1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 598-110:1998 Incorpora
2、ting Amendment No. 1 ICS 75.140; 93.080.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas Part 110: Methods of test for the determination of wheel-tracking rate and depthBS 598-110:1998 This Briti
3、sh Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November 1998 BSI 09-1999 First published March 1996 Second edition November 1998 The following B
4、SI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/510/1 Draft for comment 97/102878 DC ISBN 0 580 28210 4 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 10577 September 1999 Indicated by a sideline Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of
5、 this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/510, Road materials, to Subcommittee B/510/1, Coated macadam and hot asphalt, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers Association County Surveyors Society Department of the
6、Environment, Transport and the Regions (Highways Agency) Institute of Asphalt Technology Institute of Petroleum Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highways and Transportation Mastic Asphalt Council Ltd. Quarry Products Association Refined Bitumen Association Ltd. Road Surface Dressing Ass
7、ociation Scottish Office (Roads Directorate) Society of Chemical Industry Transport Research Laboratory United Kingdom Accreditation ServiceBS 598-110:1998 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Sampling 5 6 Preparing the
8、test specimen 5 7 Test procedure 6 8 Calculation and expression of results 6 9 Test report 7 Annex A (informative) Precision 8 Bibliography 9 Figure 1 Typical layout of wheel-tracking apparatus 2 Figure 2 Typical clamping assembly and mounting table 4 Table A.1 Precision values for wheel-tracking ra
9、te 8ii BSI 09-1999 BS 598-110:1998 Foreword This part of BS 598 has been prepared by Subcommittee B/510/1. It supersedes BS 598-110:1996, which is withdrawn. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and
10、competent people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This d
11、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9, and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment. BSI 09-1999 1 BS 598-11
12、0:1998 | | | 1 Scope 1.1 This part of BS 598 specifies a method for determining the susceptibility of bituminous materials to plastic deformation at high road temperatures under pressures similar to those experienced on the road. The method applies to any bituminous wearing course material laid at a
13、 nominal thickness of up to 50 mm and is carried out on samples cored from laid and compacted material. 1.2 The test is usually carried out at a temperature of either 45 C or 60 C, but other test temperatures can be used. NOTE 1 For research purposes, it may be necessary to determine the wheel-track
14、ing rate of laboratory-prepared and compacted mixtures. However, this requires a carefully controlled and detailed procedure for specimen preparation and compaction, which is not included in this standard, but which, it is hoped, will be described in a future Draft for Development. Nevertheless, wit
15、h the necessary changes, this method can be used for laboratory- prepared specimens. NOTE 2 Precision data determined from experiments are given in annex A. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of thi
16、s part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 598-100:1987, Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and
17、other paved areas Part 100: Methods for sampling for analysis. BS 598-104:1989, Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas Part 104: Methods of test for the determination of density and compaction. BS 903-A26, Physical testing of rubber Part A26: Method for deter
18、mination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD). BS 903-A57, Physical testing of rubber Part A57: Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters. BS 958, Specification for spirit levels for use in precision engineering. BS 1044-1, Specification for gauge blanks
19、 Part 1: Plug, ring and calliper gauges. BS 4372, Specification for engineers steel measuring rules. BS 5204-2, Specification for straight-edges Part 2: Steel or granite straight-edges of rectangular section. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 598, the definitions given in B
20、S 598-100:1987 apply, together with the following. 3.1 wheel-track deformation localized reduction in the thickness of a core caused by repeated passes of a loaded wheel 3.2 wheel-tracking rate rate, in millimetres per hour, at which the wheel- track deformation increases with time under repeated pa
21、sses of a loaded wheel over the last third of the test period 3.3 wheel-tracking depth total wheel-track deformation, in millimetres, developed over the 45 min of the test 3.4 test surface surface of the core on which the loaded wheel runs 3.5 test specimen a single 200 mm diameter core 3.6 test res
22、ult mean wheel-tracking rate and wheel-tracking depth determined, for a particular material and location, from the testing of six test specimens 3.7 load cycle two passes (outward and return) of the loaded wheel 4 Apparatus NOTE Any tolerances stated are working tolerances rather than manufacturing
23、tolerances, which would be expected to be tighter. 4.1 Wheel-tracking apparatus, consisting of a loaded wheel (see 4.2 and 4.3) which bears on a test specimen held on a reciprocating table (see 4.4). The table moves to and fro beneath the wheel (see 4.5) and a device (see 4.7) monitors the rate at w
24、hich wheel-track deformation develops in the surface of the core. Vertical play in the loaded wheel bearings and in the lever arm pivot point shall each be less than 0.25 mm. The centreline of the loaded wheel shall lie at an angle no greater than 1 to the direction of motion of the moving table. A
25、typical layout is shown in Figure 1.2 BSI 09-1999 BS 598-110:1998 Figure 1 Typical layout of wheel-tracking apparatus BSI 09-1999 3 BS 598-110:1998 | | | 4.2 Tyre, of outside diameter between 200 mm and 205 mm, fitted to the wheel. It shall be of rectangular section (50 1) mm wide, treadless and 10
26、mm to 13 mm thick. The tyre shall be of solid rubber with a hardness number of (80 5) IRHD units when tested in accordance with BS 903-A57. NOTE In cases of dispute over rubber hardness, pieces can be cut from the tyre. In such instances testing should be in accordance with BS 903-A26. 4.3 Weighted
27、cantilever arm, to apply a load to the wheel, under standard test conditions, of (520 5) N, measured at the level of the top of the core and normal to the plane of the sample table. 4.4 Reciprocating table, constructed so as to enable a test specimen (see 3.5) to be held firmly in place, with its up
28、per surface horizontal, and with its centre positioned to ensure symmetrical tracking motion in each direction. 4.5 Wheel-tracking machine, constructed so as to enable the test specimen to be moved backwards and forwards under the loaded wheel in a fixed horizontal plane. The centre of the contact a
29、rea of the tyre (4.2) shall describe simple harmonic motion with respect to the centre of the top surface of the test specimen, with a frequency of (21 0.2) load cycles per minute and a total distance of travel of (230 5) mm. NOTE This form of motion is most readily achieved by a reciprocating drive
30、 from a cam, but alternative drive mechanisms are satisfactory as long as the motion conforms to 4.5. 4.6 Carriage and frame, carrying marks that indicate the mid-point of traverse of the test specimen. Vertical movement at opposite corners of the carriage shall be less than 0.25 mm. 4.7 Device to m
31、easure the vertical position of the loaded wheel; either: a) automatic displacement measuring device connected to recording equipment, set to measure the vertical position of the wheel when the centre point of the test specimen is within 10 mm of the centre point of the loaded area at the mid-point
32、of traverse, the device having a range of not less than 20 mm and an accuracy of 0.1 mm; or b) deformation gauge, with a range of not less than 20 mm and an accuracy of 0.1 mm. NOTE The automatic displacement measuring device connected to recording equipment is preferred. 4.8 Means for temperature c
33、ontrol, such that the temperature of the test specimen during testing is uniform and maintained constant at the specified test temperature 1.0 C. NOTE One method of meeting this requirement is to locate the wheel-tracking apparatus within a constant-temperature room. 4.9 Abrasive disc circular saw,
34、capable of cutting and trimming cores to the required dimensions. NOTE A diamond-tipped saw blade is recommended. 4.10 Steel rule, conforming to BS 4372. 4.11 Callipers, conforming to BS 1044-1, capable of measuring the thickness of the core to an accuracy of 1 mm. 4.12 Clamping assembly, for holdin
35、g the test specimen firmly in place on the reciprocating table. NOTE 1 A suitable clamping assembly consists of a flat steel baseplate on to which a core can be bedded in a holding medium and held in place by plywood clamping blocks that are located by steel dowel pins and bolted to the baseplate (s
36、ee Figure 2). An alternative clamping assembly consists of a metal clamp of approximately 200 mm diameter. NOTE 2 It is recommended that several pairs of clamping blocks to accommodate cores of different diameter, close to, but not exactly, 200 mm, be provided. 4.13 Mounting table (optional), for th
37、e purpose of levelling the surface of the test specimen and assembling the baseplate and clamping blocks around it. NOTE A suitable mounting table is shown in Figure 2. 4.14 Release agent, for use with holding mediums such as polyester resin; e.g. liquid car polish. 4.15 Cleansing solvent, e.g. a mi
38、xture of 90 % acetone and 10 % kerosene (by volume), for cleaning the rubber tyre after use. 4.16 Holding medium, e.g. plaster of Paris or a polyester resin and hardener. 4.17 Containers, for mixing the holding medium. 4.18 Thermometer and/or thermocouples,o f appropriate range, which are capable of
39、 measuring to an accuracy of 0.2 C, for determining the temperature of the test specimen during conditioning and testing. 4.19 Sealing compound, mastic or heat-transfer silicone. 4.20 Thermometer, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 1 C over a range which includes 5 C to 30 C, for determining the
40、 temperature of the test specimen during storage. 4.21 Drill, with a masonry bit suitable for drilling small holes in asphalt specimens. 4.22 Spirit level, at least 100 mm long, conforming to BS 958. 4.23 Steel straight-edge, at least 300 mm long, conforming to BS 5204-2. 4.24 Hardboard or wooden pa
41、cking strips, approximately 290 mm long and 45 mm deep, of various thicknesses between 1 mm and 10 mm. 4.25 Talc or French chalk.4 BSI 09-1999 BS 598-110:1998 Figure 2 Typical clamping assembly and mounting table BSI 09-1999 5 BS 598-110:1998 5 Sampling 5.1 Coring The test specimens shall be cores o
42、f diameter 200 mm 5 mm and shall be taken in accordance with BS 598-100:1987, 7.2. The thickness of the wearing course of the core shall not differ from the nominal thickness by more than 10 mm. NOTE Six test specimens are needed to determine a wheel-tracking rate and a wheel-tracking depth in accor
43、dance with this standard. 5.2 Marking Each specimen shall be marked to indicate the direction of traffic flow. 5.3 Storage Cores shall be placed in storage at the laboratory within 48 h of extraction. If the storage period is less than 4 days, the storage temperature shall be within the range 08Ct o
44、2 58 C. For storage beyond 4 days, the temperature shall be within the range 08C to 58C. Cores shall be transported and stored with one of their flat faces resting on a horizontal surface, and shall not be stacked. The storage temperatures and times, including those for any period when the cores are
45、 on site, shall be recorded. 6 Preparing the test specimen 6.1 Test surface NOTE It is essential that the prepared test specimen has a flat test surface for the loaded wheel to run on, and a parallel flat surface to provide stable support underneath. 6.1.1 Chipped rolled asphalt For chipped rolled a
46、sphalt, the test surface shall be the underside of the wearing course, after any lower layers have been trimmed from the core (see 6.2). NOTE It is impossible to provide a suitable flat test surface on the upper surface of a rolled asphalt core containing chippings. 6.1.2 Other materials For any oth
47、er material which is laid without an application of chippings, e.g. asphalt concrete, dense macadam, high stone-content rolled asphalt, the test surface shall be the upper surface. 6.2 Trimming Trim cores to remove any unwanted road layers. Trim cores of chipped rolled asphalt using a circular saw t
48、o ensure that the resulting test surface is flat (see 6.1.1). When cores are trimmed, the thickness of the wearing course shall not be reduced by more than 5 mm. After trimming, measure the thickness in accordance with 6.5 and ensure that all cores conform to 6.6. NOTE It has been found experimental
49、ly that the thickness of a core does not have a significant effect on the wheel-tracking rate for wearing course materials traditionally used in the UK, provided that the thickness is about 35 mm to 55 mm. If thicker cores are used, the materials can exhibit some instability; if thinner cores are tested, the scope for wheel-track deformation is limited. A core which retains some of the lower layer will be more robust, and will not affect the test result if the wheel-tracking properties of the two materials are significantly
