1、BRITISH STANDARD BS6374-5:1985 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Part 5: Specification for lining with rubbers UDC621.772.4:66.023.3:678.074BS6374-5:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Pressure VesselsStandards Committee, w
2、as published under the authorityof the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 31 July 1985 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PVE/1 Draft for comment82/79981DC ISBN 0 580 14513 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The prepara
3、tion of this British Standard was entrusted by the Pressure Vessels Standards Committee (PVE/-) to Technical Committee PVE/1upon which the following bodies were represented: Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths andStructural Workers Associated Offices Technical Committee Ass
4、ociation of Consulting Engineers British Chemical Engineering Contractors Association British Compressed Gases Association British Gas Corporation British Steel Industry Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Energy Industries Council Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association H
5、ealth and Safety Executive Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Association (UK) Process Plant Association Water-tube Boilermakers Association Welding Institute Coopted member The following bodie
6、s were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Rubber Manufacturers Association Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology Plastics and Rubber Institute Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publicat
7、ion Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6374-5:1985 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Exchange of information 1 1.4 Compliance 2 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surface finish of equipment to be line
8、d 2.1 General 3 2.2 Design of metal equipment to be lined 3 2.3 Fabrication of metal equipment to be lined 4 2.4 Design of concrete equipment to be lined 4 2.5 Construction of concrete equipment to be lined 5 Section 3. Selection and quality of linings 3.1 Selection of lining 9 3.2 Quality of lining
9、 9 Section 4. Method of lining 4.1 Surface preparation 11 4.2 Adhesion system and application 11 4.3 Production of lining material 11 4.4 Application of the sheet to the substrate 12 4.5 Vulcanization 13 Section 5. Inspection and testing 5.1 Responsibility for inspection and testing 15 5.2 Inspectio
10、n 15 Section 6. Methods of test 6.1 Continuity testing 18 Section 7. Rectification of faults in fully cured linings 7.1 General 19 Section 8. Storage, handling, transportation and installation 8.1 General 20 Appendix A Characteristics of lining materials specified in 3.1 21 Appendix B Continuity tes
11、ting 22 Appendix C Vulcanization 24 Appendix D Lining of used equipment 25 Appendix E Maintenance of rubber lined equipment 25 Appendix F Effect of materials on water quality 26 Figure 1 Weld profile details: flanges 5 Figure 2 Pipework details 6 Figure 3 Weld profile details: butt welds 7 Figure 4
12、Weld profile details: external corners and edges 7 Figure 5 Weld profile details: internal corners and edges 8 Figure 6 Weld profile details: concave heads 8 Figure 7 Typical joints in rubber linings 13 Figure 8 Unacceptable faults in joints in rubber linings 16 Table 1 Maximum length between flange
13、s 3 Table 2 Test loads for adhesion of vulcanized soft rubber to carbon steel and concrete substrates 17 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS6374-5:1985 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword This Part of BS6374has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure Vessels Standards Committee. It is the las
14、t of five Parts of a new standard that supersedes Parts 1, 4, 5and6 of CP3003which are withdrawn. The change in format arises from the fresh approach adopted to conform with developments in the associated lining technology. The Technical Committee would like to acknowledge the contributions made by
15、the British Rubber Manufacturers Association and the Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain both of which contributed to the preparation of the initial draft document. The linings referred to in this standard which are based on natural and synthetic rubbers are used for a number o
16、f different duties, including protection against corrosive environments and prevention of contamination of products. Specific linings are used for protection against abrasion or erosion. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to
17、 appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal oblig
18、ations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on t
19、heinside front cover.BS 6374-5:1985 BSI 02-1999 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS6374specifies requirements for the lining of equipment for the process industries using cold rubber. It includes requirements for the choice of lining and its application and also requirements for inspectio
20、n of the lining and the rectification of faults. It applies to equipment fabricated in metal or concrete. The materials considered include natural and synthetic rubbers applied as unvulcanized or prevulcanized sheet. Brushed or sprayed rubber linings are not included. NOTE 1The linings may be applie
21、d at the applicators works or on site. Requirements for design and fabrication of the equipment and the state of preparation necessary for the surfaces to be lined are specified in section 2. Requirements for storage, handling, transportation and installation of the lined equipment are specified in
22、section 8. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS6374the definitions given in BS3558apply, together with the following: 1.2.1 purchaser 1) the organization or individual who buys the l
23、ined equipment for its own use or as an agent for the owner 1.2.2 fabricator 1) the organization or individual responsible for the fabrication of the equipment to be lined 1.2.3 applicator 1) the organization or individual responsible for the application of the lining 1.2.4 inspection authority 1) t
24、he body or association appointed by the purchaser (or owner) to check that the design, fabrication, and lining comply with this standard 1.2.5 vulcanization the chemical reaction resulting in the final polymerized product 1.2.6 pinhole a small defect in the lining that would permit corrosion of the
25、substrate under the conditions for which the lining is designed NOTEThe word “pinhole” is synonymous with “holiday” and “pore”. 1.2.7 blister a gas or liquid filled cavity within the lining material or between the lining and substrate 1.2.8 scarf joint a joint made between two adjacent sheets of rub
26、ber by bevelling the edges of the sheets and over-lapping one prepared edge on the other (see Figure 7) 1.3 Exchange of information Early consultation shall be arranged between all parties concerned with the application of this standard, to establish the following information which shall be fully do
27、cumented. Both the definitive requirements specified in this standard and the documented items shall be satisfied before a claim of compliance with the standard can be made and verified. a) Design and fabrication details of the equipment to be lined and provision of drawings (see2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and2.5
28、). b) Details of gasket materials (see2.2.9 and2.2.10). c) Details of the contents of the vessels or equipment, including trace materials see3.1.1 a). d) The design temperature see3.1.1 b). e) The design pressure see3.1.1 c). f) The details of any solids to be handled see3.1.1 e). g) Any specific me
29、chanical properties required of the lining including suitability for machining see3.1.1 g). h) The methods of heating and/or cooling see3.1.1 b). i) Cleaning methods, for example, water washing, solvent washing, boiling out or steaming see3.1.1 a). j) Where the lining work will be done. k) Site cond
30、itions which may affect the work, for example, availability of services. 1) Where the words “purchaser”, “fabricator”, “applicator” and “inspection authority” occur in the text, they are intended also to include representatives of the purchaser, fabricator, applicator and inspection authority.BS6374
31、-5:1985 2 BSI 02-1999 l) Any special requirements for materials used in blast cleaning (see4.1.1.1 and4.1.1.2). m) The rubber lining to be used (see3.1.1). n) The minimum thickness of the vulcanized lining and where applicable the maximum thickness (see3.2.2). o) The provision of test plates see3.2.
32、1 c). p) When the lining is to be applied outside the applicators works and the primers and/or adhesives as applied contain solvents, the types of solvents are to be stated, together with their flash points and threshold limit values. q) Specified adhesion system (see3.1.1, 3.2.3 and4.2). r) The min
33、imum and maximum allowable temperature and allowable humidity which are required for the correct application of the lining (see4.2 and4.4). s) The minimum temperature required during the vulcanization of the lining (see4.5). t) The vulcanization schedule, where applicable. u) Inspection techniques/p
34、rocedures to be employed, acceptance levels and stages of inspection (see5.1 and5.2). v) Handling, transport, storage and installation procedure (see3.1.1 g) and8.1.1 to8.1.7). 1.4 Compliance 1.4.1 Fabricator The fabricator shall comply with the following: a) section 2see1.3 a); b) 5.1 a) and b); c)
35、 section 8as agreed in1.3 v). 1.4.2 Applicator The applicator shall comply with the following: a) section 3(but see3.2.1); b) section 4; c) 5.1 c), d), e) and f); d) section 6; e) section 7; f) section 8as agreed in1.3 v).BS 6374-5:1985 BSI 02-1999 3 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surface finish
36、 of equipment to be lined 2.1 General The basic design, fabrication and testing for mechanical reliability of the equipment to be lined shall be carried out to the appropriate British Standards and shall comply with2.2 and2.3 or2.4 and2.5 before the lining operation commences. NOTERubber lining will
37、 affect heat transfer and tolerances required for joints; both features need to be considered at the design stage of the equipment. 2.2 Design of metal equipment to be lined 2.2.1 Equipment to be lined shall be sufficiently rigid that there is no possibility of deformation which would result in dama
38、ge to the lining during transportation, installation and operation. When stiffeners are required, they shall normally be applied to the unlined side of the equipment. NOTEIn the case of hard rubber and ebonite linings this requirement is of particular importance. 2.2.2 The arrangements for the lifti
39、ng of equipment shall be determined at the design stage. 2.2.3 The design of all equipment shall allow for access during the preparation of the surface and application of the lining and for venting of fumes evolved during the operation. In completely enclosed vessels there shall be at least one manh
40、ole that after lining complies with BS470 and one additional branch of not less than75mm bore to permit adequate circulation of air. NOTEIt is recommended that, where practicable, the minimum diameter of a manhole should be600mm. 2.2.4 Riveted constructions shall not be used. 2.2.5 Bolted joints sha
41、ll be permitted only if they can be dismantled for lining. 2.2.6 When calculating clearances, allowance shall be made for the thickness of the lining. 2.2.7 Surfaces to be lined shall be of a smooth contour. 2.2.8 Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projections shall be avoided. 2.2.9 Fittings which
42、 have to be installed after the completion of the lining process shall be designed to be lined or fabricated from materials that will not be affected by the process conditions. 2.2.10 Normally all connections to lined parts of equipment shall be flanged. If for any reason screwed connections are req
43、uired, then these parts shall be fabricated in corrosion-resistant materials. 2.2.11 Branches and outlets, except for plain ended pipes, shall be as short as possible and flanged so that the lining may be taken over the flange face to prevent the ingress of process fluid between the lining and the s
44、ubstrate. NOTEAcceptable flange systems are shown in Figure 1. Plain-ended pipes shall be designed so that the lining may be turned over the end and the outside of the pipe. Where pads are required they shall be designed as shown in Figure 1(d). Drilled and tapped holes in pads for studs shall not p
45、enetrate the shell of the equipment. 2.2.12 Heating coils, immersion heaters and sparger pipes shall be installed after the completion of the lining process and shall be located so that no part is closer than100mm from a lined surface. In the case of nozzles through which heating coils, etc. enter e
46、quipment, a smaller clearance is permitted provided that the temperature of the pipe through the nozzle does not exceed80C. In no case shall this clearance be less than25mm. Fluids introduced through sparger pipes or dip pipes shall not impinge directly on to the lining. External heating of equipmen
47、t shall not be permitted without full consultation with the applicator of the lining. 2.2.13 The design of pipework shall be such as to allow ready access to welds and bends for weld and surface preparation. NOTE 1Pipe systems made from straight lengths with separate “standard” (1.5D) bends and tees
48、 meet this requirement. Bends should not be greater than90. Where pipe systems include “non-standard” fittings their suitability for lining shall be established see1.3 a). Suitable arrangements are illustrated in Figure 2. The maximum dimensions of pipes and fittings which can be rubber lined shall
49、be determined during the exchange of information see1.3 a). Typical maximum lengths of straight pipe which can be rubber lined are detailed in Table 1. Table 1 Maximum length between flanges Cast iron pipework and fittings manufactured to BS2035are of suitable dimensions and shall be permitted for lining. Pipes less than25mm diameter shall not be rubber lined. Pipes less than450mm diameter shall be of seamless construction only. Screwed fittings shall not be rubber lined. Nominal pipe size Maximum length between flanges mm mm 25
