1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7463-7: 1995 ISO9184-7: 1994 Fibre furnish analysis of paper, board and pulps Part7: Determination of weight factorsBS7463-7:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Materials and Chemicals Sector Board (I/-), waspublished under the authorityof th
2、e Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 January1995 BSI10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAI/11 Draft for comment92/46423DC ISBN 0 580 23659 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard wa
3、s entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Carton Association British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Printing Industries Federation British Textile Confederation Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Stationers Association Her Majestys
4、Stationery Office Institute of Paper Conservation Paper Federation of Great Britain Pira International Post Office University of Manchester (Institute of Science and Technology) Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7463-7:1995 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Commit
5、tees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definition 1 4 Principle 1 5 Reagents, apparatus and reference pulp 1 6 Preparation of sample 1 7 Preparation of fibre slides 1 8 Procedure 2 9 Expression of results 2 10 Test report 2 Annex A (informative)
6、 Bibliography 3 Table 1 Repeatability values obtained interlaboratory 2 List of references Inside back coverBS7463-7:1995 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This Part of BS7463 has been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Board. It is identical with ISO9184-7:1994 Paper,
7、 board and pulps Fibre furnish analysis Part7: Determination of weight factor, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correc
8、t application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding British Standard BS7463 Fibre furnish analysis of paper, board and pulps ISO9184-1:1990 Part1:1991 General method (Identical) ISO9184-2:1
9、990 Part2:1991 Guide to staining (Identical) ISO9184-6:1994 Part6:1995 Determination of fibre coarseness (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see cop
10、yright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS7463-7:1995 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This part of ISO9184 specifies two methods for determining the weight factor of fibres used in the fibre furnish analysis of paper, board
11、 and pulp. In this part of ISO9184, the weight factor is obtained either by a comparison method or by calculating from the fibre coarseness. This part of ISO9184 is applicable to all kinds of fibres of pulps from unmixed wood species. In this context, it means pulps which do not contain more than5%
12、of other fibres with an essentially different weight factor (seeISO9184-1:1990, Annex A). 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO9184. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were va
13、lid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO9184 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standard
14、s. ISO9184-1:1990, Paper, board and pulps Fibre furnish analysis Part1: General method. ISO9184-2:1990, Paper, board and pulps Fibre furnish analysis Part2: Staining guide. ISO9184-6:1994, Paper, board and pulps Fibre furnish analysis Part6: Determination of fibre coarseness. 3 Definition For the pu
15、rposes of this part of ISO9184, the following definition applies. 3.1 weight factor a specific dimensionless quantity for each kind of fibre. It is the ratio of the mass per unit length of a particular kind of fibre to that of a reference fibre with a mass per unit length of0,180mg/m NOTE 1Originall
16、y rag (staple cotton) fibre was selected as the standard fibre with which all other fibres were compared. The weight factor or rag was taken as1,00 and its average fibre coarseness was found to be0,180mg/m 1) . 4 Principle 4.1 Comparison method The sample to be tested is mixed in slush form with the
17、 reference pulp (seenote2), in a known ratio of masses, to form a homogeneous mixture. The numbers of fibres of both pulps are counted under the microscope and the weight factor of the sample is calculated. NOTE 2The reference pulp may be any pulp that contains only one type of well-defined fibre (m
18、echanical pulps and beaten pulps are unsuitable), and whose weight factor is known or has been determined from fibre coarseness (see9.2). The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (FPPRI) keeps in stock a selected uniform batch of cotton linters. The fibre coarseness of the fibres from this batc
19、h has been carefully determined at FPPRI and at STFI, Stockholm, Sweden. Samples of this batch, with the assigned value of fibre coarseness, can be ordered from FPPRI (address: PO Box70, SF-02151 Espoo Finland) or from STFI (address:POBox5604, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden). 4.2 Fibre coarseness method
20、The weight factor is calculated from the fibre coarseness as described in9.2. (SeeISO9184-6 for determination of fibre coarseness). 5 Reagents, apparatus and reference pulp Use the reagents and the apparatus described in ISO9184-1. Select the reference pulp so that when stained as described in ISO91
21、84-2 it differs in colour from the unknown pulp. Cotton is suitable in the test mixtures with all kinds of wood fibre pulps (seenote2). 6 Preparation of sample 6.1 Air-dry pulp Tear about5g of the sample and of the reference pulp into small pieces and place them in separate Petri dishes or similar d
22、ishes. 6.2 Slush pulp Make a pad by filtering a sample of the slush pulp on a glass filter. Air-dry the pad and continue as described in6.1 for a sample of air-dry pulp. 7 Preparation of fibre slides 7.1 Weighing of test mixtures Condition the sample and the reference pulp in the open Petri dishes f
23、or not less than4h near the balance. 1) The references cited in Annex A may be useful in this respect.BS7463-7:1995 2 BSI 10-1999 Prepare test mixtures containing about20%,40%,60% and80% by mass of the sample, the balance being the reference pulp. 7.2 Fibre slides Disperse the mixtures and prepare t
24、he slides as specified for pulp samples in ISO9184-1. Prepare two slides for each mixture i.e.eight slides in all. Use an appropriate stain to differentiate the reference pulp from the sample (seeISO9184-2). 8 Procedure Use the procedure described in ISO9184-1. Identify and count under the microscop
25、e the fibres of the sample and of the reference pulp separately when they cross the centre mark of the eyepiece. Count approximately300 fibres on each slide i.e.about600 fibres for each mixture. Repeat the procedure with the remaining three mixtures. 9 Expression of results 9.1 Comparison method Cal
26、culate the weight factor of the sample, f x , for each mixture separately using the equation Compare the values of f xobtained for the four mixtures. If the minimum value exceeds80% of the maximum value, calculate the mean weight factor from the four results. If the minimum value is less than80% of
27、the maximum value, recount the number of fibres in the mixtures for which the extreme values are obtained, by preparing two new slides and repeating the procedure. If the minimum value now exceeds80% of the maximum value, recalculate the mean using the new values. If the minimum value still is less
28、than80% of the maximum value, discard the results and repeat the determination from the beginning. Report the weight factor to two decimal places. 9.2 Fibre coarseness method Calculate the weight factor, f, from the fibre coarseness,A l , using the equation 2) f=5,55 lReport the weight factor as a d
29、imensionless value to two decimal places. 9.3 Precision The precision of the results depends both on the skill of the operator and on the number of fibres counted. Chemical softwood pulps with weight factors in the range from0,9 to1,1 have been analysed for the repeatability of the comparison method
30、 at the Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute by several operators using several instruments. The difference between two test results did not, in95% of cases, exceed the values given in Table 1. Table 1 Repeatability values obtained intralaboratory, r w(weight factor range:0,90to1,10) 10 Test re
31、port The test report shall include the following particulars: a) reference to this part of ISO9184 and the method in the determination; b) all the indications necessary for complete identification of the sample; c) the results; d) the name, origin and weight factor of the reference pulp; e) any unus
32、ual features observed in the course of the test; f) any operations not specified in this part of ISO9184 or regarded as optional, which might have affected the results. where f r is the weight factor of the reference pulp; n r is the number of reference pulp fibres counted; n x is the number of samp
33、le pulp fibres counted; m r is the weighed mass of the reference pulp; m x is the weighed mass of the sample. f x f rn r m x n x m r - = 2) The references cited in Annex A may be useful in this respect. where l is the fibre coarseness, expressed in milligrams per metre to three significant figures.
34、Number of fibres counted Comparison method r w Fibre coarseness method (in accordance with ISO9184-6:1994, subclause10.2) r w 2400 0,12 0,06 10000 0,11 0,04BS7463-7:1995 BSI 10-1999 3 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 CLARK, J. dA. Notes on Weight Factors for Fiber Microscopy. Tappi 34 (1951):7,
35、pp.317318. 2 LAAMANEN, J. and ILVESSALO-PFFFLI, M. S. Determination of Fibre Composition and Requisite Weight Factors in Nonwoven Fabrics. Paperi ja Puu Paper and Timber, 55,(1973):11, pp.829844. 3 STRELIS, I. Improved Method of Fibre Analysis of Newsprint. Pulp and Paper Mag. Can. 70,(1969):13, pp.
36、6366.4 blankBS7463-7:1995 BSI 10-1999 List of references See national foreword.BS7463-7: 1995 ISO9184-7: 1994 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards
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