1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 5908-2:2012Fire and explosionprecautions at premiseshandling flammable gases,liquids and dusts Part 2: Guide to applicable standardsand regulationsPublishing and copyright inf
2、ormationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 77877 3ICS 13.220.20; 71.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee r
3、eference EXL/23Draft for comment 12/30258581 DCPublication historyFirst published as PD 6686, March 2006First published as BS 5908-2, December 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 5908-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 13 Legislative b
4、ackground and the relationship with standards 23.1 Introduction 23.2 European legislation 23.3 UK legislation 33.4 Relationship between legislation and standards 34 European directives and harmonized standards 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Conformity assessment 44.3 Machinery Directive 15 44.4 ATEX Equipme
5、nt Directive 1 54.5 Construction Products Directive 17 64.6 Pressure Equipment Directive 16 75 UK legislation 75.1 Health and safety 75.2 Fire safety legislation 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 75.3 DSEAR 3, 4 85.4 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 37 115.5 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signa
6、ls) Regulations 1996 38 116 Assessment of fire and explosion hazards 126.1 Locations of special fire hazard 126.2 Toxic hazards of fire effluents 126.3 Classification of chemicals with fire hazards 136.4 Determining the characteristics of materials 136.5 Loss of containment 166.6 Controlling hazards
7、 166.7 Ignition sources 176.8 Control systems 216.9 Explosion protection 216.10 Fires in machinery and electrical equipment 226.11 Combustion plant 236.12 Special atmosphere furnaces 236.13 Pipework 236.14 Spray booths 246.15 Solids bulk handling equipment 246.16 Battery charging 256.17 Hydraulic sy
8、stems and fluids 256.18 Equipment for acetylene use 256.19 Equipment for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) services 267 Equipment for fire safety 267.1 Emergency lighting 267.2 Alarm system components and systems 277.3 Hand-held fire extinguishing equipment 287.4 Mobile fire extinguishers 287.5 Fire protec
9、tion systems 297.6 Water supplies, hydrants and equipment for use by the fire brigade 33Bibliography 34List of figuresFigure 1 Mark of explosion protection 5BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-2:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iList of tablesTable 1 Explosion protection categories: IEC and ATEX 18T
10、able 2 Classification of fire-resistant fluids 25Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5908-2:2012ii The British Standards Institution 2012ForewordPublishing informationThis
11、part of BS 5908 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 December 2012. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee EXL/23, Explosion and fire precautions inindustrial and chemical plant. A list of organizations represented on t
12、hiscommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis Part of BS 5908 supersedes PD 6686:2006, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsThis Part of BS 5908 is intended to be read in conjunction with BS 5908-1.Information about this documentBS 5908-2 constitutes a f
13、ull revision of what was the content of PD 6686:2006,Guidance on directives, regulations and standards related to prevention of fireand explosion in the process industries.As a guide, this Part of BS 5908 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specific
14、ation or a codeof practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and ge
15、neral informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a B
16、ritish Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-2:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 5908-2:2012This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 20121 ScopeThis part of BS 5908 gives guidance on the legislation
17、 and standards applicableto onshore industrial premises that handle significant quantities of flammablegases, liquids or dusts. It identifies the different strands of legislation that applyto those who supply, transport, store, or use such materials, and those whosupply plant and equipment for any o
18、f these activities, and provides a guide torelevant standards so that suppliers and users of products that create fire andexplosion hazards can identify which might be relevant to their activities.This part of BS 5908 does not cover offshore oil and gas production or coal orother mining activities,
19、and only references legislation and standards relevant tothe distribution and supply of natural gas where these are also relevant to otheractivities.Legislation and standards relevant to the storage and use of liquid fuels andliquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are, however, covered, as in many cases thes
20、e arealso relevant to chemicals with similar hazards which are not specifically used asfuels.The development of a hydrogen economy, with hydrogen either stored at veryhigh pressure or in liquid form, is at an early stage of development, and thisarea is also out of scope of this British Standard.NOTE
21、 There is, though, considerable activity within ISO in developing standards onhydrogen applications.Chemical processes might create fire and explosion hazards that are differentfrom those arising from the chemicals used in the process. The methodsassociated with assessing those hazards are not in ge
22、neral suitable forstandardization as they are too specific to the individual process. The issue ofchemical reaction hazards is considered in BS 5908-1.Some flammable liquids used in pressurized systems, such as hydraulic oils, canform flammable mists from small leaks in hosing or pipework. This scen
23、ario iscovered in the discussion of the legislation and standards applicable to thissituation.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard the following terms and definitionsapply.NOTE Definitions are compiled for ATEX standards, except in respect of electricalequipment in BS EN
24、13237. For electrical equipment intended for use in potentiallyexplosive atmospheres, definitions are provided in BS EN 60079-0. Some terms areset out in the ATEX Equipment Directive 94/9/EC 1.2.1 equipmentmachines, apparatus, fixed or mobile devices, control components andinstrumentation thereof an
25、d detection, or prevention systems which, separatelyor jointly, are intended for the generation, transfer, storage, measurement,control and conversion of energy or the processing of material, and which arecapable of causing an explosion through their own potential sources of ignitionNOTE This defini
26、tion effectively excludes items which have no power source ormoving parts. The ATEX guidelines 2 give examples of “borderline cases” showinghow this is intended to be applied. Hand-operated valves, tanks and hand tools aretherefore not within scope.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-2:2012 The British Standar
27、ds Institution 2012 12.2 explosive atmospheremixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in theform of gases, vapours, mists or dusts in which, after ignition has occurred,combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixture2.3 potentially explosive atmosphereatmosphere whic
28、h could become explosive due to local and operationalconditionsNOTE These definitions exclude conditions commonly found in chemical plant,where the system operates under conditions well removed from normal atmospherictemperature and pressure, or the air is excluded and an inert atmosphere is present
29、.The DSEAR Regulations 3, 4, however, require an assessment of the hazards fromdangerous substances, in whatever form they might be present. This recognizes thatnot all explosion hazards can be avoided by correct selection of ATEX equipment.Moreover, it is not practical or necessary to expect manufa
30、cturers to design ATEXequipment to be safe under any possible conditions that may occur in a processplant.2.4 protective systemsdesign units which are intended to halt incipient explosions immediately and/orto limit the effective range of explosion flames and explosion pressuresNOTE 1 Protective sys
31、tems may be integrated into equipment or separately placedon the market for use as autonomous systems.NOTE 2 This definition recognizes that the protective system, perhaps a flamearrester or explosion vent panel, could be made and sold by a manufacturerdifferent from that which supplied the equipmen
32、t requiring the system. It impliesthat it needs to be acceptable to sell equipment that is only safe if it is subsequentlyfitted by the user or installer with a protective system from another supplier.3 Legislative background and the relationship withstandards3.1 IntroductionFire and explosion hazar
33、ds exist wherever dangerous substances or combustiblesubstances are stored, transported, processed or used. Legal requirements areimposed on employers to ensure the safety of workers and others by minimizingthe risk of fires and explosions.Many sites in the chemical and energy sectors have comparati
34、vely fewemployees and are situated away from centres of population. Any fire orexplosion might therefore have a low risk of causing death or injury at suchsites, but employers still need to prevent incidents which can cause damage toequipment, loss of raw materials or products and, ultimately, a rea
35、l threat to theviability of their businesses. Accordingly, any package of protective measuresshould address the risks to both people and property.3.2 European legislationMuch European legislation is aimed at ensuring the effective operation of asingle market. To achieve this, the legislation specifi
36、es what is meant by “safe”for a vast range of products: from the comparatively simple, like a fireextinguisher, to the most complex of machines, such as a rotary printing pressemploying highly flammable gravure inks. National governments can then besatisfied that any such products are safe and can b
37、e sold within their countries.The provisions of European Directives are implemented by national legislation inall European Union (EU) member states, e.g. statutory regulations in the UK.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5908-2:20122 The British Standards Institution 2012The EU has developed worker protection legis
38、lation, which has as an objective,first, to ensure a reasonable minimum level of safety in the workplace, and,second, to prevent migration of manufacturing industry across the EU, to placeswhere safety standards are poor. Again, these Directives have been implementedin the UK by statutory regulation
39、s.3.3 UK legislationTraditionally, fire safety legislation as it applied to those in control of buildingsin the UK was seen as separate from health and safety, and was veryfragmented. The EU influence drew no such distinction, and the current UK firesafety legislation 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (see Clause 5) es
40、sentially implements general EUhealth and safety legislation as it applies to fire hazards in a broad range ofpremises.NOTE Almost all of this legislation has been separately implemented in NorthernIreland. Where necessary this can be obtained from the UK office of public sectorinformation at www.op
41、si.gov.ukFire hazards are also covered by the Building Act andRegulations 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. The provisions are not uniform across the UK,with differences between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland,but the equipment and products used in buildings are subject to EU singlemarket legisla
42、tion, so, for example, a fire door as a stand-alone item or a firealarm sounder still has to conform to European regulations and standards.3.4 Relationship between legislation and standardsIt is impractical to write into legislation all the technical details that relate tosafety and, to a large exte
43、nt, this work has been taken up by standards makingbodies, such as ISO, CEN/CENELEC and BSI.It is also impractical for those in charge of premises in the process industries tocheck every detail of equipment they buy. For them, standards supply a route toensuring that the equipment they procure is sa
44、fe for the intended purpose. It isexpected that this document will help users locate appropriate standards whenpurchasing equipment, and also when installing and operating it. It should alsobe useful to manufacturers of equipment, particularly where there are standardsthat supply different levels of
45、 technical detail or where there is no very specificstandard that applies to their products.4 European directives and harmonized standards4.1 IntroductionEuropean directives containing provisions relevant to fire and explosion safety ofproducts include the Machinery Directive 15, the ATEX Equipment
46、Directive 1,the Pressure Equipment Directive 16 and the Construction ProductsDirective 17. These directives contain high-level requirements, andCEN/CENELEC have provided detailed technical standards for meeting these.Normally, these European Standards are “harmonized”, which means formallyadopted by
47、 the EU as meeting the requirements of the relevant directives. If aproduct meets the requirements of the applicable standard, there is anautomatic presumption that it meets the corresponding directive. The officiallists of harmonized standards are on the EU commission main website:http:/ec.europa.e
48、u/enterprise/mobile/topics/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards-legislation/index_en.htmSome products fall outside the scope of particular standards. In these cases,manufacturers have to work to the less specific requirements of the directives.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-2:2012 The British
49、Standards Institution 2012 34.2 Conformity assessmentConformity assessment is the system by which a manufacturer demonstrates thatthey have applied the applicable standard(s) in designing and manufacturing aproduct, giving the user confidence that the product meets the legalrequirements. At its simplest, the manufacturer draws up a “declaration ofconformity” which lists standards used in the design, and fixes a “CE mark” tothe equipment, which is a legal claim of conformity to all the relevant directives.In support of this the
