1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7370-4:1993 Grounds maintenance Part 4: Recommendations for maintenance of soft landscape (other than amenity turf) ICS XX.XXX BS 7370-4:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee, was published
2、 under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 February 1993 BSI 2007 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference EPC/2 Draft for comment 91/52822 DC ISBN 0 580 21111 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation
3、 of this British Standard was entrusted by the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee (EPC/-) to Technical Committee EPC/2, upon which the following bodies were represented: Anglian Water Authority Association of County Councils Association of Playing Fields and Landscape Managers Brit
4、ish Association of Landscape Industries British Waterways Board Commonwealth War Graves Commission Countryside Commission for Scotland Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Department of Transport Electricity Association Institute of Groundsmanship Institute of Leisure and Amenity
5、 Management Institition of Water and Environmental Management National Farmers Union National Turfgrass Council Sports Turf Research Institute Water Services Association of England and Wales Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 7370-4:1993 1 Contents Page Committees responsib
6、le Inside front cover Foreword 3 Guide Section 1. General Introduction 4 1.1 Scope 4 1.2 References 4 1.3 Definitions 4 1.4 Background information 7 Section 2. Categories of soft landscape 2.1 General 10 2.2 Trees 10 2.3 Scrub 15 2.4 Dune vegetation 16 2.5 Parks and garden styles of planting other t
7、han trees 17 2.6 Roses 17 2.7 Herbaceous plants and ornamental grasses 18 2.8 Rock gardens and borders 18 2.9 Bulbs 18 2.10 Seasonal beddings 19 2.11 Plants in containers 19 Section 3. Operations 3.1 Site assessment 21 3.2 Inspections 22 3.3 Protected trees 24 3.4 Maintenance programmes 24 3.5 Opera
8、tions general to all types of plantings 25 3.6 Pruning 38 3.7 Tree operations 44 3.8 Operations on heaths and moors 56 3.9 Protective systems 59 3.10 Dune maintenance 59 Section 4. Recommended maintenance programmes for each category of soft landscape 4.1 General procedure 63 4.2 Trees 66 4.3 Hedges
9、 68 4.4 Scrub 69 4.5 Seminatural shrub-dominated areas containing gorse, heather and associated herbaceous plants 69 4.6 Dune system 70 4.7 Ornamental shrubs 70 4.8 Ground covering plants 71 4.9 Climbing plants 71 4.10 Roses 72BS 7370-4:19932 Page 4.11 Herbaceous plants 73 4.12 Rock gardens and bord
10、ers 76 4.13 Bulbs 77 4.14 Seasonal bedding 79 4.15 Plants in containers 81 Annexes A (informative) Bibliography 83 B (normative) Operations recommended in different seasons on various aspects of soft landscape 86 C (normative) Safety precautions 87 Tables 1 Field identification and description of so
11、ils 23 2 Frequency of watering hanging baskets in southern England 82 B.1 Operations recommended 86 Figures1 Succession of species from open land to closed woodland 92 Mature woodland structure 123 Cultivation tools 284 Manuring mature trees 325 Informal supports chosen to be just below the height o
12、f the fully grown herbaceous plant 356 Tying-in low-slung branches 367 Shrub pruning 398 Layered and staked hedge 439 Rose pruning 43 10 Protection of forest nursery trees against gnawing animals 45 11 Tree guard for high amenity areas 45 12 Sawn-oak tree enclosure to protect trees against cattle 46
13、 13 Fencing to exclude rabbits and other animals 46 14 Methods of using twin stakes 49 15 Tree sizes and supports 50 16 Props 51 17 Felling diagram 53 18 Tree felling 54 19 The effect of hinge shape on direction of fall 54 20 Handjack used for stump removal 56 21 Fencing for dunes 61 List of referen
14、ces 89BS 7370-4:1993 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 1 4BS 7370-4:1993 Section 1 5BS 7370-4:1993 6 Section 1BS 7370-4:1993 Section 1 7BS 7370-4:1993 8 Section 2BS 7370-4:1993 10 Section 2BS 7370-4:1993 Section 2 11BS 7370-4:1993 12 Section 2BS 7370-4:1993 Section 2 13BS 7370-4:1993 14 Section 2BS 7370-4:199
15、3 Section 2 15BS 7370-4:1993 16 Section 2BS 7370-4:1993 Section 2 17BS 7370-4:1993 18 Section 2BS 7370-4:1993 Section 2 19BS 7370-4:1993 20 Section 2BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 21BS 7370-4:1993 22 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 23BS 7370-4:1993 24 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 25BS 7370-4:1993 2
16、6 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 27BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 29BS 7370-4:1993 30 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 31BS 7370-4:1993 32 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 33BS 7370-4:1993 34 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 35BS 7370-4:1993 36 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 37BS 7370-4:1993 38 S
17、ection 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 39BS 7370-4:1993 40 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 41BS 7370-4:1993 42 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 43BS 7370-4:1993 44 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 45BS 7370-4:1993 46 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 47BS 7370-4:1993 48 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section
18、 3 49BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 50BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 51BS 7370-4:1993 52 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 53BS 7370-4:1993 54 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 55BS 7370-4:1993 56 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 57BS 7370-4:1993 58 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 59BS 7370-4:1993 60 56 Sect
19、ion 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 3 61BS 7370-4:1993 62 Section 3BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 63BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 64BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 65BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 66BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 67BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 68BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 69BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 70BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4
20、71BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 72BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 73BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 74BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 75BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 76BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 77BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 78BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 79BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 80BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 81BS 7370-4:1993 Section 4 82B
21、S 7370-4:1993 Annex A 83BS 7370-4:1993 Annex A 84BS 7370-4:1993 Annex A 85BS 7370-4:1993 Annex B 86BS 7370-4:1993 Annex C 87BS 7370-4:1993 Annex C 88BS 7370-4:1993 89BS 7370-4:1993 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body respons
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