1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5699-1: 1979 ISO 4331: 1977 Processed photographic film for archival records Part1: Specifications for silver-gelatin type on cellulose ester base ISO title: Photography-Processed photographic film for archival records Silver-gelatin type on cellulose ester base Specifications UD
2、C 77.025:930.25:772.132BS5699-1:1979 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Photographic Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Executive Board and comesinto effect on 28February1979 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on t
3、his standard: Committee reference PHS/18 Draft for comment75/63444 DC ISBN0 580 10654 3 Cooperating organizations The Photographic Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and in
4、dustrial organizations: Aslib Association of Manufacturers and Suppliers for the Graphic Arts Association of Photographic Laboratories British Broadcasting Corporation British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society* British Photographic Association* British Printing Industries Federation Charte
5、red Institution of Building Services Drawing Office Material Manufacturers and Dealers Association* Graphic Reproduction Federation Her Majestys Stationery Office* Institute of Incorporated Photographers Ltd. Institute of Reprographic Technology* Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. Ministry of Defence
6、 Photographic Dealers Association Post Office Royal Photographic Society Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British
7、 Standard: Microfilm Association of GreatBritain Ordnance Survey University of London Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5699-1:1979 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and field of a
8、pplication 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Physical requirements controlled by the film manufacturer 2 5 Physical properties controlled by the manufacturer and by the processor 2 6 Thiosulphate concentration 3 7 Test methods 3 Annex A Film processing 7 Annex B Effect of residual chemicals in the
9、developed silver image 7 Annex C Microscopic blemishes 8 Bibliography 8 Table 1 Limits for flexibility and flexibility loss 2 Table 2 Limits for mushiness value loss after accelerated ageing 3 Table 3 Limits for thiosulphate concentration 3 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS5699-1:1979 ii
10、BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Photographic Standards Committee and is identical withISO4331 “Photography Processed photographic film for archival records Silver-gelatin type on cellulose ester base Specifications” published by the In
11、ternational Organization for Standardization (ISO). This British Standard will form one of a series of standards dealing with specifications for processed film for archival records and attention is drawn toPart2 of this standard (being published simultaneously) dealing with silver-gelatin type on po
12、ly(ethylene terephthalate) base. Attention is also drawn to the following standards in course of preparation. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication, without deviation, as a British Standard. Some terminology and certain conv
13、entions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is especially drawn to the following. The comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Wherever the words “Internati
14、onal Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be interpreted as “British Standard”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard
15、 does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. BS Practice for the storage of processed safety photographic film (Identical withISO5466 a ) BS Silver image photographic paper prints for record purposes: storage conditions (Identical withISO6051 a ) a In course of preparation. Cross-refe
16、rences International Standard Corresponding British Standard ISO 417:1977 a BS 5706:1979 Methods for determining thiosulphate and other residual chemicals in processed film, plate and papers: methylene blue photometric method and silver sulphide densitometric method (Identical) ISO 543:1974 BS 850:1
17、971 Special requirements for cinematograph film designated as “safety film” (Related) a With reference to footnote1),clause2, ISO417 is now published. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. Th
18、is standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5699-1:1979 BSI 10-1999 1 0 Introduction Since1930, great advances have been made in the use of photographic films for the preservatio
19、n of records. The preservation of film records by governments, banks, insurance companies, industry and other enterprises has been stimulated by a recognition of the economies in storage space, organization, accessibility, and ease of reproduction that result from the use of film records. During the
20、 early development period of the art of copying documents,35mm nitrate motion-picture film was sometimes used. This material is highly flammable and deteriorates rapidly under unfavourable storage conditions. Nitrate film is not acceptable for any archival record use. The manufacture of nitrate film
21、 declined after World WarII and was discontinued in most countries during the1950s. For many years, the only films suitable for archival storage were made on some type of cellulose ester base. Various synthetic polymer film bases have since appeared. The useful life of cellulose ester type material
22、extends back only to about1908. Experience with the film during that time and the results of accelerated ageing tests and other studies predict, however, that the material is capable of enduring as long as rag paper under normal storage conditions. This International Standard is intended to eliminat
23、e possible hazards to permanence attributable to the chemical or physical characteristics of the processed film. Some of those characteristics are the responsibility of the film manufacturer, some of the film processor, and some are influenced by both. However, specifying the chemical and physical c
24、haracteristics of the material does not, by itself, ensure satisfactory archival behaviour. It is essential to provide proper storage temperature and humidity and protection from the hazards of fire, water, fungus and certain atmospheric pollutants. 1 Scope and field of application 1.1 This Internat
25、ional Standard establishes the specifications for safety cellulose ester type films having silver-gelatin type emulsions processed to produce a stable black-and-white photographic image. 1.2 Silver images produced by full reversal processing are included. Silver images that have been chemically alte
26、red by treatments such as toning, reduction, or intensification are excluded. Colour films are excluded. However, a gold protection treatment is not excluded. Silver images produced by dry processing, diffusion transfer, monobath processing and halide reversal processing are also excluded. 1.3 This
27、International Standard is applicable to microfilm, motion-picture film roll film, and sheet film intended for archival record films. 1.4 Lacquers and lubricants have been applied to processed film for fungus and scratch protection without any known detrimental effect on permanence. However, because
28、of the wide variety of possible materials, lacquered and lubricated film are excluded from this International Standard. 2 References ISO417, Photography Determination of thiosulphate and other residual chemicals in processed photographic films, plates and papers Methylene blue photometric method and
29、 silver sulphide densitometric method 1) . ISO543, Cinematography Motion-picture safety film Definition, testing and marking. ISO5466, Photography Practice for the storage of processed safety photographic film 2) . 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definiti
30、ons apply. 3.1 archival record film a photographic film composed and treated so that under optimum storage conditions it is suitable for the preservation of records having permanent value (See ISO5466.) 3.2 film base the plastic support for the emulsion and backing layers 3.3 safety cellulose ester
31、base a film base composed mainly of cellulose esters of acetic, propionic, or butyric acids, or mixtures thereof 1) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision ofISO/R417.) 2) In preparation.BS5699-1:1979 2 BSI 10-1999 3.4 emulsion layer the silver-gelatin image layer of the processed film 3.5 non-c
32、url backing layer a layer, usually made of gelatin, applied to the side of the film base opposite that of the emulsion layer for the purpose of preventing curl. It is comparable to the emulsion layer in thickness and is not removed in processing. (Antihalation or other layers removed in processing a
33、re excluded from this definition.) 3.6 mushiness; wet penetration strength a term used to indicate the wet strength of emulsion and backing layers. It is the minimum force on a stylus required to penetrate the emulsion surface. A high mushiness value denotes a high wet strength 4 Physical requiremen
34、ts controlled by the film manufacturer 4.1 Film base type The base used for archival record film shall be of safety cellulose ester type and can be identified by the method specified in7.1. 4.2 Viscosity retention The relative viscosity of a solution of film base obtained from processed film shall n
35、ot show a loss which exceeds5% as the result of accelerated ageing of the processed film. The accelerated ageing shall be accomplished as specified in7.2 and the viscosity determined as specified in7.3. 4.3 Ignition time The film shall meet the requirements for ignition time specified inISO543. 4.4
36、Burning time The film shall meet the requirements for burning time specified inISO543. 4.5 Nitrate nitrogen content The film shall not contain more than0,15% nitrate nitrogen, as determined by the method specified inISO543. 4.6 Free acidity and acidity increase The film shall not have a free acidity
37、 greater than the equivalent of0,5ml of0,1N sodium hydroxide solution per gram of film when measured as specified in7.4. The volume of0,1N sodium hydroxide solution equivalent to the free acidity of the processed film shall not increase by more than0,5ml over its original value after accelerated age
38、ing as specified in7.2. 4.7 Layer adhesion 4.7.1 Tape-stripping adhesion The processed film shall not show any removal of the emulsion layer or backing layer when tested as specified in7.5. 4.7.2 Humidity-cycling adhesion The emulsion layer or backing layer of the processed film shall not show separ
39、ation or cracking which would impair its intended use, when tested as specified in7.6. 5 Physical properties controlled by the manufacturer and by the processor 5.1 Flexibility and flexibility loss The film samples shall be processed and dried under the conditions used for the film records. 3) 5.1.1
40、 Film 0,18 mm and less in thickness Processed film shall withstand the number of double MIT folds specified in line1 ofTable 1 when tested as specified in7.7. The loss in folding endurance after accelerated ageing, as specified in7.2, shall not exceed the percentage specified in line2 of Table 1. 4)
41、 Table 1 Limits for flexibility and flexibilityloss 3) Film can be made brittle by drying at too high a temperature. 4) The increase in the limits for percentage fold loss with increase in film thickness is necessary because the test is less precise when the number of folds is small. Characteristic
42、Total film thickness Under 0,13mm 0,13 to 0,18mm 1 Unheated film Minimum permissible average number of double MIT folds 20 10 2 Film after accelerated ageing Maximum permissible average loss in folds 25% 35%BS5699-1:1979 BSI 10-1999 3 5.1.2 Films greater than 0,18 mm in thickness Unheated processed
43、film and processed film after accelerated ageing, as specified in7.2, shall not break or crack when tested for flexibility as specified in7.8. 5.2 Mushiness loss The processed film shall not show a loss in the mushiness value of the emulsion and backing layer which exceeds the percentage specified i
44、nTable 2 as the result of accelerated ageing of the processed film. The mushiness value shall be determined as specified in7.9 and the accelerated ageing shall be determined as specified in7.2. Table 2 Limits for mushiness value loss after accelerated ageing 5.3 Blocking Processed film shall show no
45、 evidence of blocking (sticking), delamination, or surface damage when tested as specified in7.10. A slight sticking of the film samples which does not result in physical damage or a change in the gloss of the surface shall be acceptable. 5.4 Image stability The film image shall show no degradation
46、which would impair the film for its intended use, when tested as specified in7.11. 6 Thiosulphate concentration This characteristic is determined by the processing conditions. (SeeAnnex A.) Films may be fixed in solutions containing either sodium thiosulphate or ammonium thiosulphate.3 After process
47、ing, the film shall not contain a greater concentration of residual thiosulphate calculated as thiosulphate ions,S 2 O 3 , than that specified inTable 3, when determined as specified inISO417.9 Table 3 Limits for thiosulphate concentration The analysis for thiosulphate shall be made on a film sample
48、 from a clear area and shall be made within2weeks after processing. (SeeAnnex B.) The test method does not measure any change in the sample between the time of processing and the time of analysis but is used to judge the keeping of the film following the time of the test. Films having a photographic
49、 layer on both sides of the base, or films having a photographic layer on one side and a non-curl backing layer on the reverse side, are permitted the specified concentration of residual thiosulphate in each side of the film. Films are classified according to two broad classes of graininess inTable 3. If the graininess of the film is not known, a sample of the exposed and processed film should be examined under a comparison microscope at20 magnification or greater, along with samples whose classifications according to graininess are
