1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7044-1: 1990 Artificial sports surfaces Part 1: Classification and general introductionBS7044-1:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and come
2、sintoeffecton 28February1990 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/14 Draft for comment 88/38753 DC ISBN 0 580 17844 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textil
3、es and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/14, upon which the following bodies were represented: Birmingham City British Amateur Athletic Board British Amateur Weight Lifters Association British Association of Advisers and Lecturers in Physical Education British Le
4、ather Confederation British Sports and Allied Industries Federation Central Council of Physical Recreation City of Glasgow Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Education and Science Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Af
5、fairs Division) English Basketball Association Home Office Institute of Trading Standards Administration Ministry of Defence Physical Education Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Recreation and Leisure Trade Association Sports Council The following bodies were also represented in the
6、drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of District Councils British Floor Covering Manufacturers Association British Plastics Federation Institute of Leisure b) surfaces for individual sports. Each of these classes is further classified into the following: 1) surface
7、s for outdoor use; 2) surfaces for indoor use. The surfaces for general use are also further classified into the following: i) medium duty; ii) heavy duty; iii) spike resistant. The surfaces for individual sports may be further classified into intended level of use, for example international, nation
8、al, county, club or recreational. The designations of these classifications are given in Table 1. Additionally, it is necessary for the purchaser to specify, in the case of outdoor surfaces, whether the playing layer (and the substrate) is to be permeable or non-permeable, if this requirement is not
9、 specified in the relevant Part of BS7044. Table 1 Classification of surfaces Surface Designation General use, medium duty, outdoors General use, medium duty, indoors General use, heavy duty, outdoors General use, heavy duty, indoors General use, spike resistant, outdoors General use, spike resistan
10、t, indoors Individual sport, outdoors Individual sport, indoors MD/O MD/1 HD/O HD/I SR/O SR/I a a a Example are Cricket/O/country and club, Cricket/I/school.BS7044-1:1990 2 BSI 07-1999 Ideally, all sports activities should have the surface individually specified but economic pressures dictate that i
11、n many installations a number of sports have to be played in the same space and often on the same surface. For this reason, general classes have been defined in this standard. In selecting a surface to be used for a number of sports, it should be recognized that no surface meeting the requirements o
12、f any of the general classes can be equally satisfactory for all the sports which could be played on it. Even if a surface appears satisfactory for a given sport as regards playing characteristics, it may not be satisfactory in terms of safety. Where more than one sport has to be played on a single
13、surface, there has inevitably to be a compromise which purchasers will have to make in the light of their objectives for the use of the space in which the surface is to be laid. NOTE 2Guidance on selecting a surface is given inAppendix B. 4 Substrates The top layers will be laid onto some form of su
14、bstrate or basework and this substrate will influence, sometimes to a large degree, the performance of the surface. This is the case, for instance, when considering the resilience of a thin, soft surface. Where it may affect the result, it is essential that performance tests to assess compliance wit
15、h the requirements for any of the classes defined in this standard are carried out with the top layers backed by the substrate to be used in the final installation. NOTERequirements for substrates will be given in another Part of BS7044. 5 Performance parameters Performance requirements for the clas
16、ses of surface defined in clause 3 will be given in BS7044-4 for surfaces for general (multi-sport) use and in subsequent Parts BS7044 for surfaces for individual sports. NOTEThe relevance of many of the performance parameters is discussed inAppendix C.BS7044-1:1990 BSI 07-1999 3 Appendix A Types of
17、 artificial sports surfaces A.1 General Artificial surfaces can be divided into those for outdoor and those for indoor installations (seeclause3). The main distinction is that outdoor surfaces have to be very resistant to weathering and the top layers have to be designed in conjunction with the subs
18、trate on which they are laid to give adequate drainage. This distinction between outdoor and indoor installations is maintained in the classification of surfaces used in this standard. A most important distinction for outdoor surfaces can be made between those which are permeable and those which are
19、 non-permeable. A permeable top layer on a suitably permeable substrate does not have to be laid to falls to ensure drainage. However, some fall may have to be allowed for because of the decrease in permeability due to clogging of pores. Furthermore, with a permeable construction, there will be less
20、 tendency for water to be retained between the blades of artificial grass or in the hollows of any surface pattern. This needs to be specified when purchasing a surface. A division can also be made between permanent and temporary installations. Most installations are intended to be permanent and the
21、 substrate has to be chosen accordingly. Certain types of surface can be used as temporary installations but no distinction is made in this standard as regards performance between permanent and temporary use. The performance requirements for surfaces, to be given in subsequent Parts of BS7044, will
22、not in most cases classify surfaces by the material or the method of construction used. It is, however, advantageous to appreciate the general characteristics of the various types of surface which are available and these are given for guidance in A.2 to A.7. Any of these materials may be used in com
23、bination as a multi-layer surface construction. If a rigid surface is mounted in such a manner that a fairly heavy impact will cause a large area of the floor to deflect, then this type of surface is a sprung floor. Springing may result from wood joists themselves, rubber or foam pads or underlayers
24、, or actual springs. It is apparent that, depending on the construction, a variety of sprung or semi-sprung floors can be constructed with different characteristics. Springing is advantageous in certain circumstances because the shock of impact is reduced and the apparent resilience is increased. Th
25、e term “area elastic” is sometimes applied to this type of surface. The term “point elastic” is sometimes applied to surfaces, such as the polymeric surfaces, which on impact only deform appreciably at and immediately surrounding the point of impact. More rigid materials, such as concrete, deform ve
26、ry little on impact. By a combination of materials, a floor can have the characteristics of being point elastic to a ball dropped on it, whilst being area elastic to the greater energy of a falling athlete. A.2 Concrete surfaces Concrete forms a very hard, durable and water resistant surface which h
27、as high resilience and good slip resistance. It is not recommended for sports involving much bodily contact because of the risk of injury through jarring and abrasion. Permeable and non-permeable constructions are available. A.3 Coated macadam surfaces Coated macadam surfaces include bitumen, asphal
28、t, tar macadam and those surfaces modified by polymeric additives. They are generally slightly less hard than concrete, durable, water resistant, and have good slip resistance and fairly high resilience. Additives can appreciably lower stiffness and at the same time reduce the tendencies to soften a
29、nd be prone to permanent indentation at high temperatures. Permeable and non-permeable constructions are available. Colour coatings may be applied to these surfaces which may affect the frictional properties. A.4 Timber surfaces Timber surfaces include those made of timber as well as those made of c
30、omposite boards, e.g.chipboard. Timber floors may be supported by joists or battens, with or without pads, or laid in the form of blocks directly on to concrete. Timber is less hard than concrete and is durable but not water resistant. Resilience varies with the type of timber but is generally high
31、when laid directly on concrete. When laid on joists or battens with pads, there will generally be a degree of springing, and apparent stiffness and resilience will vary considerably with energy of impact. Friction is generally lower than for concrete or asphalt but is normally sufficient to prevent
32、slipping. Friction will, however, be modified by any surface treatment used, e.g.sealant. A.5 Composition surfaces The materials used to form composition surfaces include cement, wood granules, fillers and binders and they can be formed into a seamless floor on site or produced in the form of blocks and tiles which are usually bonded to a substrate. They are harder than timber but have better stability, are water resistant and their properties are likely to be more uniform over a large area. Slip resistance will depend on the surface treatment used.
