1、BSI BSXb5Oi.I 84 = - BS 6504: i984 UDC 676.017.66 I O British Standards Institution. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in writing of Esl. British Standard Method for Determination of water absorption of paper and board (Klemm method)
2、I Mthode de dtermination de labsorption deau des papiers et cartons (Mthode Klemm) s Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Wasserabsorption von Papier und Pappe (Klemm-Verfahren) Foreword This British Standard, which is one of several relating to the testing of pulp, paper and board, has been prepared under
3、the direction of the Paper Standards Committee. It supersedes BS 2916 : 1957, which is withdrawn. A number of different methods of testing the absorbency of paper and board are available but the method known as the Klemm is commonly used. The liquid normally used in absorbency testing is water and i
4、t has been found that the apparent water rise increases with the ambient humidity. This method therefore requires the test to be carried out in a closed chamber which effectively provides a saturated atmosphere. This has the advantage that the test may be carried out with greater precision without t
5、he necessity of a controlled laboratory atmosphere. Because this method requires the test to be carried out in a closed chamber, it was decided to issue the standard under a new number, rather than retaining the number BS 2916, in which the method used was an open vessel method. The procedure descri
6、bed in this British Standard is at present under consideration by the relevant technical committee of the International Organization for Standardization and may eventually be adopted as an international standard. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obliga
7、tions. . 1. Scope This British Standard describes a method for determining the absorption of water by paper and board. The method is applicable to all paper and board with medium or high water absorbency where the wetting of the material can be detected visually. The method is not recommended for ma
8、terials having a capillary rise of less than 5 mm, for which other methods, such as BS 2644, may be more suitable. NOTE. The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back page. 2. Principle A strip of the material to be tested is suspended vertically with one
9、end immersed in water. The capillary rise in a given time is a measure of the absorbency of the material. The test is carried out in an enclosed vessel to provide a saturated atmosphere at the laboratory temperature. 3. Reagent 3.1 Distilled or deionized water. NOTE. Drinking water may be used if it
10、 can be shown to give results in agreement with those obtained with distilled or de-ionized water. - 4. Apparatus 4.1 Transparent water container at least 250 mm in depth. 4.2 Combined lid and test piece support fitted with two adjustable distance pieces at least 200 mm in length. NOTE. A suitable a
11、pparatus is shown in figure 1 and may be constructed from a material such as 6 mm clear acrylic sheet. The distance pieces are pointed at the lower end and threaded to permit adjustment. 4.3 Timer capable of indicating times up to 10 min to the nearest second. 4.4 Cathetometer or ruler having a grad
12、uated straight edge at least 300 mm in length, capable of being read to the nearest 0.5 mm. 4.5 Suitablepegs orpins for attaching test pieces to the test piece support. 4.6 Paper clips. 4.7 Pencil. 4.8 Straightedge. British Standards Institution BSI BS*h504 84 W Lb24669 OL9814L O BS 6504 : 1984 5. S
13、ampling Select samples in accordance with BS 3430, 6. Conditioning Condition samples at 50 % r.h. and 23 OC in accordance with BS 3431. 7. Preparation of test pieces Cut ten strips 15 mm wide and at least 200 mm long from the sample in the machine direction and if required, a further ten strips in t
14、he cross machine direction. NOTE. In cases where a minimum test length of 200 mm is not available, e.g. laboratory hand sheets, the required length may be made up by joining the test piece to an inert carrier. In such cases, the length of the inert carrier should be specified and included in the tes
15、t report. Draw a pencil line across each test piece at a distance of 15 f 1 mm from one end and fix a paper clip midway between the line and that end. 8. Procedure Place the water container on a flat level working surface and add water at 23 “C to a depth of 50 f 5 mm. Maintain the temperature at 23
16、 OC throughout the test. Place the lid on the container and adjust the distance pieces so that the points just touch the water surface. Remove the lid from the apparatus and lay it on the working surface with the distance pieces horizontal. Place a straightedge across the tips of the points and lay
17、each test piece in position with its pencil line along the _I straight edge. Fix the test piece to the lid by a pin or peg - through one of the holes provided. It is convenient to test five strips at a time. When all of the test pieces are fixed in position, replace the lid on the water container so
18、 that the weighted ends of the strips are immersed in water and immediately start the timer. After 10 min _+ 5 s, remove the lid with the strips and lay the assembly on the working surface. Within 10 s of removal from the water, draw pencil lines through the water fronts of the strips. If the front
19、is uneven, estimate the average position. . Measure the distances between the pencil lines to the nearest 0.5 mm. NOTE, It may be convenient to vary the time of test but in all such cases the time taken should be reported. 9. Calculation and expression of results Calculate the mean value of the ten
20、results for each direction tested. For absorbencies less than 20 mm, express the results to the nearest 0.5 mm. For absorbencies equal to or greater than 20 mm, express the results to the nearest 1 mm. Calculate the standard deviation of the test results for each direction tested. 1 O. Precision 10.
21、1 Repeatability. A collaborative exercise, involving six laboratories testing seven papers, indicated the repeatability of this method to be about 10 %. 10.2 Reproducibility. The came exercise indicated the reproducibility to be about 15 %- I I. Test report The test report shall include a reference
22、to this British Standard, together with the following information: .* Q (a) date and place of testing; (b) precise identification of the sample; (c) lengths of test strip and, if used, inert carrier; (d) mean machine direction water absorption value (Klemm 1; (e) standard deviation of the machine di
23、rection water absorption value; (f) if required, the mean and standard deviation of the cross machine direction water absorption value; (9) any departure from this method, including time o immersion, or other circumstances that may have affected the results. 2 Lid I test holder piece LB I U l U I-.
24、Adjustable Vessel distance piece E 8 N Spirit Secticin A-A Levelling screws Vessel m m Lid and support Figure 1. Klemm absorbency apparatus 3 U Section B-i3 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Paper Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Boar
25、d of BSI and comes into effect on 29 June 1984. O British Standards Institutlon. 1984 ISBN O 580 13896 8 British Standards Institution Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI is the independent national body for the preparation of British Standards. It is the UK member of the International Organization f
26、or Standardization and UK sponsor of the British National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Copyright Users of British Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all BSI publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permiss
27、ion in writing of BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols and size, type or grade designations. Enquiries should be addressed to the - Publications Manager, British Standards I nstitution, Linford Wood, . BS16504: 198
28、4 Milton Keynes MK14 6LE. The number for telephone enquiries is O908 320033 and for telex 825777. Contract requirements A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Revision of Bri
29、tish Standards British Standards are revised, when necessary, by the issue either of amendments or of revised editions, It is important that users of British Standards should ascertain that they are in pouession of the latest amendments or editions. Information on all BSI publications is in the BSI
30、Catalogue, supplemented each month by BSl News which is available to subscribing members of the Institution and gives details of new publications, revisioris, amendments and withdrawn standards. Any person who, when. making use of a British Standard, encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity, is request
31、ed to notify BSI without delay in orderthat the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAM/11 Draft for comment 83/37425 DC Li Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of t
32、his British Standard was entrusted by the Paper Standards Committee (PAMI-) to Technical Committee Her Majestys Stationery Office Man-made Fibres Producers Committee PAMI1 1 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Flbreboard Packaging Association British Paper and Board Industry Fe
33、deration (PIF) . British Printing Industries Federation - British Wood Pulp Association Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Stationers Association Ministry of Defence Paper Sack Development Association Ltd. Pira (The Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) Post
34、 Office Society of British Printing Ink Manufacturers University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology - , . .- 1 r. c . . . . - -. : Publications referred to BS 2644 Method for determination ofwatei absorption of paper and board (Cobbmethod) BS 3430 Method for sampling for testing paper
35、 and hoard BS 3431 Method for the conditioning of paper and board for testing . ,. . -. . For information about BSI sewices relating to third. party certification to suitable British Standard product specifications, schemes for the registration of firms of assessed capability, testing and inspection
36、 facilities, please contact the Director, Quality Assurance Division, BSI, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ Tel. Hemel Hempstead 31 1 1. _. Am end ment s i ss u ed si n ce pub I i cat i o n “- Amd. No. Date of issue . .Texi affected ._ . . . British Standards Institution . 2 Park Stre
37、et London WIA 2BS Telephone 01-629 9000 . Telex 266933 8406-3-1.2k-B . PAM/l1 iil Amendment No. 1 published and effective from 30 April 1985 to BS 6504 : 1984 Method for determination of water absorption of paper and board (Klemm method) AMD 4835 tl Correction AMD 4835 April 1985 Clause 10.2 Reproducibility In line 2 delete 20 % and substitute 15 %. 8504-1.5k-B PAM11 1
