1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6660-1:2005 Guide to setting up and maintaining micrographics and digital imaging units Part 1: Micrographics ICS 37.080 BS 6660-1:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 17 January 2005 BSI 17 January 2005 Fi
2、rst published as BS 6660 December 1985 Second edition January 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference IDT/1/2 Draft for comment 04/30080677 DC ISBN 0 580 45056 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Britis
3、h Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1, Document managing applications, to Subcommittee IDT/1/2, Applications issues, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM UK) British Library National Archives Photo Imaging Council Co
4、-opted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 6660-1:2005 BSI 17 January 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 1 4 Planning 1 5S i t e a n d s e r v i c e s
5、 3 6 Operation and maintenance 4 Bibliography 10 Figure 1 Typical example of unit for processing film 6 Figure 2 Typical example of source-document-filming unit 7 Figure 3 Typical example of microform-duplication unit 7 Figure 4 Typical example of small document centre 8 Figure 5 Typical example of
6、larger document centre 9BS 6660-1:2005 ii BSI 17 January 2005 Foreword This revision of BS 6660 has been prepared under the direction of the Information and Documentation Assembly (IDT/-) and its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1 to Subcommittee IDT/1/2. It supersedes BS 6660:19
7、85, which is withdrawn. It is intended that BS 6660 will consist of the following parts, under the general title Guide to setting up and maintaining micrographics and digital imaging units: Part 1: Micrographics Part 2: Digital imaging 1) This revision of BS 6660 has been prepared to make editorial
8、and technical changes that improve the accuracy and clarity of this British Standard. This British Standard is intended to help those who are new to microfilming and are planning to set up a micrographics unit for the first time. It will also be useful to those who are planning to expand or improve
9、an existing unit. Before attempting the set-up of a micrographics unit, considerable time needs to be spent on deciding how the unit is to fit into the working pattern of the organization. The role of some microfilm has changed with the coming of the digital age. Its future role is as a long-life st
10、orage material for many forms of data. The change has increased the need for producing microfilm of high quality. Most of the difficulties in producing high-quality microfilm may be avoided if the unit is properly planned in the first place. This guide refers to substances and procedures that may be
11、 injurious to health unless adequate precautions are taken. The user who follows the advice given in this guide is not absolved from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. In particular, attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and relevant regulations
12、 made under that. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
13、 cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. 1) In preparation.BS 6660-1:2005 BSI 17 January 2005 1 1 Scope This British Standard provides guidance on planning, operatin
14、g and maintaining a micrographics unit. It provides only a general outline of the matters to be considered, and users are advised to consult specialists about their detailed requirements. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
15、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 1153, Recommendations for processing and storage of silver-gelatin-type microfilm. BS ISO 6196-1, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 1: Gene
16、ral terms. BS ISO 6196-4, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 4: Materials and packaging. BS ISO 6196-6, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 6: Equipment. BS ISO 6196-7, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 7: Computer micrographics. BS ISO 6198, Micrographics Readers for transparent microforms Performance characteris
17、tics. BS ISO 7565, Micrographics Readers for transparent microforms Measurement of characteristics. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given in BS ISO 6196-1, BS ISO 6196-4, BS ISO 6196-6, BS ISO 6196-7 and the following apply. 3.1 document i
18、nformation on media to be microfilmed 3.2 micrographics unit unit responsible for the production of microforms, incorporating both microfilming equipment, associated offices and the staff responsible for their operation 4 Planning 4.1 General Current thinking suggests that a more complete solution t
19、o data handling is a hybrid system comprising a mixture of micrographic and digital operations. Scanning paper documents into digital form typically enables multi-user access from a computer-based desktop. Data that needs to be stored for lengthy periods should be kept as microform. These microforms
20、 should be easily available and suitable for conversion to electronic data by scanning.BS 6660-1:2005 2 BSI 17 January 2005 4.2 Documents to be microfilmed The unit should assess the documents to be microfilmed, in hard-copy or electronic form, in accordance with the following points: a) document si
21、zes; b) quantity to be microfilmed; c) quality of printing, typescript, drawings; d) whether one or both sides of the documents are to be microfilmed; e) whether documents are to be microfilmed in black and white or colour; f) whether there are documents that need special handling, either to preserv
22、e their integrity or to protect them from theft; g) whether the documents contain information that might be needed as evidence in legal cases and thus need to be processed in accordance with BS 1153; h) whether ephemeral as well as archival documents are to be filmed. NOTE For the preparation of doc
23、uments for microfilming, see BS 5444 and BS 5536. 4.3 Microforms When the documents have been assessed, consideration should be given to the types of microform that are suitable for the intended end-use. NOTE Information about roll film is given in BS ISO 6148, microfiche in BS ISO 9923, aperture ca
24、rds in BS ISO 3272-3 and microfilm jackets in BS ISO 8127-2. 4.4 Equipment The organization should seek advice about the equipment that will be needed to produce the microforms in the quantity needed. The following is a checklist of equipment that might be needed: a) cameras and camera accessories;
25、b) processors; c) readers conforming to BS ISO 6198 and BS ISO 7565; d) duplicators; e) quality control equipment including test charts, microscopes, densitometers, light tables, light boxes and spooling equipment; NOTE Information about the determination of the resolution in microcopying is given i
26、n BS 4657. f) aperture card and jacket mounters, cassette loaders; g) splicers; h) thermometers; i) storage equipment; j) silver-recovery equipment; k) safes, fire-proof/thief-proof; l) refrigerators; m) mechanical handling equipment for movement of heavy loads; n) office furniture and equipment; o)
27、 safety equipment.BS 6660-1:2005 BSI 17 January 2005 3 4.5 Space The minimum space for a micrographics unit should be 140 m 2 . Consideration should be given for expansion required by increased document throughput. Space should be provided for the following: a) a reception area; b) a document centre
28、 with space for storing, checking and collating documents that are to be microfilmed; c) equipment (see 4.4), with adequate access and room for operators and service engineers to work in comfort; d) a dark room (see 5.12); e) bulk storage of supplies, e.g. film for cameras, solutions for processors;
29、 f) a cool, dark storage area for film, away from chemicals; g) a separate room for the safe storage of hazardous chemicals; h) offices for administrative staff. 4.6 Legislation The construction of buildings, fire precautions and the storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals are the subject of nat
30、ional legislation and local by-laws. Local government planning officials, the fire authority, fire insurers and the Health and Safety Executive will be able to advise about current legislation and the safety precautions appropriate to a particular microfilming unit. They should be consulted at the e
31、arly stages of planning. 4.7 Staff Where possible, staff who will be involved in operating the unit should be involved in planning discussions from the start. 5 Site and services 5.1 Introduction The choice of site will usually be restricted to what is available within an existing building or group
32、of buildings (see 4.5). The recommendations given in 5.2 to 5.12 will help those who have to choose between several possible sites as well as those who are planning a micrographics unit for a new building. 5.2 Vibration Vibration can produce serious loss of definition in microforms. Most other drawb
33、acks can be overcome but it is rarely possible to stop vibration. It is essential that sites that are liable to vibration, e.g. because they are over or near a railway, motorway or other road carrying heavy traffic, are avoided. 5.3 Access Access should be checked before the site is chosen. If rooms
34、 are above ground level, it is essential that stairs, lift doors and other doors are large enough to allow equipment to be taken in and out. 5.4 Floor loading It is essential to ensure that the floor can support the weight of the equipment, furniture and staff. 5.5 Ceiling height For 35 mm planetary
35、 cameras, a ceiling height of at least 3 m should be available. In other cases, the ceiling height should be at least 2.4 m.BS 6660-1:2005 4 BSI 17 January 2005 5.6 Lighting Tungsten lamps should be used for lighting the room and there should be even distribution of light. Care should be taken, e.g.
36、 by provision of curtains, to prevent siting cameras in any position being affected by variations in general ambient light level. If colour film is used, achromatic (neutral-toned) curtains should be provided to enclose the camera and, similarly, achromatic clothing should be provided for the operat
37、ors. If the camera is correctly positioned in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations, there is no need to exclude daylight totally from the micrographics unit (see 6.2). 5.7 Dust Dust is the commonest cause of film scratching. Dusty sites should be avoided and rooms where film is exposed
38、and processed should be provided with dust extractors. 5.8 Ventilation Rooms where film is exposed and processed should be well ventilated as the equipment used can emit heat and fumes. Extraction should be provided for exposure areas and is essential for processing areas. 5.9 Electricity There shou
39、ld be an adequate supply of suitable electrical outlets. Some equipment might need a dedicated circuit. The power supply should be stabilized to avoid voltage fluctuation. 5.10 Water There should be an adequate supply of hot and cold water, filtered, deionized and maintained at the appropriate tempe
40、ratures and at the pressures specified by the equipment manufacturers. 5.11 Drainage There should be adequate drainage. Advice should be taken from the sewerage undertaker for the safe disposal of corrosive and hazardous chemicals (see also 4.6). 5.12 Dark room A dark room should be provided for fil
41、m loading, processing, etc., if necessary. Planning should address appropriate access, services, safe lighting and ventilation needs. 6 Operation and maintenance 6.1 Layout of equipment The equipment should be arranged in a way that facilitates an even and direct flow of work. Figure 1 to Figure 5 i
42、llustrate typical examples of such layouts. They are included for guidance only. The layout suitable for any particular application will depend on the size and shape of the space available, the size of the equipment and the work-flow pattern needed. 6.2 Cameras Cameras should be positioned away from
43、 direct sunlight (see 5.6). 6.3 COM and other electronic recorders Recorders should be sited in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations (see also 5.8 and 5.12). 6.4 Microform readers Microform readers should be positioned as recommended by the manufacturer. Attention is drawn to the Health
44、 and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992. 6.5 Work stations Work stations should provide the operator with some privacy, while allowing adequate supervision. They should be designed so that the size and number of the pieces of equipment can be varied to meet changes in demand. 6.6 Sea
45、ting The height of chairs should be adjustable.BS 6660-1:2005 BSI 17 January 2005 5 6.7 Maintenance instructions Instructions for maintenance of equipment should be drawn up in accordance with the manufacturers advice. Distinction should be made between maintenance that can be left to the operator a
46、nd maintenance that requires a trained technician. The instructions should include advice about cleaning targets and lenses, changing lamps, the use of cotton gloves for handling film and general care of the equipment. Information on hazards and procedures for safe handling of any chemicals used sho
47、uld be readily available. 6.8 Warning notices Notices warning of any hazards should be prominently displayed on or adjacent to the equipment concerned. 6.9 Safety and security of documents Procedures should be drawn up to ensure the safety and security of all documents and microforms. A system of re
48、ferencing should be devised to ensure that any document currently within the microfilming unit can be retrieved at short notice. 6.10 Storage of film Silver-gelatin-type microfilm should be processed and stored in accordance with the recommendations of BS 1153. Films of different generic types shoul
49、d not be stored in the same cabinet. All film should be protected from the damaging fumes emitted by certain materials. 6.11 Records Provision should be made for creating and maintaining records of the microfilming activities, especially where needed for legal and procedural purposes. The following should be considered: a) progress of documents through the unit; b) equipment life; c) methods of work; d) staff training; e) staff records; f) accident reports; g) COSHH
