity to supply all the animals needs for a minimum period of 24 h, should be provided. Water from such tanks should be readily accessible. 8.4 Drainage arrangements Where a drainage system is needed, it should be capable of effectively handling the total waste production of
