1、BRITISH STANDARD BS6200-2.2: 1993 Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals Part 2: Sampling and sample preparation Section 2.2 Methods for ferroalloys and other alloying additives UDC669.1:669.15198:543.05BS6200-2.2:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the dire
2、ctionof the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 September1993 BSI07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceISM/18 Draft for comment92/45016DC ISBN 0 580 22168 7
3、 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical CommitteeISM/18, upon which the following bodies were represented: BCIRA British Steel Industry Department of Trade and Indus
4、try (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Ferro Alloys and Metals Producers Association Ministry of Defence Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6200-2.2:1993 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Subsection 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1
5、.2 References 1 1.3 Definitions 1 1.4 Quality systems 2 Subsection 2. Requirements for sampling and sample preparation 2.1 Test sample 3 2.2 Sampling 3 2.3 Sample preparation 4 2.4 Precision of sampling and sample preparation 6 2.5 Safety precautions 6 Subsection 3. Ferrochromium, ferromanganese, fe
6、rrosilicon, ferrosilicochromium and ferrosilicomanganese 3.1 General 7 3.2 Sampling of a consignment supplied in bulk 7 3.3 Sampling of a consignment supplied in packed units 8 3.4 Sample preparation 8 3.5 Sampling and sample preparation of non-crushable ferrochromium 9 Subsection 4. Ferroboron, fer
7、romolybdenum, ferroniobium, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten and ferrovanadium 4.1 General 10 4.2 Sampling during the packing of units 10 4.3 Sampling of a consignment supplied in packed units 11 4.4 Sample preparation 11 Subsection 5. Molybdenum oxide 5.1 Sampling of a consignment supplied in packed un
8、its 12 5.2 Sample preparation 12 Subsection 6. Special methods of sample preparation 6.1 Sample preparation for analysis by thermal methods 13 6.2 Sample preparation for analysis by physical methods 13 Annex A (informative) Tables of minimum masses of increments for the sampling of ferroalloys (from
9、 international standards) 14 Table 1 List of methods in this Section of BS6200 for the sampling and sample preparation of a particular ferroalloy 1 Table A.1 Minimum mass of increment for sampling ferrochromium (crushable), ferrosilicon, ferrosilicochromium, ferrosilicomanganese and ferromanganese (
10、from ISO4552-1:1987) 14 Table A.2 Minimum mass of increment for sampling ferrotitanium, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferroniobium and ferrovanadium (from ISO4552-2:1987) 14 List of references 16BS6200-2.2:1993 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Section of BS6200 has been prepared under the direction of
11、 the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee. BS6200 is a British Standard series covering all aspects of the sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals. A general introduction is given in Part1, which lists the contents of all the existing and projected Parts, Sections and Subs
12、ections. Part2 of BS6200 supersedes BS1837:1970, which is withdrawn. Methods of sampling identical to those given in BS1837 were included in BSI Handbook No19:1970, which has also been withdrawn. This Section of BS6200 describes methods for the sampling and sample preparation of ferroalloys and moly
13、bdenum oxide used in the manufacture of iron and steel. Section2.1 of BS6200 describes methods for iron and steel. This Section of BS6200 incorporates parts of international standard ISO3713:1987 which gives general rules for the sampling and sample preparation of ferroalloys, and also ISO4552 which
14、 specifies methods for particular ferroalloys. ISO4552-1:1987 specifies methods for ferrochromium, ferrosilicochromium, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicomanganese and ferromanganese. ISO4552-2:1987 specifies methods for ferrotitanium, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferroniobium and ferrovanadium. A method
15、for ferroboron is in course of preparation by Technical Committee ISO/TC132. In addition, information was obtained from ASTM standard practices for sampling ferroalloys and steel additives1. International standards for methods for the sampling and preparation of ferronickel are available as British
16、Standards BS EN28049:1992 and BS EN28050:1992. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Section of BS6200 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. This Section of BS6200 calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injur
17、ious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. Assessed capability. Users of this British Standard are advised to consider the desirability of quality system ass
18、essement and registration against the appropriate Part of BS5750 by a third party certification body. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standar
19、d does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated.
20、This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6200-2.2:1993 BSI 07-1999 1 Subsection 1. General 1.1 Scope This Section of BS6200 describes methods for the incremental sampling and sample preparation of ferroalloys used in the manufacture of iron and steel. It does not inc
21、lude methods of sampling from a liquid metal. Methods are described for use with ferroboron, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicochromium, ferrosilicomanganese, ferroniobium, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, and molybdenum oxide. For the purposes of t
22、his Section of BS6200, ferroalloys are divided into two groups: a) ferroalloys supplied mainly in bulk quantities, that is, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicochromium and ferrosilicomanganese; b) ferroalloys supplied in packed units, that is, ferroboron, ferromolybdenum, ferron
23、iobium, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten and ferrovanadium. As a supplement to the list of contents, the methods for a particular ferroalloy are listed in Table 1 with reference to the relevant subsection in this Section of BS6200. 1.2 References 1.2.1 Normative references This Section of BS6200 incorpo
24、rates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on page16. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Section of BS6200 onl
25、y when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 1.2.2 Informative references This Section of BS6200 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue are listed on page16, but reference should be made to the latest editi
26、ons. 1.3 Definitions For the purposes of this Section of BS6200 the following definitions apply. 1.3.1 chemical method of analysis method for the determination of chemical composition in which the sample is submitted to chemical reaction 1.3.2 physical method of analysis method for the determination
27、 of chemical composition in which the determination of composition is carried out without submitting the sample to chemical reaction, for example, an optical emission spectrometric method, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method 1.3.3 thermal method of analysis method for the determination of che
28、mical composition in which the sample is submitted to a heating, combustion or fusion process 1.3.4 lot quantity of material produced and processed under conditions which are presumed uniform Table 1 List of methods in this Section of BS6200 for the sampling and sample preparation of a particular fe
29、rroalloy Alloy Subsection Sampling from a bulk consignment Sampling during the packing of units Sampling from packed units Sample preparation FeCr (crushable) FeMn FeSi FeSiCr FeSiMn FeCr (non-crushable) FeB FeMo FeNb FeTi FeW FeV 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.3 4
30、.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4BS6200-2.2:1993 2 BSI 07-1999 1.3.5 consignment quantity of material delivered at one time. A consignment may consist of one or more lots or parts of a lot 1.3.6 packed unit part of a consignment of material definitely separated and p
31、laced in a pallet box, a bag, adrum,etc.; also material in the form of briquettes bundled on a pallet 1.3.7 increment quantity of material obtained by a sampling device at one time from a consignment supplied in bulk or in a packed form 1.3.8 subsample quantity of material consisting of several incr
32、ements taken from part of a consignment; also a composite of several increments after having been crushed and/or divided as necessary 1.3.9 gross sample quantity of material consisting of all the increments taken from a consignment; also a composite of all the increments or all the subsamples after
33、having been individually crushed and/or divided as necessary 1.3.10 division process of decreasing the mass of the sample for the purposes of obtaining the required mass of a test sample 1.3.11 divided sample sample obtained by the method of division 1.3.12 test sample sample for the determination o
34、f chemical composition which is prepared from an increment, a subsample or a gross sample in a condition for submission to analysis NOTEThe term “test sample” is used in international standards for ferroalloys; it is synonymous with “sample for analysis” (see BS6200-2.1). 1.3.13 test portion part of
35、 the test sample actually submitted to analysis 1.3.14 top size particle size of a ferroalloy expressed by the aperture size of a sieve on which not more than1%m/m of a sample is retained 1.3.15 nominal top size upper level of the particle size range of a consignment NOTEParticle size ranges are spe
36、cified in international standards for the technical requirements and conditions of delivery of individual types of ferroalloys. Such standards include ISO5445:1980, ISO5446:1980, ISO5447:1980, ISO5448:1981, ISO5449:1980, ISO5450:1980, ISO5451:1980, ISO5452:1980, ISO5453:1980 and ISO5454:1980. 1.3.16
37、 representative quality characteristic content of an element or elements specified in international standards, the quality variation of which determines the parameters of sampling of a given ferroalloy and which is liable to contractual agreement in accordance with technical requirements for a given
38、 ferroalloy NOTEIn international standards, the quality characteristic of a ferroalloy is normally the principal element or elements of the ferroalloy, for example, chromium in ferrochromium, silicon and manganese in ferrosilicomanganese. 1.3.17 random sampling method of incremental sampling in whic
39、h each part of a ferroalloy sampled has equal probability of being taken 1.3.18 two-stage sampling method of random sampling by two stages. Selection of primary units of sampling, for example, packed units of a consignment, is carried out at the first stage 1.4 Quality systems Sampling procedures ha
40、ve to provide adequate protection for the purchaser, it being recognized that any sampling procedure has limitations. For the purpose of demonstrating the fulfilment of contractual requirements the supplier is obliged to provide valid confidence that the required quality will be achieved. NOTERequir
41、ements for quality systems are specified in BS5750-2:1987 for use when a contract requires demonstration of a suppliers capability, 1)to control the processes that determine the acceptability of the product supplied. BS5750-3:1987 specifies requirements for use when a contract requires demonstration
42、 of capability to detect and control the disposition of any product nonconformity during final inspection and test. 1) See foreword.BS6200-2.2:1993 BSI 07-1999 3 Subsection 2. Requirements for sampling and sample preparation 2.1 Test sample 2.1.1 Quality Sampling practices shall be designed to provi
43、de a test sample that is representative of the chemical composition of the consignment of the ferroalloy. Particular care is required when obtaining representative samples from ferroalloys; many alloys segregate to an appreciable extent. The test sample shall, wherever practicable, be sufficiently h
44、omogeneous with respect to chemical composition such that inhomogeneity does not appreciably contribute to the error variability of the analysis. Where inhomogeneity of the sample contributes significantly to error variability, a detailed study should be made of the individual components of variabil
45、ity to determine the parameters of sampling (see2.4). In cases where segregation is expected to occur, if it is not practicable to crush the whole of the sample to pass through the specified sieve, the quantities of oversize and undersize particles may be weighed separately and proportionate parts t
46、aken to constitute the test sample. Care shall be taken to avoid atmospheric contamination at each stage of sample preparation and especially during comminution procedures used to produce the test sample. 2.1.2 Identification A test sample shall be assigned a unique identification to distinguish the
47、 lot, consignment, increment, subsample or gross sample from which it was taken. Labelling or some equivalent method of marking shall be used to ensure that the assigned identification remains associated with the test sample. The identification, status and condition of the sample shall be recorded t
48、o ensure that confusion cannot arise as to the identity of the item to which analysis and records refer. 2.1.3 Size The quantity of the test sample shall be sufficient to provide for re-analysis, where necessary. Generally a mass of50g will be sufficient. Unless otherwise agreed between parties, a m
49、inimum of four samples shall be prepared from each consignment, one each for the supplier, the purchaser and an arbitration organization and one for reserve. A record shall be kept of the procedures used for preparing the samples. 2.1.4 Conservation During and after preparation, the test sample shall be stored in such a way as to prevent contamination or chemical change. The container used for storage shall be completely dry and made from material that is chemically inert and resistant to abrasion by hard metals. NOTEFinely-powdered test samples may be subject to p
