1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6374-3: 1984 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Part 3: Specification for lining with stoved thermosetting resins UDC 621.772.4:66.023.3:678.6.072BS6374-3:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Pressure Ves
2、sels Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31August1984 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PVE/1 Draft for comment 81/78490 DC ISBN 0 580 13892 5 Committees responsible for th
3、is British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Pressure Vessel Standards Committee (PVE/-) to Technical Committee PVE/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers Associated
4、 Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers British Chemical Engineering Contractors Association British Compressed Gases Association British Gas Corporation British Steel Industry Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Energy Industries Council Engineering Equipment a
5、nd Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Association (UK) Process Plant Association Water-tube Boilermakers Association Welding Institute Co
6、opted member The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Rubber Manufacturers Association Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology Plastics and Rubber Institute Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain
7、Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6374-3:1984 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Exchange of information 2 1.4 Compliance 2 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surfac
8、e finish of equipment to be lined 2.1 General 2 2.2 Design of equipment to be lined 2 2.3 Fabrication of equipment to be lined 3 Section 3. Selection and quality of linings 3.1 Selection of lining 9 3.2 Quality of lining 10 3.3 Continuity of finished linings 10 Section 4. Method of lining 4.1 Surfac
9、e preparation 10 4.2 Lining process 11 Section 5. Inspection and testing 5.1 Responsibility for inspection and testing 11 5.2 Inspection 11 Section 6. Methods of test 6.1 Continuity testing 12 Section 7. Rectification of faults in fully cured linings 7.1 General 12 Section 8. Storage, handling, tran
10、sportation and installation 8.1 General 12 Appendix A Characteristics of lining materials specified in3.1 14 Appendix B Continuity testing 14 Figure 1 Pipework details 4 Figure 2 Weld profile details: butt welds 5 Figure 3 Weld profile details: external corners and edges 5 Figure 4 Weld profile deta
11、ils: internal corners and edges 6 Figure 5 Weld profile details: concave heads 7 Figure 6 Weld profile details: flanges 8 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS6374-3:1984 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure Vessels S
12、tandards Committee. It is one of five Parts of a new standard that will supersede Parts1,4,5 and6 of CP3003, the change in format arising from the fresh approach adopted to conform with developments in the associated lining technology. The Technical Committee would like to acknowledge the contributi
13、ons made by the Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain which supplied the initial draft document, and the users and the manufacturers on whose submissions the draft document was based. The stoved thermosetting resins referred to in this standard are used for a number of different
14、duties, including protection against corrosive environments, prevention of contamination of products and provision of surfaces that do not foul easily, or that can be cleaned easily. The thickness of this type of resin lining is300 4m or less and it is difficult to obtain linings that are pinhole fr
15、ee. Furthermore, even if linings as applied are free from imperfections, consideration has to be given to the possibility of damage in operation. Therefore, before deciding to use this type of lining some knowledge is required of the likely corrosion rate of the substrate and the mechanism of that c
16、orrosion. If the corrosion rate is low, then the use of a thin lining is not a critical factor. If the corrosion rate is high and due to simple solution of the metal, then it is not advisable to use this type of lining because of the risk of severe corrosion through a pinhole. On the other hand, if
17、a high corrosion rate is caused by an effect such as erosion/corrosion, then these linings can be effective barriers. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard d
18、oes not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an in
19、side front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6374-3:1984 BSI 07-1999 1 Section 1. General
20、 1.1 Scope This Part of BS6374 specifies requirements for the lining of equipment for the process industries using stoved thermosetting resins. It includes requirements for the choice of lining and its application and also requirements for subsequent inspection of the lining and the rectification of
21、 faults. NOTEThe linings may be applied at the applicators works or on site. Requirements for design and fabrication of the equipment and the state of preparation necessary for the surfaces to be lined are specified in section2. Requirements for storage, handling, transportation and installation of
22、the lined equipment are specified in section8. This Part of this standard does not apply to equipment manufactured in cast iron or concrete. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the fol
23、lowing definitions apply. 1.2.1 plastic 1)(noun) a material that contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer and which at some stage in its processing into finished products can be shaped by flow NOTE 1Elastomeric materials, which are also shaped by flow, are not considered as plastics. NOTE
24、2In some countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, the official position now is that it is a permitted option to use the term “plastics” as the singular form as well as the plural form. 1.2.2 resin 1) a solid, semisolid, or pseudosolid organic material that has an indefinite and often high rela
25、tive molecular mass, exhibits a tendency to flow when subjected to stress, usually has a softening or melting range and, usually fractures conchoidally. In a broad sense, the term is used to designate any polymer that is a basic material for plastics 1.2.3 thermoset 1)(noun) a plastic which, when cu
26、red by heat or other means, changes into a substantially infusible and insoluble product NOTEThis term includes both thermosetting plastics and thermoset plastics. 1.2.4 purchaser 2) the organization or individual who buys the lined equipment for its own use or as an agent for the owner 1.2.5 fabric
27、ator 2) the organization or individual responsible for the fabrication of the equipment to be lined 1.2.6 applicator 2) the organization or individual responsible for the application of the lining 1.2.7 inspection authority 2) the body or association appointed by the purchaser (or owner) to check th
28、at the design, fabrication, and lining comply with this standard 1.2.8 lining stoved thermosetting coating based on resins where final polymerization of the resin system requires the application of heat in the form of a stoving process NOTE 1Although in common usage the terms “lining” and “coating”
29、are interchangeable, in this standard “lining” will be used. NOTE 2The linings normally consist of a solution of a heat reactive resin in solvents, together with pigments, fillers and reinforcing extenders. The resin may consist of a single resin, admixtures or co-condensed resins. Examples of therm
30、osetting linings are: a) phenolic resin linings, which are the reaction products of phenol and formaldehyde; b) epoxy-phenolic linings, which are the reaction products of phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins. 1.2.9 cure the chemical reaction resulting in the final polymerized product 1.2.10 pinhole
31、a small defect in the lining that would permit corrosion of the substrate under the conditions for which the lining is designed NOTEThe word “pinhole” is synonymous with “holiday” and “pore”. 1) These terms have been extracted from BS1755-1. 2) Where the words “purchaser”, “fabricator”, “applicator”
32、 and “inspection authority” occur in the text, they are intended also to include representatives of the purchaser, fabricator, applicator and inspection authority.BS6374-3:1984 2 BSI 07-1999 1.2.11 blister a gas or liquid filled cavity within the lining material or between the lining and substrate 1
33、.3 Exchange of information Early consultation shall be arranged between all parties concerned with the application of this standard, to establish the following information which shall be fully documented. Both the definitive requirements specified in this standard and the documented items shall be s
34、atisfied before a claim of compliance with the standard can be made and verified. a) Design and fabrication details of the equipment to be lined and provision of drawings (see2.2 and2.3). b) Details of gasket materials (see2.2.9 and2.2.10). c) Details of the contents of the vessels or equipment, inc
35、luding trace materials see3.1.1 a). d) The design temperature see3.1.1 b). e) The design pressure see3.1.1 c). f) The details of any solids to be handled see3.1.1 e). g) The methods of heating and/or cooling see3.1.1 b). h) Cleaning methods, for example, water washing, solvent washing, boiling out o
36、r steaming see3.1.1 a). i) Where the lining work will be done. j) Site conditions that may affect the work, for example availability of services. k) Any special requirements for materials used in blast cleaning (see4.1.3). l) The type of resin to be used for lining (see3.1.1). m) The minimum thickne
37、ss of the lining and where applicable the maximum thickness (see3.2.2). n) The provision of test pieces (see3.2.1). o) The maximum number of pinholes per square metre of surface if they are permitted (see3.3). p) When the lining is to be applied outside the applicators works and the resin as applied
38、 contains solvents, the types of solvents shall be stated, together with their flash points and threshold limit values. q) The maximum time allowed between coats in order to achieve proper intercoat adhesion (see4.2). r) The minimum and maximum allowable temperature that is required for the correct
39、application of the lining (see4.2). s) The minimum temperature required during the curing of the lining (see4.2). t) Inspection techniques/procedures to be employed, acceptance levels and stages of inspection (see5.1 and5.2). u) Use of the cold curing, thermosetting resins for repair (see7.1.3). v)
40、Handling, transport, storage and installation procedure see3.1.1 g) and8.1.1 to8.1.7. 1.4 Compliance 1.4.1 Fabricator. The fabricator shall comply with the following: a) section 2 see1.3 a); b) 5.1 a) and b); c) section 8 as agreed in1.3 v). 1.4.2 Applicator. The applicator shall comply with the fol
41、lowing: a) section 3 (but see3.2.1); b) section 4; c) 5.1 c), d), e) and f); d) section 6; e) section 7; f) section 8 as agreed in1.3 v). Section 2. Design, fabrication and surface finish of equipment to be lined 2.1 General The basic design, fabrication and testing for mechanical reliability of the
42、 equipment to be lined shall be carried out to appropriate British Standards and shall comply with2.2 and2.3 before the lining operation commences. 2.2 Design of equipment to be lined 2.2.1 Equipment to be lined shall be sufficiently rigid that there is no possibility of deformation which could resu
43、lt in damage to the lining during transportation, installation and operation. When stiffeners are required, they shall normally be applied to the unlined side of the equipment. 2.2.2 The arrangements for the lifting of equipment shall be determined at the design stage. 2.2.3 The design of all equipm
44、ent shall allow for access during the preparation of the surface and application of the lining and for venting of fumes evolved during the operation.BS6374-3:1984 BSI 07-1999 3 In completely enclosed vessels there shall be at least one manhole that after lining complies with BS470 and one additional
45、 branch of not less than75mm bore to permit adequate circulation of air. NOTEIt is recommended that, where practicable, the minimum diameter of a manhole should be600mm. 2.2.4 Riveted constructions shall not be used. 2.2.5 Bolted joints shall be permitted only if they can be dismantled for lining. 2
46、.2.6 Surfaces to be lined shall be of a smooth contour. 2.2.7 Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projections shall be avoided. 2.2.8 Fittings that have to be installed after the completion of the lining process shall be designed to be coated or fabricated from materials that will not be affected by
47、 the process conditions. 2.2.9 Normally all connections to lined parts of equipment shall be flanged. If for any reason screwed connections are required, then these parts shall be fabricated in corrosion-resistant materials. 2.2.10 All nozzles and outlets shall be as short as possible, straight and
48、flanged. Flange faces shall have a plain surface to allow the lining to continue over the face. 2.2.11 Heating coils, immersion heaters and sparger pipes shall be installed after the completion of the lining process and, if heated above80 C, shall be located so that no part is closer than100mm from
49、a lined surface. Fluids introduced through sparger pipe or dip pipe shall not impinge directly on to the lining. 2.2.12 The design of pipework shall be such as to allow ready access to welds and bends for inspection and surface preparation. NOTESystems made up from straight lengths with separate bends and tees meet this requirement (seeFigure 1). Where pipes incorporating branches and bends are to be used, the diameter of the pipe and length of the fitting shall allow access for preparation and application of the lining. There shall be not more th
