1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7044-2.3: 1990 Artificial sports surfaces Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.3: Methods for determination of durabilityBS7044-2.3:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe aut
2、hority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 31 October 1990 BSI 03-1999 First published, November 1989 Second edition, October 1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/14 Drafts for comment 89/36318 DC 89/36259 DC ISBN 0 580 18590 7 Committee
3、s responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/14, upon which the following bodies were represented: Birmingham City British Amateur Athletic Board British Amate
4、ur Weight Lifters Association British Association of Advisers and Lecturers in Physical Education British Leather Confederation British Sports and Allied Industries Federation Central Council of Physical Recreation City of Glasgow Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Education and Science
5、Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Affairs Division) English Basketball Association Home Office Institute of Trading Standards Administration Ministry of Defence Physical Education Association of Great Britain and Northern Irela
6、nd Recreation and Leisure Trade Association Sports Council The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of District Councils British Floor Covering Manufacturers Association British Plastics Federation Institute of Leisure
7、and Amenity Management RAPRA Technology Ltd Sports Turf Research Institute Textile Institute Textile Research Council Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS7044-2.3:1990 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Metho
8、d 1. Determination of abrasion resistance to abrasive wheels 1 3 Method 2. Determination of abrasion resistance to metal blades 1 4 Method 3. Determination of fatigue resistance 4 5 Method 4. Determination of low temperature impact resistance 5 6 Method 5. Determination of spike resistance 5 7 Metho
9、d 6. Determination of resistance to indentation 8 Figure 1 Test piece holder 2 Figure 2 Abradant 3 Figure 3 Spike resistance tetrahedron 7 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS7044-2.3:1990 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 7044 has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles a
10、nd Clothing Standards Policy Committee and forms part of a comprehensive BritishStandard on artifical sports surfaces. A classification and general introduction is given in Part 1. This Section supersedes BS 7044-2.3:1989 which is withdrawn. This edition introduces additional methods but does not re
11、flect a full review or revision of the standard which will be undertaken in due course. This Section of BS 7044 describes six methods of test. Methods 1 to 5 are largely based on the methods of test given in the Sports Council Specification for Artificial Sports Surfaces, 1984. Method 5, however, di
12、ffers in that a spiked tetrahedron is used instead of a spiked sphere. Method 6 is largely based on section 5 of BS 7188:1989 but differs in the diameter of the foot and the duration of the test. WARNING NOTEThese methods do not necessarily detail all precautions necessary to meet the requirements o
13、f the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the methods should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are respon
14、sible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has bee
15、n updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS7044-2.3:1990 BSI 03-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS7044 describes methods of test for the determination of abrasion resistance to abrasive wheels, abra
16、sion resistance to metal blades, fatigue resistance, low temperature impact resistance, spike resistance and resistance to indentation of artificial sports surfaces. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Method 1. Determination of abra
17、sion resistance to abrasive wheels 2.1 General This method is suitable for testing all types of artificial sports surfaces, other than artificial grasses, using test pieces in the laboratory. The result obtained gives a measure of the resistance of the surface to abrasion by abrasive wheels. 2.2 Pri
18、nciple A test piece is abraded by the action of a pair of abrasive wheels, and the resulting loss in mass is measured. 2.3 Apparatus 2.3.1 Rotary platform double head abrasion machine, as specified in ISO5470. 2.3.2 1) Freshly refaced abrasive wheels, acting under a load of 500g per wheel. 2.3.3 Bal
19、ance, weighing to an accuracy of 0.01g. 2.3.4 Graph paper. 2.4 Test pieces Three pieces of surface of minimum length 100mm and minimum width 100mm for unaged material or one piece of surface of minimum length 100mm and minimum width 100mm for aged material shall be tested. 2.5 Conditioning Condition
20、 the test piece(s) for a minimum duration of 3h at the test temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test temperature shall be 23 2 C. 2.6 Procedure Use the balance (2.3.3) to weigh the test piece (2.4). Position the test piece in the abrasion machine(2.3.1), lower the abrasive wheels (2.3.2) on
21、 to the test piece and start the machine. After1000 revolutions stop the machine, remove any loose debris from the test piece and reweigh. Repeat this procedure four times so that the test piece is subjected to a total of 5000 revolutions. After each 1000 revolutions reface the abrasive wheels in ac
22、cordance with the manufacturers instructions. NOTEIf smearing of abrasive occurs causing the wheels to become loaded, the test should be regarded as invalid. The problem may be overcome by shortening the interval before refacing the wheels. When testing unaged material, repeat the procedure with the
23、 other two test pieces. 2.7 Calculation and expression of results 2.7.1 Aged material. Calculate and record the incremental mass loss per 1000 revolutions. Plot a graph (2.3.4) of the incremental mass loss against the number of revolutions. 2.7.2 Unaged material. Calculate and record the incremental
24、 mass loss per 1000 revolutions for each test piece. Calculate and record the arithmetic mean mass loss for the three test pieces after each of the five successive 1000 revolution test periods. Plot a graph of the mean incremental mass loss against the number of revolutions. 2.8 Test report The test
25、 report shall include the following particulars: a) complete identification of the surface tested including manufacturers references and previous history; b) a reference to this method, i.e. method 1 of BS7044-2.3:1990; c) the temperature of test and relative humidity, if required; d) the type of ab
26、rasive wheels used; e) the incremental mass loss per 1000 revolutions for the aged test piece, or, when testing unaged material, the arithmetic mean mass loss for each 1000 revolutions for the test pieces; f) details of any deviation from the procedure. 3 Method 2. Determination of abrasion resistan
27、ce to metal blades 3.1 General This method is suitable for testing non-sand filled artificial grass surfaces using test pieces in the laboratory. The result obtained gives a measure of the resistance of the surface to abrasion by metal blades. 1) For information on the availability of suitable abras
28、ive wheels, apply to Enquiry Section, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, enclosing a stamped addressed envelope for reply.BS7044-2.3:1990 2 BSI 03-1999 3.2 Principle A test piece is abraded by the action of rotating metal blades, and the resulting loss in mass is measured. 3.3 Apparatus 3.3
29、.1 2) Abrasion machine, based on the principal of Schiefer, consisting of a circular test piece holder (seeFigure 1) rotating at the same speed and in the same direction as the circular abradant holder but with the axes of rotation offset. The abrader shall have the following characteristics: a) the
30、 test piece and abradant shall have a nominal speed of 156 r/min; b) the test piece shall have an exposed area of645mm 2 ; c) the abradant shall have an exposed area of approximately 10000mm 2 ; d) the distance between the axes of the test piece and the abradant holders shall be 25.4mm; e) the abrad
31、ing pressure shall be 55kPa. 3.3.2 Abradant, which shall be a row of metal blades (seeFigure 2) acting under a load of 2000g. 3.3.3 Balance, weighing to an accuracy of 0.001g. 3.3.4 Circular cutter and press. 3.3.5 Graph paper. Figure 1 Test piece holder 2) For information on the availability of sui
32、table abrasion machines, apply to Enquiry Section, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, enclosing a stamped addressed envelope for reply.BS7044-2.3:1990 BSI 03-1999 3 Figure 2 AbradantBS7044-2.3:1990 4 BSI 03-1999 3.4 Test pieces Three pieces of surface of minimum length 60mm and minimum widt
33、h 60mm for unaged material or one piece of surface of minimum length 60mm and minimum width 60mm for aged material shall be tested. Cut circular test piece(s) of nominal 38mm diameter using the circular cutter and press (3.3.4). 3.5 Conditioning Condition the test pieces for a minimum duration of3h
34、at the test temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test temperature shall be 23 2 C. 3.6 Procedure Mount the test piece (3.4) in the holder and use the balance (3.3.3) to weigh the combined holder and test piece. Fasten the test piece holder on to the abrasion machine (3.3.1), lower the abrada
35、nt (3.3.2) on to the test piece and start the machine. After 1000 revolutions stop the machine, inspect the test piece for damage and remove any loose debris from the test piece and abradant. After a further 1000 revolutions stop the machine, inspect the test piece for damage, remove any loose debri
36、s from the test piece and abradant and reweigh the combined holder and test piece. Repeat this procedure four times so that the test piece is subjected to a total of 10000 revolutions. When testing unaged material, repeat the procedure with the other two test pieces. NOTEIf necessary, reduce the thi
37、ckness of the backing material of the test piece to enable it to be conveniently mounted in the test piece holder. Great care should be taken to avoid damaging the layer where the pile is attached to the backing and the thickness should be reduced evenly. 3.7 Calculation and expression of results 3.
38、7.1 Aged material. Calculate and record the incremental mass loss per 2000 revolutions. Plot a graph (3.3.5) of the incremental mass loss against the number of revolutions. 3.7.2 Unaged material. Calculate and record the incremental mass loss per 2000 revolutions. Calculate and record the arithmetic
39、 mean mass loss for the three test pieces after each of the five successive 2000 revolution test periods. Plot a graph of the mean incremental mass loss against the number of revolutions. 3.8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) complete identification of the surfa
40、ce tested including manufacturers reference and previous history; b) a reference to this method, i.e. method 2 of BS7044-2.3:1990; c) the temperature of test and relative humidity, if required; d) the incremental mass loss per 2000 revolutions for the test piece or, when testing unaged material, the
41、 arithmetic mean mass loss for each 2000 revolutions increment for the test pieces; e) details of any deviation from the procedure. 4 Method 3. Determination of fatigue resistance 4.1 General This method is suitable for testing all types of artificial sports surfaces using test pieces in the laborat
42、ory. The result obtained gives a measure of the resistance of the surface to fatigue from repeated impacts. 4.2 Principle A weighted metal foot is repeatedly dropped on to the surface, which is then examined for damage and permanent distortion. 4.3 Apparatus 4.3.1 Dynamic impact apparatus, consistin
43、g of the following: a) a means of repeatedly dropping a load under gravity from a height of 40 5mm above the top of the test piece at a frequency of 40 2 impacts per minute; b) a load of either 5 0.1kg for testing classes HD/O, HD/I, SR/O and SR/I surfaces, or2.5 0.05kg for testing classes MD/O and
44、MD/I surfaces (see BS 7044-1); c) an impacting surface comprising two metal bars each measuring 50mm by 6mm with a minimum depth of 10mm and having a radius of1 0.1mm on the impacting edges: the bars are held parallel and 382mm apart. d) a test piece carrying plate which traverses backwards and forw
45、ards in a direction perpendicular to the long edges of the impacting bars at 750 20mm per minute over a distance of 40 2mm. 4.4 Test piece A piece of surface of minimum length 125mm and minimum width 125mm shall be tested. 4.5 Conditioning Condition the test piece for a minimum duration of3h at the
46、test temperature. Unless otherwise specified the test temperature shall be 23 2 C.BS7044-2.3:1990 BSI 03-1999 5 4.6 Procedure Clamp the test piece (4.4) in the dynamic impact apparatus (4.3.1) taking care that the surface does not bow. Run the machine for 20,000 20 impacts. After a recovery period o
47、f 30 1min, examine the test piece for any deterioration. 4.7 Expression of results Note any visual signs of deterioration, especially cracking or break up of the surface. 4.8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) complete identification of the surface tested includi
48、ng manufacturers reference and previous history; b) a reference to this method, i.e. method 3 of BS7044-2.3:1990; c) identification of the impacting load used including reference to any standard to which it conforms; d) the temperature of test and relative humidity, if required; e) any deterioration
49、 of the surface; f) details of any deviation from the procedure. 5 Method 4. Determination of low temperature impact resistance 5.1 General This method is suitable for testing all types of artificial sports surfaces using test pieces in the laboratory. The result obtained gives a measure of the resistance of the surface to damage due to impacts at low temperature. 5.2 Principle A sphere is dropped vertically from a given height on to the surface conditioned to a low temperature, and the area of impact is subsequently examined for damage.
