1、BS 7272-1:2008Writing and marking instruments Part 1: Specification for caps to reduce the risk of asphyxiationICS 01.100.40; 97.180; 97.190NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in
2、this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 59994 1The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference TDW/4Draft for comment 07/30170002 DCPublication historyFirst published as BS 7272 January 1990Second edition, March 1998First
3、 published as Part 1 (renumbering amendment) September 2000Second (present) edition, April 2008Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 7272-1:2008 BSI 2008 iBS 7272-1:2008ContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 13 Requirements 14 Identification 3AnnexesAnnex A (
4、normative) Test for air flow 4Annex B (informative) Design guidance for pen caps vent area 5Bibliography 7List of figuresFigure 1 Schematic diagram of gauge 2Figure A.1 Schematic diagram of test rig 5Figure B.1 Sectional view of cap 6Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside f
5、ront cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover.BS 7272-1:2008ii BSI 2008 This page deliberately left blank BSI 2008 iiiBS 7272-1:2008ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 7272 is published by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2008. It was prepared by Panel TDW/4/-/2, Drawing med
6、ia, under the authority of Technical Committee TDW/4, Technical product realization (TPR). A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis part of BS 7272 supersedes BS 7272-1:2000+A1:2000, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other
7、publicationsThis part of BS 7272 is technically related to ISO 11540. Information about this documentIf a child inhales a pen cap it might become lodged below the larynx and so block the trachea. The risk of asphyxiation can be reduced if the pen cap is ventilated or too large to enter the airway. C
8、hildren should be actively discouraged from sucking, chewing or putting pen caps in their mouths. A way of avoiding the risk of inhalation of caps of writing and marking instruments is to manufacture products without caps whenever possible. However, if caps are essential, the provisions of this part
9、 of BS 7272 minimize risk by specifying the design and performance of ventilated caps which reduce the likelihood of inhalation and delays asphyxiation pending medical intervention. The Technical Committee recognizes that whilst it is possible to identify the age range of the children who are most a
10、t risk, it is not possible to identify with certainty any writing instruments with detachable caps that would never be accessible to children and hence never pose a risk. It is, however, acknowledged that certain products (i.e. writing and marking instruments which are designed or only intended for
11、use by adults, e.g. jewellery pens, expensive fountain pens, professional technical pens) are not intended for use by children and such items should be clearly labelled to that effect.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its requiremen
12、ts are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with The BSI guide to stand
13、ardization Section 2: Rules for the structure, drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall .”. This means that only those products that are capable of p
14、assing the specified test will be deemed to conform to this standard.BS 7272-1:2008iv BSI 2008Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Stand
15、ard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2008 1BS 7272-1:20081 ScopeThis part of BS 7272 specifies requirements to reduce the risk of asphyxiation from caps for writing and marking instruments. It relates to such instruments which in normal or foreseeable circumstances are likely to be
16、 used by children up to the age of 14 years. This part of BS 7272 is not applicable to the following: writing and marking instruments which are designed or only intended for use by adults, e.g. jewellery pens, expensive fountain pens, professional technical pens. Transit caps for refills are not cov
17、ered by this part of BS 7272.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 7272, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1 writing and marking instrumentsinstruments for writing or marking with a detachable cap, including pens with a self-contained reservoir of ink or other marking
18、fluid2.2 capdetachable closure designed to cover the writing or marking tip when not in use3 Requirements3.1 GeneralCaps shall conform to at least one of the following: 3.2 or 3.3.3.2 Cap sizeWhen a cap is introduced with its main axis perpendicular to a 16+0.050.00mm diameter ring gauge of at least
19、 19 mm thickness, and part of the cap enters the gauge, at least 5 mm of the length shall not enter under its own weight. (See Figure 1.)NOTE Caps which conform to this subclause are deemed to be too large to present an inhalation hazard.BS 7272-1:20082 BSI 20083.3 Ventilated caps air flowWhen teste
20、d in accordance with Annex A, caps shall permit a minimum air flow of 8 l/min, measured at room temperature, with a maximum pressure drop of 1.33 kPa.NOTE 1 For caps relying on internal ventilation, a singular circular orifice with a cross-sectional area of approximately 3.4 mm2can be expected to sa
21、tisfy this criterion, but multiple small orifices might require a larger total cross-sectional area.NOTE 2 Guidance is given in Annex B for caps that rely on external ventilation.NOTE 3 Caps conforming to this subclause are deemed to not present an asphyxiation hazard.Figure 1 Schematic diagram of g
22、augeDimensions in millimetresKey1 Direction of fall2 Ring gauge3Cap123165 mm+0.05-0.0019 mmmm BSI 2008 3BS 7272-1:20083.4 Test reportThe report shall indicate whether the cap conforms to 3.2 or 3.3.NOTE The test report should indicate at least the following information:a) the size of the tubing used
23、 (see A.2.6) and its % relationship to the circumscribing circle of the caps tested.b) the number of caps tested, the airflow of each cap in both directions and the minimum air flow recorded.4 IdentificationWriting or marking instruments, or their packaging or accompanying documentation, shall be le
24、gibly and indelibly identified with the name, trademark or other means of identifying the manufacturer/supplier.BS 7272-1:20084 BSI 2008Annex A (normative) Test for air flowA.1 PrincipleThe test cap is fully inserted into an elastomeric tube of the appropriate diameter and the air flow through the t
25、ube and the pressure drop are measured in both directions.A.2 ApparatusA.2.1 Air supply, pulse free and with a flow rate of at least 25 l/min within the pressure range of 4 kPa to 50 kPa.A.2.2 Flow regulator, capable of controlling the air flow with an accuracy of 0.1 l/min.A.2.3 Flow gauge, capable
26、 of measuring a flow rate of between 5 l/min and 10 l/min with an accuracy of 0.2 l/min.A.2.4 Pressure gauge, capable of measuring a pressure of at least 4.00 kPa to an accuracy of 0.01 kPa.A.2.5 Coupling and tubing, suitable for connecting equipment described above in accordance with Figure A.1.A.2
27、.6 Elastomeric tubing, with an internal diameter of 80% to 85% of that of the circumscribing circle of the cap to be tested, measured at its widest point; with a wall thickness of 0.75 mm 0.25 mm and Shore A hardness of 55 10.NOTE 1 The apparatus is illustrated in Figure A.1.NOTE 2 Tubing of diamete
28、rs appropriate to the cap body might be difficult to obtain and it might be advantageous to manufacture the tubing, as required, by a dip-moulding technique.A.3 ProcedureA.3.1 Cut the elastomeric tubing (see A.2.6) into a length such that when the cap is inserted there is a relaxed diameter of tubin
29、g at both ends of the cap when connected in the apparatus. Apply a soap solution or other suitable low viscosity lubricant to the full internal area of the tubing. Insert the cap into approximately the centre of the tube length and ensure that as far as practicable the cap is parallel to the major a
30、xis of the tubing.A.3.2 Using suitable connectors and tubing, connect the tube/cap assembly (see A.3.3) to the apparatus, in accordance with Figure A.1. Turn on the air supply and adjust the flow until the pressure gauge indicates a pressure difference of 1.33 kPa. Record the flow rate indicated on
31、the flow gauge at this pressure.A.3.3 Turn off the air supply, remove and reverse the tube/cap assembly and repeat A.3.2. Test the cap, giving the air flow results found in each direction.A.3.4 Complete the test report (see 3.4). BSI 2008 5BS 7272-1:2008Annex B (informative) Design guidance for pen
32、caps vent areaA continuous air passage of a least 6.8 mm2should extend for the length of the cap body to within 2 mm of both ends. The cross-sectional area of the continuous air passage, if not entirely enclosed, should be that area that would be enclosed by a thin piece of cotton thread wrapped tau
33、tly around any section perpendicular to the main axis or the largest dimension (see Figure B.1). Alternatively, this area can be calculated using a CAD system. Where a clip or other protrusion is the means of providing the air passage it should be securely fixed and it should extend to within at lea
34、st 2 mm of each end of the cap body.NOTE 1 The clip may extend any distance beyond the end of the cap body.NOTE 2 Caps conforming to this annex are unlikely to present an asphyxiation hazard, but need air flow testing to validate. Some caps quite different in configuration from the design described
35、in this annex but which rely on external ventilation might nevertheless satisfy the air flow requirements in 3.3 if tested using elastomeric tubing close to the maximum permitted internal diameter. A wise precaution is to retest such caps using tubing with an internal diameter close to 80% of the ca
36、ps circumscribing circle.Figure A.1 Schematic diagram of test rigKey1 Air supply2 Flow control valve3 Flowmeter4Presure gauge5Elastomeric tubing6Cap7Air exhaust2345 671BS 7272-1:20086 BSI 2008Figure B.1 Sectional view of capDimensions in millimetresNOTE 1 It is essential that measurements are made a
37、t each change of section.NOTE 2 included area has to be not less than 6.8 mm2except within 2 mm of either end of cap body.Key1 Line of cotton thread2 Included area122 mm2 mmAAA - A BSI 2008 7BS 7272-1:2008BibliographyFor dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the l
38、atest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11540, Caps for writing and marking instruments intended for use by children up to 14 years of age Safety requirementsBSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing Britis
39、h Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the c
40、onstant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
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