1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502-42: 1990 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 42: Code of practice for design andconstruction of pig buildingsBS5502-42:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standard
2、sPolicy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 31December1990 BSI 09-1999 First published, as BS5502-2.2:1981 Second edition, as BS5502-42 December1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FHB/1 Draft fo
3、r comment88/14767DC ISBN 0 580 18944 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee (FHB/-) to Technical Committee FHB/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: AF
4、RC Institute of Engineering Research Aggregate Concrete Block Association Brick Development Association British Cement Association British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Poultry Federation Limited British Precast Concrete Fed
5、eration Ltd. British Veterinary Association British Wood Preserving Association British Woodworking Federation Cold Rolled Sections Association Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Farm and Ru
6、ral Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Fibre Cement Manufacturers Association Limited Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Local Authority Organizations Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Insti
7、tution of Chartered Surveyors Steel Construction Institute Timber Research and Development Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 9421 March 1997 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS5502-42:1990 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover
8、Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Animal welfare considerations 1 4 Design and construction 1 5 Environment 2 6 Dimensions and space 4 7 Feeding and drinking arrangements 4 8 Services 5 9 Ancillary accommodation 6 10 Fire precautions 7 11 Safety signs and notices 7 Index 9 Figure 1 Farrowing a
9、ccommodation 8 Table 1 Recommended maximum thermal transmittance (U) value for pig building structural components 1 Table 2 Environmental conditions for pigs 3 Table 3 Maximum allowable gas concentrations in occupied buildings 4 Table 4 Minimum floor areas for pigs loose housed in groups 4 Table 5 M
10、inimum trough lengths for simultaneous feeding 4 Table 6 Waste storage for pigs 5 Table 7 Minimum areas for warm environment creeps 6 Table 8 Typical dimensions of sow stalls and cubicles 6 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5502-42:1990 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS5502 has bee
11、n prepared under the direction of the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee. This Part together with BS5502-40,BS5502-41,BS5502-43 andBS5502-49 is a revision of BS5502-2.2 which is withdrawn. While BS5502 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restruct
12、ure the standard into the following broad subject areas: Part0:Introduction and consolidated index; Parts10to19:Reference information and legislation; Parts20to39:General design; Parts40to59:Livestock buildings; Parts60to79:Crop buildings; Parts80to99:Ancillary buildings. More specifically, the live
13、stock building series will comprise: Part40:Code of practice for design and construction of cattle buildings; Part41:Code of practice for design and construction of sheep buildings and pens; Part42:Code of practice for design and construction of pig buildings; Part43:Code of practice for design and
14、construction of poultry buildings; Part49:Code of practice for design and construction of milking premises; Part50:Code of practice for design, construction and use of storage tanks and reception pits for livestock slurry; Part51:Code of practice for design and construction of slatted, perforated an
15、d mesh floors for livestock; Part52:Code of practice for design and construction of emergency ventilation systems for livestock buildings. A more detailed description of the new structure of BS5502 is given in Part0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly
16、characterized, and related subject matter, whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together. It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS5502 to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. It has been assumed in the
17、drafting of this Part of BS5502 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are resp
18、onsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has b
19、een updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5502-42:1990 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS5502 gives recommendations for buildings used for the housing of pigs and more specifically for the h
20、ousing of sows and sows with litters. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in BS6100 apply. NOTEWork has commenced on a further Part of BS5502 (Part10) which will be
21、 a glossary of terms for buildings and structures for agriculture. 3 Animal welfare considerations 3.1 Attention is drawn to the provisions of the current edition of “Codes of recommendations for the welfare of livestock Pigs” 1) . 3.2 All buildings should be designed, constructed and maintained so
22、as to avoid discomfort, distress or injury to pigs. All fittings and surfaces accessible to livestock should not have sharp edges or projections and fittings should be arranged so as to avoid injury. 3.3 Good floor design and adequate maintenance are of paramount importance. The lying area should al
23、ways be kept dry and pen floors, particularly the dunging area, should be drained effectively. Sows with litters should not be housed on totally slatted, perforated or mesh floors. The use of bare concrete, and perforated or slatted floors, particularly when badly maintained can cause severe problem
24、s, such as lameness or damage to the feet. NOTEVeterinary advice should be sought if any of these abnormalities occur. 4 Design and construction 4.1 Design 4.1.1 The building or structure should be designedand constructed in accordance with the general principles and recommendations given in BS5502-
25、20,BS5502-21,BS5502-22,BS5502-23 andBS5502-25 2) . 4.1.2 Pens, isolation boxes and other accommodation for the housing of fractious animals should be robust in construction and have suitable safeguards for the protection of stockmen and a means of escape, should any potentially dangerous situation a
26、rise. 4.1.3 Materials used in the construction of pig buildings should be selected to be resistant to vermin. 4.2 Occupancy The types and ages of the pigs to be housed, and periods during which the various parts of the building or buildings are subject to human occupation should be taken into accoun
27、t in the design (see BS5502-22). 4.3 General construction of buildings 4.3.1 All surfaces and fittings that may come into contact with a pig should be protected against gnawing and rooting (see also 3.2). The design of the building and the materials used in its construction should facilitate effecti
28、ve cleaning and disinfection, including pressure hosing. Particular attention should be paid to the electrical installation in this respect. Surfaces that gather dust should be avoided. 4.3.2 Adequate insulation should be provided, in floors, walls, doors, windows, ceilings and roofs as appropriate,
29、 to enable the recommended temperatures to be achieved by balancing the heat input to the building from the pigs (and with the minimum use of artificial heating, lamps, etc.) with the heat loss through the structure and by ventilation. 4.3.3 Consideration should be given to insulating floors to ensu
30、re that they are of a comfortable temperature. All insulation should be protected by a vapour check (see BS5502-20). Insulation material liable to be damaged by rodents or other pests should be suitably protected. Recommended maximum values for thermal transmittance are given inTable 1. Table 1 Reco
31、mmended maximum thermal transmittance (U) value for pig building structural components Whether or not a building needs to be heated may be determined by the structural insulation, and an appraisal of structural heat loss in relation to ventilation heat loss should be carried out. 1) Published by the
32、 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. 2) In preparation. Building component Heated buildings Unheated buildings W/(m 2 K) W/(m 2 K) Roof 0.5 0.6 Walls 0.5 0.6 Floor Floors
33、adjacent to (i.e.within1m) of perimeter walls should provide thermal transmittance values comparable with the adjacent wall.BS5502-42:1990 2 BSI 09-1999 4.4 Floors and roof 4.4.1 Floors may be slatted, perforated or mesh and designed in accordance with BS5502-51 3)or they may be solid. All floors sh
34、ould have a slip resistant surface and should not present a hazard to stock. Solid floors may need to be insulated if used with an average depth of less than75mm of straw or other litter. 4.4.2 Consideration should be given to the exterior roof colouring of all livestock buildings, bearing in mind t
35、hat light colours have solar reflective advantages over dark colours. 4.5 Walls Walls for pig buildings should normally be built with a damp-proof course and be capable of being effectively cleaned and disinfected. They should be capable of withstanding gnawing and the lateral pressures and impact l
36、oads imposed by pigs and pressure washers. 4.6 Workmanship Workmanship should be in accordance with BS8000. 4.7 Fittings Adequately constructed and secure fittings should be used for restraining animals. 5 Environment 5.1 Environmental conditions The air temperatures at which pigs should be housed d
37、epend upon liveweight, the level of feeding, the size of the group housed, the air velocity over the pig, the type of floor and the thermal properties of the building structure. A method for evaluating the temperatures needed has been developed (see “The ventilation and temperature control criteria
38、for pigs. Environmental aspects of housing for animal production”) and has been used as a basis for determining the temperatures shown inTable 2. The lower and upper critical air temperatures have been determined for the liveweights, planes of nutrition, group sizes and types of floor shown. In all
39、cases the air velocities have been assumed to be at the minimum speed to prevent chilling. Increasing the air velocity results in an increase in the lower and upper critical air temperatures. 5.2 Ventilation 5.2.1 Ventilation should be provided both to remove or dilute the level of aerial contaminan
40、ts (such as noxious gases, dust and pathogenic organisms) and to control (within limits) the air temperature within the building. The minimum ventilation rates shown inTable 1 are calculated on the basis that the carbon dioxide concentration should not rise above0.3% inside the building. In some cir
41、cumstances, however, other contaminants may become the limiting factor(see5.2.2). The maximum ventilation rates shown inTable 1 are calculated on the basis that the upper critical air temperature of the pigs should not be exceeded when the outside air temperature is24 C and that the total heat produ
42、ction within the building is that produced by the pigs alone with20% added to account for solar heat gain. 5.2.2 Relative humidity has virtually no effect on animal performance in normal UK conditions, but levels above80% might prolong the life of airborne bacteria which can cause damage to the resp
43、iratory tracts of pigs. 5.2.3 Gas concentrations may in some circumstances become the limiting factor and ventilation rates may then have to exceed those needed to keep carbon dioxide to a reasonable concentration (0.3%). Increased concentrations may occur when slurry is agitated or removed; maximum
44、 ventilation then becomes necessary. Slurry should not be agitated below occupied buildings because high concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and methane may be produced. Normally, gas concentrations should not exceed the maximum allowable gas concentrations given inTable 3. The ventilation s
45、ystem and its controls should include the following features: a) precise control of minimum ventilation rate to prevent excessive feed or heating costs; b) good air circulation to facilitate the removal of contaminants and the distribution of fresh air; c) good wind resistance or protection to preve
46、nt adverse effects due to external wind pressures and flows; d) controls and sensors, fixed and located so as to avoid physical damage (e.g. from stock, condensation, cleansing or moving equipment) and to ensure correct conditions at animal level; 3) In Preparation.BS5502-42:1990 BSI 09-1999 3 e) eq
47、uipment readily cleaned so that dust accumulation has a minimal effect on sensors, controls, moving parts, ducts, etc.; f) an alarm system to warn of power failure or excessive rise or fall in temperature; g) an automatic or manual arrangement to ensure that reasonable conditions will persist after
48、a power failure or breakdown of equipment. Adequate alternative ventilation and an alternative power supply should be considered. Table 2 Environmental conditions for pigs Stock Mass of animal up to Maintenance feed level Group size Type of floor Critical air temperature Ventilation rate per pig Max
49、. air speed in winter Lower Upper Min. Max. Kg m C C m 3 /h m 3 /h m/s Dry sows 140 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 5 5 5 Concrete Concrete slats Concrete Straw 21 20 17 13 35 33 32 30 14 14 14 14 70 90 100 120 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Farrowing sows 140 4 4 4 1 1 1 Concrete Perforated metal Straw 14 12 7 32 29 27 20 20 20 135 230 420 0.25 0.25 0.25 Young pigs 1.5 4 4 10 10 Concrete Straw 24 16 34 24.5 1 1 5 148 Still air Still air 10 3 3 3 10 10 10 Concrete Perforated metal Straw 21 19 14 32 28 26 3 3 3 20 40 105 Still air Still air Stil
