1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-4.13: 1991 Methods of sampling and test for Carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 4: Cold ramming pastes Section 4.13 Determination of ash of baked rammed paste NOTEIt is recommended that this Section be read in conjunction with the general information in
2、 BS6043-4.0, published separately.BS6043-4.13:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Board and comes into effect on 30September1991 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references rela
3、te to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/24 Draft for comment 90/54853 DC ISBN 0 580 19733 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee (CIC/-) to Technical Committee CIC/24, upon
4、 which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. Chemical Industries Association Institute of Petroleum Refractories Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6043-4.13:1991 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Com
5、mittees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Materials 1 5 Sampling 1 6 Preparation of test sample of ramming paste 1 7 Procedure 1 8 Calculation and expression of results 2 9 Test report 2 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS6043-4.13:1991 ii
6、BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Section of BS6043has been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee to provide a method of test for cold ramming pastes used in the production of aluminium. There is no corresponding InternationalStandard; however, it is intended, upon publica
7、tion of this Section of BS6043, that it be offered to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for possible adoption as an International Standard. It is essential to use BS6043-4.1, BS6043-4.6and BS6043-4.7in conjunction with this Section of BS6043. This standard describes a method o
8、f test only, and should not be used or quoted as a specification defining the characteristics of a product. Reference to this Section should indicate that the method of test used is in accordance with BS6043-4.13:1991. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
9、contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 and 2, an inside bac
10、k cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6043-4.13:1991 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS6043describes a method for the determination of ash
11、 of baked rammed cold ramming pastes used in aluminium manufacture. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Principle A baked test piece is produced from a test sample of cold ramming paste by compaction under regulated conditions follow
12、ed by baking according to a defined programme. The test piece is crushed and ground to a powder and dried. A test portion of the dry powder is heated in a tared dish in a furnace at 700 C to constant mass. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus 3.2 Ramming apparatus and the other apparatus, a
13、s described in clause 4 of BS6043-4.7:1991. 3.3 Two silica dishes, approximately65mm in diameter and25mm in height, prepared by being heated in the electric furnace (3.6) at700 10 C for1h then allowed to cool to ambient temperature in a desiccator until required for use. 3.4 Jaw crusher, or other cr
14、ushing device, capable of crushing the baked test piece to approximately6mm or smaller particle size without introducing contamination, e.g. by abrasion of the facing of the jaws. 3.5 Grinding mill, of hard material, e.g. tungsten or silicon carbide, which is not abraded and is not therefore likely
15、to contaminate the sample. 3.6 Electric furnace, capable of being controlled at700 10 C, with adequate air circulation. 3.7 Test sieve, complying with BS410, of nominal aperture750 m. 3.8 Electric oven, capable of being controlled at100 5 C. 4 Materials Use materials as described in clause 5 of BS60
16、43-4.7:1991. 5 Sampling Prepare a representative laboratory sample of cold ramming paste in accordance with BS6043-4.1. 6 Preparation of test sample of ramming paste Prepare a test sample of the ramming paste from the laboratory sample (see clause 5) by the methods described in 7.1 and 7.2 of BS6043
17、4.7:1991. 7 Procedure 7.1 Preparation of test material: baking 7.1.1 Follow one of the operations described in 7.1.2 to 7.1.4. 7.1.2 Prepare a rammed test piece by ramming the test sample (see clause 6) by any of the procedures described in 8.1 of BS6043-4.7:1991using the ramming apparatus (3.2). I
18、f the cold ramming paste requires pre-curing before being baked, pre-cure the test piece in accordance with 8.3 of BS6043-4.7:1991. Bake the rammed test piece by the procedure described in 8.4 of BS6043-4.7:1991. 7.1.3 Take the whole of the crushed material recovered following a test for the determi
19、nation of the cold crushing strength of baked test pieces in accordance with BS6043-4.9, provided that it is not contaminated by extraneous material and that no significant loss has occurred. 7.1.4 Take the whole of the material which has been ground and dried following a test for the determination
20、of the density under xylene in accordance with BS6043-4.10. 7.2 Crushing and grinding Crush the whole of the baked test piece (see 7.1) by means of the jaw crusher (3.4) to approximately6mm or smaller particle size. Thoroughly mix the crushed material and subdivide it by coning and quartering to pro
21、duce a subsample of mass at least50g. Grind the entire subsample in the grinding mill(3.5) until it all passes through the test sieve(3.7). Dry the ground sample in the oven (3.8) at110 5 C for3h. 7.3 Test portion Weigh the prepared silica dish (3.3) to the nearest0.0002g. Transfer20 0.1g of the dri
22、ed, ground test material (see 7.2) to the dish and weigh to the nearest0.0002g. 7.4 Determination Place the dish containing the test portion (see 7.3) in the electric furnace (3.6) controlled at700 10 C for16h. Remove the dish containing the ash from the furnace and place it in a desiccator to cool
23、to ambient temperature. Weigh the dish and ash to the nearest0.0002g as rapidly as possible then replace them in the furnace and repeat the operations of heating for1h at700 10 C, cooling and weighing until the mass of the dish and its contents does not differ by more than0.001g between two consecut
24、ive weighings.BS6043-4.13:1991 2 BSI 10-1999 7.5 Number of determinations Carry out twice the procedure described in 7.4 on separate test portions taken from the same test material. 8 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the ash, G, of each of the test portions, as a percentage by mass, f
25、rom the following equation: If the two results differ by more than0.3% (m/m) then repeat the determination once more using the same dried, ground test material (see 7.2). Calculate the mean of the results for the three determinations to the nearest0.1% (m/m). 9 Test report The test report shall incl
26、ude the following information: a) a complete identification of the sample and details of any subsequent treatment; b) a reference to this British Standard, i.e.BS6043-4.13:1991; c) the mean ash of the test sample, calculated and expressed in accordance with clause 8; d) any unusual features noted du
27、ring the determination; e) any operation not included in this BritishStandard or regarded as optional. where M 1 is the mass of the prepared silica dish (3.3) (in g); M 2 is the mass of the silica dish containing the test portion (see 7.3) (in g); M 3 is the mass of the silica dish containing the as
28、h (see 7.4) (in g). G 100 M 3 M 1 () M 2 M 1 - =BS6043-4.13:1991 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 410, Specification for test sieves. BS 6043, Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture. BS 6043-4, Cold ramming pastes. BS 6043-4.0, General introduc
29、tion 1) . BS 6043-4.1, Methods of sampling. BS 6043-4.6, Determination of maximum rammed apparent density. BS 6043-4.7, Preparation of baked rammed test pieces and determination of baked apparent density, change in volume and loss in mass. BS 6043-4.9, Determination of the cold crushing strength of
30、baked rammed paste. BS 6043-4.10, Determination of the apparent porosity of baked ramming materials. 1) Referred to on the front cover only.BS 6043-4.13: 1991 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing Britis
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