1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6374-1: 1985 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Part 1: Specification for lining with sheet thermoplastics UDC 621.772.4:66.023.3:678.073-41BS6374-1:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Pressure VesselsSta
2、ndards Committee, was published under the authorityof the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 28February 1985 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PVE/1 Draft for comment 81/78482 DC ISBN 0 580 14287 6 Committees responsible for this Brit
3、ish Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Pressure Vessel Standards Committee (PVE/-) to Technical Committee PVE/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers Associated Office
4、s Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers British Chemical Engineering Contractors Association British Compressed Gases Association British Gas Corporation British Steel Industry Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Energy Industries Council Engineering Equipment and Mate
5、rials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Association (UK) Process Plant Association Water-tube Boilermakers Association Welding Institute Coopted m
6、ember The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Rubber Manufacturers Association Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology Plastics and Rubber Institute Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain Amendme
7、nts issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6374-1:1985 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Exchange of information 2 1.4 Compliance 2 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surface finis
8、h of equipment to be lined 2.1 General 3 2.2 Design of metal equipment to be lined 3 2.3 Fabrication of metal equipment to be lined 3 2.4 Design of concrete equipment to be lined 8 2.5 Construction of concrete equipment to be lined 8 Section 3. Selection and quality of linings 3.1 Selection of linin
9、g 9 3.2 Quality of lining 9 3.3 Continuity of finished linings 10 Section 4. Method of lining 4.1 Surface preparation 11 4.2 Lining process 11 Section 5. Inspection and testing 5.1 Responsibility for inspection and testing 13 5.2 Inspection 13 Section 6. Methods of test 6.1 Continuity testing 14 Sec
10、tion 7. Rectification of faults 7.1 General 15 Section 8. Storage, handling, transportation and installation 8.1 General 16 Appendix A Characteristics of thermoplastics used as sheet linings specified in 3.1 17 Appendix B Continuity testing 18 Appendix C Effect of materials on water quality 20 Figur
11、e 1 Pipework details 4 Figure 2 Weld profile details: butt welds 5 Figure 3 Weld profile details: external corners and edges 5 Figure 4 Weld profile details: internal corners and edges 6 Figure 5 Weld profile details: concave heads 7 Figure 6 Weld profile details: flanges 7 Publications referred to
12、Inside back coverBS6374-1:1985 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 6374 has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure Vessels Standards Committee. It is one of five Parts of a new standard that will supersede Parts 1, 4, 5 and 6 of CP 3003, the change in format arising from the fresh app
13、roach adopted to conform with developments in the associated lining technology. The Technical Committee would like to acknowledge the contributions made by the Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain which supplied the initial draft document, and the users and the manufacturers on
14、whose submissions the document was based. The plastics linings referred to in this standard are used for a number of different duties, including protection against corrosive environments, prevention of contamination of products and provision of surfaces that do not foul easily or that can be cleaned
15、 easily. Specific linings are used for protection against abrasion or erosion. The thermoplastic materials considered are those in general use for lining equipment and are as tabulated below. It is common practice to refer to these materials by initials; these are also listed and referred to in the
16、text. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsibl
17、e for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Unplasticized polyvinylchloride UPVC Plasticized polyvinylchloride Plasticized PVC Polyethylene PE Polypropylene PP Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF Fluorinated ethylene propyle
18、ne copolymer FEP Perfluoroalkoxy PFA Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer E-CTFE Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see
19、copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6374-1:1985 BSI 08-1999 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS 6374 specifies requirements for the lining of equipment for the process industries using sheet th
20、ermoplastics. It includes requirements for the choice of lining and its application and also requirements for inspection of the lining and the rectification of faults. It applies to equipment fabricated in metal or concrete and to both bonded and loose linings. NOTE 1The linings may be applied at th
21、e applicators works or on site. Requirements for design and fabrication of the equipment and the state of preparation necessary for the surfaces to be lined are specified in section 2. Requirements for storage, handling, transportation and installation of the lined equipment are specified in section
22、 8. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 6374, the following definitions apply. 1.2.1 plastic 1) (noun) a material that contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer and which a
23、t some stage in its processing into finished products can be shaped by flow NOTE 1Elastomeric materials, which are also shaped by flow, are not considered as plastics. NOTE 2In some countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, the official position now is that it is a permitted option to use the t
24、erm “plastics” as the singular form as well as the plural form. 1.2.2 resin 1) a solid, semisolid, or pseudosolid organic material that has an indefinite and often high relative molecular mass, exhibits a tendency to flow when subjected to stress, usually has a softening or melting range and, usuall
25、y fractures conchoidally. In a broad sense, the term is used to designate any polymer that is a basic material for plastics 1.2.3 thermoset 1)(noun) a plastic which, when cured by heat or by other means, changes into a substantially infusible and insoluble product NOTEThis term includes both thermos
26、etting plastics and thermoset plastics. 1.2.4 purchaser 2) the organization or individual who buys the lined equipment for its own use or as an agent for the owner 1.2.5 fabricator 2) the organization or individual responsible for the fabrication of the equipment to be lined 1.2.6 applicator 2) the
27、organization or individual responsible for the application of the lining 1.2.7 inspection authority 2) the body or association appointed by the purchaser (or owner) to check that the design, fabrication and lining comply with this standard 1.2.8 lining thermoplastics applied as sheet linings which m
28、ay or may not be bonded to the substrate NOTEAlthough in common usage the terms “linings” and “coating” are interchangeable, in this document “lining” will be used. 1.2.9 cure the chemical reaction resulting in the final polymerized product 1.2.10 pinhole a small defect in the lining that would perm
29、it corrosion of the substrate under the conditions for which the lining is designed NOTEThe word “pinhole” is synonymous with “holiday” and “pore”. 1.2.11 blister a gas or liquid filled cavity within the lining material or between the lining and substrate 1) These terms have been extracted from BS 1
30、755-1. 2) Where the words “purchaser”, “fabricator”, “applicator” and “inspection authority” occur in the text, they are intended also to include representatives of the purchaser, fabricator, applicator and inspection authority.BS6374-1:1985 2 BSI 08-1999 1.3 Exchange of information Early consultati
31、on shall be arranged between all parties concerned with the application of this standard, to establish the following information which shall be fully documented. Both the definitive requirements specified in this standard and the documented items shall be satisfied before a claim of compliance with
32、the standard can be made and verified. a) Design and fabrication details of the equipment to be lined and provision of drawings (see 2.2 and 2.3 or 2.4 and 2.5). b) Details of gasket materials (see 2.2.9 and2.2.10). c) Details of the contents of the vessels or equipment, including trace materials se
33、e3.1.1 a). d) The design temperature see 3.1.1 b). e) The design pressure see 3.1.1 c). f) The details of any solids to be handled see3.1.1 e). g) The methods of heating and/or cooling see3.1.1 b). h) Cleaning methods, for example, water washing, solvent washing, boiling out or steaming see 3.1.1 a)
34、. i) Where the lining work will be done. j) Site conditions that may affect the work, for example availability of services. k) Any special requirements for materials used in blast cleaning (see 4.1.1.4 and 4.1.2.3). l) The type of material to be used for lining (see3.1.1). m) The minimum thickness o
35、f the lining and where applicable the maximum thickness (see3.2.2). n) The suitability of the adhesive if the lining is to be bonded to the substrate (see 3.2.3). o) When the lining is to be applied outside the applicators works and the adhesive as applied contains solvents, the types of solvents sh
36、all be stated, together with their flash points and threshold limit values. p) The specified adhesive system (see 3.2.3 and4.2). q) The provision of test plates (see 3.2.1 and5.2.4). r) The minimum and maximum allowable temperature which is required for the correct application of a lining including
37、the curing of the adhesive if used (see 4.2). s) Inspection techniques/procedures to be employed, acceptance levels and stages of inspection (see 5.1 and 5.2). t) Handling, transport, storage and installation procedure (see 3.1.1 g) and 8.1.1 to 8.1.7). 1.4 Compliance 1.4.1 Fabricator The fabricator
38、 shall comply with the following: a) section 2 see 1.3 a); b) 5.1 a) and b); c) section 8 as agreed in 1.3 t). 1.4.2 Applicator The applicator shall comply with the following: a) section 3 (but see 3.2.1); b) section 4; c) 5.1 c), d), e) and f); d) section 6; e) section 7; f) section 8 as agreed in
39、1.3 t).BS6374-1:1985 BSI 08-1999 3 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surface finish of equipment to be lined 2.1 General The basic design, fabrication and testing for mechanical reliability of the equipment to be lined shall be carried out to appropriate British Standards and shall comply with 2.2
40、and 2.3 or 2.4 and 2.5 before the lining operation commences. 2.2 Design of metal equipment to be lined 2.2.1 Equipment to be lined shall be sufficiently rigid that there is no possibility of deformation which would result in damage to the lining during transportation, installation and operation. Wh
41、en stiffeners are required, they shall normally be applied to the unlined side of the equipment. 2.2.2 The arrangements for the lifting of equipment shall be determined at the design stage. 2.2.3 The design of all equipment shall allow for access during the preparation of the surface and application
42、 of the lining and for venting of fumes evolved during the operation. In completely enclosed vessels there shall be at least one manhole that after lining complies with BS 470 and one additional branch of not less than 75mm bore to permit adequate circulation of air. NOTEIt is recommended that, wher
43、e practicable, the minimum diameter of a manhole should be 600mm. 2.2.4 Riveted constructions shall not be used. 2.2.5 Bolted joints shall be permitted only if they can be dismantled for lining. 2.2.6 Surfaces to be lined shall be of a smooth contour. 2.2.7 Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projec
44、tions shall be avoided. 2.2.8 Fittings that have to be installed after the completion of the lining process shall be designed to be lined or fabricated from materials that will not be affected by the process conditions. 2.2.9 Normally all connections to lined parts of equipment shall be flanged. If
45、for any reason screwed connections are required, then these parts shall be fabricated in corrosion-resistant materials. 2.2.10 All nozzles and outlets shall be as short as possible, straight and flanged. Flange faces shall have a plain surface to allow the lining to continue over the face. 2.2.11 He
46、ating coils, immersion heaters and sparger pipes shall be installed after the completion of the lining process and shall be located so that no part is closer than 100mm from a lined surface. In the case of nozzles through which heating coils, etc., enter equipment, a smaller clearance is permitted p
47、rovided that the temperature of the pipe through the nozzle does not exceed 80 C. In no case shall this clearance be less than 25mm. Fluid introduced through sparger pipes or dip pipes shall not impinge directly on to the lining. External heating of equipment shall not be permitted without full cons
48、ultation with the applicator of the lining. 2.2.12 The design of pipework shall be such as to allow ready access to welds and bends for weld and surface preparation and permit the fitting of extruded liners (see Figure 1). Systems shall be made up from straight lengths with separate bends and tees.
49、2.2.13 The design of equipment shall be such that there is easy hand access to areas where thermoplastic sheets need to be welded. 2.3 Fabrication of metal equipment to be lined 2.3.1 All welds shall be continuous on surfaces to be lined. Only butt joints shall be permitted on surfaces to be lined. Stitch welding, spot welding and other non-continuous welding processes shall not be used. 2.3.2 Weld surfaces shall be smooth. Some welding procedures provide surfaces of adequate smoothness but, in other cases surfaces shall be ground wholly or partl
