1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-4.6: 1991 Methods of sampling and test for Carbonaceous materials used inaluminium manufacture Part 4: Cold ramming pastes Section 4.6 Determination of maximum rammed apparent density of unbaked paste NOTEIt is recommended that this Section be read in conjunction with thegen
2、eral information in BS6043-4.0, published separately.BS6043-4.6:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 30September1991 BSI 10-1999 The following BS
3、I references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/24 Draft for comment 90/54846 DC ISBN 0 580 19731 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee (CIC/-) to Technical Commi
4、ttee CIC/24, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. Chemical Industries Association Institute of Petroleum Refractories Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6043-4.6:1991 BSI 10-1999 i C
5、ontents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Definition 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Sampling 1 6 Preparation of test samples 1 7 Procedure 1 8 Calculation and expression of results 3 9 Test report 3 Figure 1 Sand rammer 2 Publication(s) referred
6、 to Inside back coverBS6043-4.6:1991 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Section of BS6043has been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee to provide methods of test for cold ramming pastes used in the production of aluminium. There is no corresponding International Standar
7、d; however, it is intended, upon publication of this Section of BS6043, that it be offered to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for possible adoption as an International Standard. It is essential to use BS6043-4.1in conjunction with this Section of BS6043. This standard descri
8、bes a method of test only, and should not be used or quoted as a specification defining the characteristics of a product. Reference to this Section should indicate that the method of test used is in accordance with BS6043-4.6:1991. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary pro
9、visions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to4, an
10、inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6043-4.6:1991 BSI 10-1999 1 0 Introduction As the apparent density of ramming materials asymptot
11、ically approaches a maximum as ramming proceeds, it is necessary for practical purposes to limit the number of ramming strokes to that which gives an acceptably close approximation to the true maximum apparent density. 1 Scope This Section of BS6043describes a method for the determination of the max
12、imum rammed apparent density (MRAD) achievable by ramming compaction for unbaked cold ramming pastes used in aluminium manufacture. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Principle The test sample, contained in a cylindrical mould, is s
13、ubjected to a defined number of blows at a specified force and the achieved apparent density is calculated from the mass and dimensions of the resulting rammed test piece. 3 Definition For the purposes of this Section of BS6043,the definitions given BS6043-4.1apply, together with the following. test
14、 piece a rigid body of fixed dimensions formed from a test sample of cold ramming paste by ramming compaction 4 Apparatus 4.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus 4.2 Sand rammer 1) , as shown in Figure 1, or similar apparatus in which a sample contained in a mould may be subjected to a succession of impac
15、ts transmitted by a6.35kg weight falling through a distance of50mm. The mould has an internal diameter of50mm. 4.3 Electric oven, capable of being controlled at35 2 C. 4.4 Vernier callipers, capable of measuring lengths of not less than150mm and a vernier scale graduated in0.1mm or smaller units. 5
16、Sampling Prepare a representative laboratory sample of the cold ramming paste in accordance with BS6043-4.1. 6 Preparation of test samples Prepare at least three test samples each of mass170 0.1g from the laboratory sample (seeclause5) by the method described in5.5.3 of BS6043-4.1:1991. 7 Procedure
17、7.1 Ramming the test sample Transfer a test sample to a loosely-lidded container of suitable volume. Place the container and the lightly lubricated sand rammer mould (4.2) in the electric oven (4.3) controlled at35 2 C for30min. Transfer the warmed test sample to the warmed mould and position the mo
18、uld in the sand rammer. Subject the sample in the mould to50impacts by turning the sand rammer handle. Invert the mould in the sand rammer and lower the plunger gently into it to bring the partially completed test piece into contact with the base of the mould. Subject the test sample to a further50i
19、mpacts. Remove the test piece from the mould and allow it to cool to room temperature. 7.2 Determination Weigh the test piece to the nearest0.1g. Using the vernier callipers (4.4), measure the height of the test piece at four points equidistant around the circumference, to the nearest0.1mm and take
20、the mean of the four measurements, rounded to the nearest0.1mm. Make two pairs of measurements of the diameter of the test piece, each pair in directions mutually at right angles, one pair at points at one-third of the sample height and the second pair at points at two-thirds of the sample height. M
21、easure to the nearest0.1mm and take the mean of the four readings, rounded to the nearest0.1mm. 7.3 Number of determinations Perform the operations described in7.1 and7.2 on each of three test samples. Reject any test piece which is not502mm in height and repeat the operations described in7.1 and7.2
22、 on a new test sample (see clause6) ofmass modified in accordance with5.5.3 of BS6043-4.1:1991. 1) For information on the availability of this apparatus, write to Customer Information, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK145LE.BS6043-4.6:1991 2 BSI 10-1999 NOTEEach turn of the handle causes the6.35k
23、g weight to be raised50mm and then dropped on the collar attached to the plunger shaft. Figure 1 Sand rammerBS6043-4.6:1991 BSI 10-1999 3 8 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the apparent density, D, for each of the three compacted test pieces, expressed in g/mL, from the following equa
24、tion: where: If the range of the three results is greater than0.01g/mL, reject the results and repeat the procedure described in clause7 using fresh test samples (see clause6). Calculate the mean of the three valid determinations, to obtain the MRAD, expressed to the nearest0.005g/mL. 9 Test report
25、The test report shall include the following information: a) a complete identification of the sample; b) a reference to this British Standard, i.e.BS6043-4.6:1991; c) the mean value of the three measurements of the maximum rammed apparent density, calculated and expressed in accordance with clause8;
26、d) any unusual features noted during the determination; e) any operation not included in this British Standard or regarded as optional. M is the mass of the test piece (see7.2) (in g); h is the mean height; of the test piece (see7.2) (in mm); d is the mean diameter of the test piece (see7.2) (in mm)
27、. D 1000 M hd 2 () 2 - =4 blankBS6043-4.6:1991 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 6043, Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture. BS 6043-4, Cold ramming pastes. BS 6043-4.0, General introduction 2) . BS 6043-4.1, Methods of sampling. 2) Referred t
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