1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 5837:2012Trees in relation to design,demolition and construction RecommendationsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicat
2、es when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 69917 7ICS 65.020.40; 91.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/213Draft for comment 11/30213641 DCPublication historyFi
3、rst published January 1980Second edition, December 1991Third edition, September 2005Fourth (present) edition, April 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 5837:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiiIntroduction 11 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Terms and definitions 34 Feas
4、ibility: surveys and preliminary constraints 44.1 General 44.2 Topographical survey 44.3 Soil assessment 54.4 Tree survey 54.5 Tree categorization method 84.6 Root protection area (RPA) 105 Proposals: conception and design 115.1 General 115.2 Constraints posed by existing trees 115.3 Proximity of st
5、ructures to trees 135.4 Arboricultural impact assessment 145.5 Tree protection plan 155.6 New planting design and associated landscape operations 166 Technical design 186.1 Arboricultural method statement 186.2 Barriers and ground protection 196.3 Site monitoring 237 Demolition and construction in p
6、roximity to existing trees 237.1 General 237.2 Avoiding physical damage to the roots during demolition orconstruction 237.3 Tree protection during demolition 247.4 Permanent hard surfacing within the RPA 257.5 Special engineering for foundations within the RPA 267.6 Subterranean construction within
7、the RPA 277.7 Underground and above-ground utility apparatus 288 Site works, landscape operations and management 298.1 General 298.2 Drainage 298.3 Topsoil quality and amelioration 298.4 Soil compaction and remediation measures 308.5 Use of mulch 308.6 Hard surfaces 318.7 Use of herbicides 328.8 Tre
8、e management 32AnnexesAnnex A (informative) General advice for other interested parties 34Annex B (informative) Trees and the planning system 38Annex C (normative) Measurement of tree stems 39Annex D (normative) Root protection area 40Bibliography 41List of figuresFigure 1 The design and constructio
9、n process and tree care 2Figure 2 Default specification for protective barrier 20Figure 3 Examples of above-ground stabilizing systems 21Figure C.1 Measurement of tree stems 39BRITISH STANDARD BS 5837:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iList of tablesTable 1 Cascade chart for tree quality a
10、ssessment 9Table 2 Identification of tree categories 10Table3Trenchless solutions for differing utility apparatus installationrequirements 28Table A.1 Minimum distance between young trees or new planting andstructure to avoid direct damage to a structure from future tree growth 35Table B.1 Delivery
11、of tree-related information into the planning system 38Table D.1 Root protection areas 40Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 42, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5837:2012ii The British Standards Institution 2
12、012ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 April 2012. It wasprepared by Technical Committee B/213, Trees and tree work. A list oforganizations represented on this commi
13、ttee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 5837:2005, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges: takes account of current practice regarding planning fo
14、r the management,protection and planting of trees in the vicinity of structures, and for theprotection of structures near trees; updates the guidance in relation to building regulations; recognizes the contribution that trees make to climate change adaptation.This British Standard provides recommend
15、ations and guidance forarboriculturists, architects, builders, engineers, and landscape architects. It is alsoexpected to be of interest to land managers, contractors, planners, statutoryundertakers, surveyors, and all others interested in harmony between trees anddevelopment in its broadest sense.A
16、nnex A contains general information which is expected to be of use todevelopers, builders and engineers.Use of this documentThis British Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations.It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care shouldbe taken to ensure that cla
17、ims of compliance are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions is entrusted t
18、o appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.BSI permits the reproduction of BS 5837:2012, Figure 2 and Figure 3, to ensurecompliance with the standard (e.g. when seeking planning consent).Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented
19、in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5837:2012 The Brit
20、ish Standards Institution 2012 iiiContractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.Trees are gi
21、ven special consideration under the statutory planning system and incivil case law, and their protection can change with time. It is advisable to seekexpert advice on the legal implications for any plans or projects that fall withinthe scope of this British Standard.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5837:2012iv Th
22、e British Standards Institution 2012IntroductionTrees can offer many benefits, including: providing visual amenity, softening or complementing the effect of the builtenvironment, and adding maturity to new developments; displaying seasonal change and providing opportunities for wildlife inbuilt-up a
23、reas; making places more comfortable in tangible ways by contributing screeningand shade, reducing wind speed and turbulence, intercepting snow andrainfall, and reducing glare.Trees are also important elements of green infrastructure, contributing to urbancooling through evapo-transpiration and prov
24、iding micro-climatic effects thatcan reduce energy demands in buildings. They therefore represent a keyresource that can significantly contribute to climate change adaptation.Existing trees are an important factor on construction sites, whether on or nearthe working areas, and trees are a material c
25、onsideration in the UK planningsystem (see Annex B). This British Standard is intended to assist decision-makingwith regard to existing and proposed trees in the context of design, demolitionand construction. Root systems, stems and canopies, with allowance for futuremovement and growth, need to be
26、taken into account in all projects, includingthose that do not require planning permission. The space required for anyproposed new trees to become established is an important consideration.During their lifetime, trees will be vulnerable to disturbance, injury,environmental changes, pests and disease
27、s. Construction work often exertspressures on existing trees, as do changes in their immediate environmentfollowing the construction. A tree that has taken many decades to reachmaturity can be damaged irreparably in a few minutes by actions that might beunwitting, negligent or wilful (see Annex A).
28、The early provision of physicalprotection from damage is therefore critical.Where tree retention or planting is proposed in conjunction with nearbyconstruction, the objective should be to achieve a harmonious relationshipbetween trees and structures that can be sustained in the long term. The goodpr
29、actice recommended in this British Standard is intended to assist in achievingthis objective.The standard follows a logical sequence of events that has tree care at the heartof the process. This is summarized as a flow diagram in Figure 1. The fullsequence of events might not be applicable in all in
30、stances; for example, aplanning application for a conservatory might not require the level of detailthat needs to accompany a planning application for the development of a sitewith one or more dwellings.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5837:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 1Figure 1 The design and con
31、struction process and tree care* The design development stage D in particular is an iterative process, responding to and resolving constraints asthey emerge but, once completed, there needs to be a high level of certainty for proposed outcomes.* See Commentary on Clause 6.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5837:201
32、22 The British Standards Institution 20121 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations and guidance on the relationshipbetween trees and design, demolition and construction processes.It sets out the principles and procedures to be applied to achieve a harmoniousand sustainable relationship betw
33、een trees and structures.The standard is applicable whether or not planning permission is required.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited app
34、lies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsBS 3998:2010, Tree work RecommendationsOther publicationsN1NATIONAL JOINT UTILITIES GROUP (NJUG). Guidelines for the planning,installation and maintenance of utility ap
35、paratus in proximity to trees.Volume 4, issue 2. London: NJUG, 2007.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 access facilitation pruningone-off tree pruning operation, the nature and effects of which are withoutsignificant adverse
36、 impact on tree physiology or amenity value, which is directlynecessary to provide access for operations on site3.2 arboricultural method statementmethodology for the implementation of any aspect of development that iswithin the root protection area (3.7), or has the potential to result in loss of o
37、rdamage to a tree to be retained3.3 arboriculturistperson who has, through relevant education, training and experience, gainedexpertise in the field of trees in relation to construction3.4 competent personperson who has training and experience relevant to the matter being addressedand an understandi
38、ng of the requirements of the particular task beingapproachedNOTE A competent person is expected to be able to advise on the best means bywhich the recommendations of this British Standard may be implemented.3.5 constructionsite-based operations with the potential to affect existing trees3.6 constru
39、ction exclusion zonearea based on the root protection area (3.7) from which access is prohibited forthe duration of a projectBRITISH STANDARD BS 5837:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 33.7 root protection area (RPA)layout design tool indicating the minimum area around a tree deemed toconta
40、in sufficient roots and rooting volume to maintain the trees viability, andwhere the protection of the roots and soil structure is treated as a priority3.8 serviceany above- or below-ground structure or apparatus required for utility provisionNOTE Examples include drainage, gas supplies, ground sour
41、ce heat pumps, CCTVand satellite communications.3.9 stemprincipal above-ground structural component(s) of a tree that supports itsbranches3.10 structuremanufactured object, such as a building, carriageway, path, wall, service run,and built or excavated earthwork3.11 tree protection planscale drawing
42、, informed by descriptive text where necessary, based upon thefinalized proposals, showing trees for retention and illustrating the tree andlandscape protection measures3.12 veteran treetree that, by recognized criteria, shows features of biological, cultural oraesthetic value that are characteristi
43、c of, but not exclusive to, individualssurviving beyond the typical age range for the species concernedNOTE These characteristics might typically include a large girth, signs of crownretrenchment and hollowing of the stem.BS 3998:20104 Feasibility: surveys and preliminary constraints4.1 GeneralAll p
44、lans should be to scale and should state to which ISO A paper size the scalerelates, as well as showing a scale bar and a north point. When plans are drawnin colour, they should carry the following statement (or similar): “The original ofthis drawing was produced in colour a monochrome copy should n
45、ot be reliedupon”.4.2 Topographical survey4.2.1 An accurately measured topographical survey should be undertakenshowing all relevant features.NOTE 1 A method of carrying out topographical surveys is given in RICSspecification Surveys of land buildings and utility services at scales of 1:500 andlarge
46、r 1.NOTE 2 Prior to commencing the topographical survey, it might be appropriate toseek the advice of an arboriculturist on its scope, particularly where there arewoodlands or substantial tree groups present.4.2.2 Where clearance of undergrowth is essential to facilitate the surveyprocess, it is imp
47、ortant that this is undertaken in consultation with relevantprofessionals, in order to avoid damage to, for example, arboricultural,archaeological or ecological features. Where appropriate, this should includeexpert attendance on site during the works.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5837:20124 The British Standa
48、rds Institution 20124.2.3 The survey should be made available as scale drawings and preferably alsoin a commonly recognized digital format. It should be used to inform all designand planning decisions.4.2.4 The survey should record:a) spot levels at the base of trees and throughout the site at an in
49、tervalappropriate to meet design requirements, recorded as a grid andinterpolated as contours, ensuring that any abrupt changes, embankments,ditch inverts and retaining features are recorded;b) the position of all trees within the site with a stem diameter of 75 mm ormore (see Note), measured at 1.5 m above highest adjacent ground level;NOTE In the case of woodlands or substantial tree groups, only individual treeswith stem diameters greater than 150 mm usually need be plotted.c) the position of trees with an estimated stem di
