1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6464:1984 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Reinforced plastics pipes, fittings and joints for process plants UDC 621.643.2:678.067.5:66.026BS6464:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Plastics Standards Committee, was published
2、 under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 28 September 1984 BSI 03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PLM/9 Draft for comment 76/50861 DC ISBN 0 580 13776 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparatio
3、n of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics Standards Committee (PLM/-) to Technical Committee PLM/9 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Chemical Distributors and Traders Association Ltd. British Gas Corporation British Plastics Federation British Steel Industry Br
4、itish Valve Manufacturers Association Ltd. Copper Tube Fittings Manufacturers Association Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction) Department of the Environment (PSA) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Institution of
5、 Civil Engineers Institution of Municipal Engineers Institution of Public Health Engineers Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Mechanical Services Contractors Plastics and Rubber Institute Plastics Land Drainage Manufacturers Association Royal
6、Institute of Public Health and Hygiene STC Water Regulations and Fittings Scheme Water Companies Association Water Research Centre The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Adhesive Manufacturers Association British Board of
7、 Agrment Greater London Council Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association Institute of Plumbing Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Pitch Fibre Pipe Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 6294 November 1990 Indicated by a sideline in the
8、 marginBS 6464:1984 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword iii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Nomenclature, symbols and units for design 1 Section 2. Materials and properties 4 Thermosetting resin systems 2 5 Fibrous reinforcement 2 6 Aggregate
9、s and fillers 2 7 Thermoplastics liners 2 8 Cement for bonding spigot and socket joints 2 9 Mechanical properties 3 10 Thermal properties 3 11 Chemical properties 4 12 Construction of a chemical liner 4 13 Flammability 4 Section 3. Design and design calculations 14 General 5 15 Laminate design and t
10、hickness 6 16 Design calculations for pipes subject to internal pressure 7 17 Design calculations for pipes subject to vacuum 7 Section 4. Dimension markings and information 18 Dimensions 8 19 Tolerances on dimensions of pipes and fittings 9 20 Marking 9 21 Information 9 Section 5. Construction and
11、workmanship 22 Manufacturing conditions in works involving the cure of resins 10 23 Manufacturing procedure 10 24 Thermoplastics liners 10 25 Fittings 11 26 Joints 15 Section 6. Testing 27 Tests for design 18 28 Production testing 19 29 Welding procedure tests for thermoplastics linings 20 30 Tests
12、for production welds in thermoplastics linings 20 31 Production samples for mechanical tests on a laminate 20 Section 7. Inspection and testing 32 Facilities for inspection and testing 20 33 Certification of inspection and testing 20 Appendix A Information to be given with an enquiry or tender or on
13、 receipt of an order 22 Appendix B Methods of test 22 Appendix C Worked examples of the design method specified in section 3 28 Appendix D Methods of manufacture of reinforced plastics pipes 34 Appendix E Acceptable limits of visual defects 35BS6464:1984 ii BSI 03-1999 Page Appendix F Pipework fabri
14、cation methods 36 Figure 1 Limits of pressure and diameter 37 Figure 2 Relationship between thickness and glass content for laminates with resin of relative density, (+), 1.1 to 1.3 38 Figure 3 Relationship of unit modulus to winding angle 39 Figure 4 Factor related to temperature 39 Figure 5 Factor
15、 related to cyclic loading 40 Figure 6 Butt joint build-up for lined pipe 41 Figure 7 Pipework shapes for fabrication methods 1 and 2 42 Figure 8 Flanged pipe fittings for method 3 43 Figure 9 Typical stub flanges (type A) 44 Figure 10 Typical full faced flanges (types B and C) 45 Figure 11 Butt joi
16、nt build-up for unlined pipe 46 Figure 12 Test piece for the determination of shear strength of bond between thermoplastics lining and laminate 46 Figure 13 Test piece for the determination of lap shear strength of laminate 47 Figure 14 Test for the determination of peel strength of bond between the
17、rmoplastics liner and laminate 48 Figure 15 Test piece for the tensile strength of thermoplastics sheet and welds 49 Figure 16 Typical examples of laminate construction 50 Figure 17 Biaxial failure envelope 51 Table 1 Derivation of definitions relating to symbols 3 Table 2 Minimum mechanical propert
18、ies of reinforced laminate layers 4 Table 3 Factors to be applied to design unit load of continuous rovings for different winding angles 3 Table 4 Factor relating to method of manufacture 5 Table 5 Factor relating to loss in ultimate tensile strength 6 Table 6 Minimum socket depths 12 Table 7 Equati
19、ons for calculating fittings dimensions 13 Table 8 Minimum separation dimensions to be used in equations of Table 7 13 Table 9 Dimensions of flanges 14 Table 10 Thickness and mating dimensions of flanges and backing flanges 15 Table 11 Minimum butt joint overlay lengths including taper 17 Table 12 A
20、cceptable limits of visual defects 35 Table 13 Pipework fabrication methods 36 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS 6464:1984 BSI 03-1999 iii Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics Standards Committee. Its purpose is to establish a general standa
21、rd for the design and manufacture of reinforced plastics pipes and fittings for process plant. The manufacture of pipes and fittings in reinforced plastics involves a number of materials, plastics and reinforcing systems and a number of different methods of manufacture. Metallic pipes, being made fr
22、om materials which are isotropic, may conveniently be designed by calculating permissible stresses, based on measured tensile and ductile properties. Reinforced plastics are usually anisotropic, and the design method adopted in this standard, being based on unit loading, is particularly suited to th
23、e design of composite materials. This standard includes a method of calculation for an appropriate laminate construction based on the allowable unit loading and unit modulus for the type of composite concerned. Design factors are included to cover such variables as: a) deterioration of the composite
24、 properties over a long period; b) effect of temperature on the properties of the composite; c) repeated or alternating loading. The nominal pipe sizes specified in this standard have been selected from those under consideration within Technical Committee 138, Plastics pipes and fittings for the tra
25、nsport of fluids, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is implicit that pipes and fittings covered by this standard should be made only by manufacturers and operators (see23.1 and 24.4) who are competent and suitably equipped to fulfil all the requirements of this standard
26、. It is expected that these principles will be proved by documentation of past experience or by prototype testing, being supplied to the satisfaction of the purchaser or the nominated inspecting authority as appropriate. Attention is drawn to BS5480 which covers pressure and non-pressure GRP pipes,
27、joints and fittings intended for conveying, above or below ground, liquids including potable and non-potable water, foul sewage and storm water. The following publications give information on stress/strain analysis of laminates (see clause9 and15.1). Jones, R M, “Mechanics of composite materials”, M
28、cGraw Hill (1975) Calcote, L R, “The analysis of laminate composite structures”, van Nostsand (1969) Eckold, G C, Leadbetter, D, Soden, P D, and Griggs, P R, “Lamination theory in the production of pipeline envelopes for filament wound materials subject to biaxial loading”, Composites (1978) A Briti
29、sh Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
30、 cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 52, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS6464:1984 BSI 03-1999 1 S
31、ection 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for the materials, properties, design calculations, manufacture, inspection and testing of reinforced plastics pipes, fittings and joints consisting of thermosetting resin systems with glass fibre reinforcement (GRP) for process
32、plants. Constructions both with and without a lining of thermoplastics are included. The information to be supplied for designs for pipes and fittings to this standard is given inAppendix A. This British Standard is not applicable in the following circumstances: a) where the product of the design pr
33、essure in bar 1)and the nominal diameter in millimetres is more than 11 000 (seeFigure 1); b) where the operating temperature is outside the limits of 10 C to +110 C; c) where the pipes may be subject to some applied external pressure other than that due to soil loading or vacuum; d) where there is
34、a non-taint requirement, e.g. for the water and food industries, as no requirements are given for the effect of GRP on those materials. NOTE 1In addition to the specific exclusions above, the following points are emphasized and it should not be assumed that pipes made in accordance with this standar
35、d will necessarily be universally suitable for chemical plant use. 1) Unstressed dip coupon testing of sample laminates may not necessarily give a valid indication of the long term resistance of the material to the actual internal and external chemical environment. 2) Relatively small changes in the
36、 concentration of organic solvents and fluctuations in the operating temperatures can have marked effect on the chemical resistance of a GRP laminate. 3) Most of the practical experience and design data on which this standard is based relates to pipes which were made by the hand lay-up process and c
37、ontained large proportions of chopped strand mat reinforcement, and most of the practical experience under operating conditions was obtained with small diameter pipes which were only subject to low positive pressure. 4) In many chemical plants pipework may be subject to occasional applied loads or i
38、mpacts, which are not a part of the normal operating conditions. Care should be taken where such hazards are liable to arise. It is recommended therefore that manufacturers of GRP pipes should demonstrate their ability to produce satisfactory pipe and fittings for any specific duty, either by produc
39、ing documentary evidence of past performance under similar conditions or by making and testing prototype units. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this British Standard the definitions given in BS 17
40、55-1 apply, together with the following. 2.1 curing 2) the chemical reaction resulting in the final polymerized product NOTEIt may be effected at ambient temperature or by the use of heat. In certain resin systems the full cure has to be effected in two stages of which the first may, and the second
41、does, involve the application of heat. This second stage is known as the “post-cure”. 2.2 laminate 2) a resin reinforced with a form of glass fibre material 2.3 laying-up 2) a process of applying or producing laminates in position on a former prior to cure 2.4 aggregates an inert granular material o
42、f a size range between5mm and 0.05mm used as a design part of the structure NOTEAggregates, such as silica sands, may be incorporated where they are a design part of the composite structure. 2.5 inert fillers a fine material with a particle size below 0.05mm 2.6 angle of lay, the angle of the applic
43、ation of continuous rovings with respect to the horizontal axis 3 Nomenclature, symbols and units for design Several terms relating to the strength and load carrying capacity of individual layers of composite laminate are used in this standard. Some have similar but quite distinct meanings and becau
44、se of their similarity and their application, particular care is required in their use. The terms concerned are listed inTable 1, with their definitions, symbols and units. 1) 1 bar = 10 5N/m 2= 100 kPa. 2) These definitions differ from those given in BS 1755-1.BS6464:1984 2 BSI 03-1999 The followin
45、g additional symbols with their terms are used in the design calculations: Section 2. Materials and properties 4 Thermosetting resin systems NOTE 1The thermosetting resins used for the manufacture of pipes and fittings may be of a number of types. There are many resin systems in each type and the pr
46、operties of these systems vary, especially with respect to chemical resistance and heat distortion point. Polyester and epoxy resin systems shall comply with BS3532 and BS3534 respectively. In order for the chemical reaction, resulting in the final polymerized product, to take place hardeners, catal
47、ysts and accelerators shall be added to the resin in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. NOTE 2The amount of hardener, catalyst and/or accelerator used is critical, as it can affect both the rate of reaction and extent of the cure. NOTE 3If specified at the placement of an order, the
48、outer layer of resin may incorporate pigments, dyes or specific ultraviolet light absorbers to prevent the transmission of UV light and/or for identification purposes. 5 Fibrous reinforcement The glass fibre reinforcement used in the body of the laminate shall comply with BS3396, BS3496, BS3691 or B
49、S3749, as appropriate, and shall have a surface treatment compatible with the resin. 6 Aggregates and fillers The resin used shall contain only fillers as required for viscosity control; they shall be limited to a maximum of 5% of the mass of the resin and shall not interfere with the capability to visually inspect the laminate. Special additives, such as aggregates, graphite and fire retardants, etc., shall only be used to impart special properties, e.g. stiffness, conductivity. 7 Thermoplastics liners If
