1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7488:1991 Recommendations for Handling glass bottles, containing carbonated soft drinks or carbonated water, in filling plants, warehouses, and retailers premisesBS7488:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Packaging andFreight Containers Stan
2、dardsPolicy Committee,waspublished underthe authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 30September1991 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/563 Draft for comment 90/41523DC ISBN 0 580 20030 2 Committees responsible for thi
3、s British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/563, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry Brewers Society Br
4、itish Glass Manufacturers Confederation British Pharmacopoeia Commission British Plastics Federation British Soft Drinks Association Ltd. Campden Food and Drink Research Association Chemical Industries Association Child Accident Prevention Trust Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Dairy Trade Federatio
5、n Department of Health Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, CA Division) Food and Drink Federation Honey Importers and Packers Association Institute of Trading Standards Administration Metal Packaging Manufacturers Association National Association of Cider Makers Retail Consortium
6、 Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Scotch Whisky Association Scottish Association of Soft Drinks Manufacturers Welsh Beekeepers Association Wine and Spirit Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7488:1991 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Commi
7、ttees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Fillers purchases 1 4 Filling recommendations 1 5 Secondary packaging 2 6 Breakages in warehousing and distribution 2 7 Additional recommendations for retailers 2 Publication(s) referred to Inside back cove
8、rBS7488:1991 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee because it was recognized that the treatment to which glass bottles are subjected can weaken them. Weakening effects need to be minimize
9、d and damage to bottles, caused by impacts or abrasion, should therefore be avoided. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of its
10、elf confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indic
11、ated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS7488:1991 BSI 10-1999 1 0 Introduction Glass bottles are made and tested to ensure that they can withstand pressures that occur in use and are well suited for packaging carbonated soft drinks; glass prevents loss of carbonation and maintains th
12、e drink in good condition. However, glass is breakable and should always be handled with care; bottles containing liquid under pressure should never be dropped or mishandled. Managers and supervisors should ensure that their staff, visitors to their premises and customers follow these recommendation
13、s where relevant. 1 Scope This British Standard gives recommendations for handling glass bottles that are under pressure from their content of carbonated soft drink or water. The standard is intended for managers and supervisors in soft drinks bottling factories, in charge of distribution lorries, i
14、n warehouses, depots, retail shops and supermarkets up to the point where the products are purchased by the customer and removed from the premises. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 high spots irregularities in the material of construction o
15、f the conveying system 2.2 specified fill height the fill height given in the design specification 2.3 secondary packaging packaging that is not in contact with the beverage 3 Fillers purchases All glass bottles for packaging carbonated soft drinks should be manufactured in accordance with BS7367. W
16、hen ordering crates, trays, dividers, shrinkwrap material and closures, fillers should verify that the manufacturers of these items have taken into account the contribution of the secondary packaging and closures to the safe handling of the glass bottles. Refillable bottles returned for refilling sh
17、ould always be washed. To prevent undue deterioration of the glass surface, bottles should not be allowed to remain in contact with hot, strong caustic solution for more than30min. To avoid thermal shock to the glass, the temperature difference between successive sections of the washer should not in
18、crease by more than42 C or decrease by more than28 C. All bottles should be visually or automatically inspected after passing through a washer to detect and remove bottles with defects such as chips or conchoidal fractures. NOTEConchoidal fractures are sometimes referred to butterfly bruises. 4 Fill
19、ing recommendations 4.1 Eye protection Operatives on all filling lines should wear suitable eye protection (see BS2092). 4.2 Breakages in the filling hall There is a risk of glass getting into open bottles in the section of the filling hall between washing or rinsing and closing. Should a breakage o
20、ccur in this area any bottles containing glass fragments and any broken glass should be removed (see also4.4 andclause6). 4.3 Conveyors Conveyor and machine speeds should be adjusted to minimize bottle-to-bottle or other impacts and to reduce the pressure between bottles. All elements of the conveyi
21、ng system that are likely to impact or abrade the walls of a bottle should be made of, or covered by, hardwearing plastics to reduce damage on impact. Guide rails should be aligned and their height and spacing adjusted so as to assist smooth flow and minimize impacts. Regular inspection of the conve
22、ying system should be undertaken to detect and remove any high spots (see2.1) and misalignments which could damage the bottles. 4.4 Filling Bottles should be positioned accurately under each valve, with no contact between the vent tube and bottle finish. Vent tubes should be maintained in good opera
23、ting condition. Bottles should be filled as close as possible to the specified fill height (see2.2). If a bottle bursts whilst on the filling machine adequate precautions should be taken to ensure that no other bottle is affected (see4.2). Guidance can be obtained from the filling machine manufactur
24、er.BS7488:1991 2 BSI 10-1999 4.5 Closing Closure applying machines should be adjusted correctly for top pressure and alignment. Samples from the line should be taken at regular intervals and examined to ensure that the closure has been applied correctly. The closures should also be examined for any
25、defects. 4.6 Manual handling When manual handling is carried out, operatives should be warned in particular of the risks from broken bottles. Managers and supervisors should ensure that operatives wear protective gloves (see BS1651), eye protection (see BS2092), footwear (see BS1870) and clothing of
26、 a suitable nature. 5 Secondary packaging To minimize impacts when crating refillable bottles automatically or manually, the bottles should be lowered into the crates with the smallest possible drop and care should be taken to avoid impacts with other bottles or guide rails. Non-refillable bottles,
27、especially when of a capacity greater than500mL, should be packed to minimize bottle-to-bottle impact. If the secondary packaging is damaged or defective, the pack should always be repacked. All secondary packs should be evenly stacked on undamaged pallets. Ideally the pattern of alternate layers sh
28、ould be reversed to produce an interlocking stack (see BS6837). If they need to be column stacked, at least the top layer should be secured. The number of pallets that can be safely stacked one above the other is dependent on the bottles, closures, type of secondary packaging, and storage conditions
29、 and should be determined in consultation with the manufacturers of these items. This number should never be exceeded. Pallets should be moved with care avoiding bumping, jerking, shunting and dropping. 6 Breakages in warehousing and distribution If a bottle containing a carbonated drink is dropped
30、or suffers a severe impact, it should be treated with caution as it could fail some time later. The bottle should not be picked up immediately but left for a few minutes. Then wearing protective gloves, glasses and other suitable clothing (see BS1651, BS2092 and BS1870) the bottle should be removed
31、to a safe place. The contents should then be emptied and the bottle disposed of safely. All breakages should be attended to immediately wearing protective gloves, glasses and other suitable clothing. Broken glass should be gathered carefully using a soft bristle broom or hand brush. If a bottle brea
32、ks in its secondary pack, the pack should be left for a few minutes. The pack should then be put aside in a safe place, in case other bottles are also damaged, and carefully stripped down. Once the outer packaging has been stripped, fragments of glass stuck to the outer surface of remaining bottles
33、should be removed. Any damaged bottles should be emptied and disposed of safely. Should a bottle break in a crate, all traces of broken glass should be removed before the crate is used again. This will avoid damage to other bottles or to anyone subsequently handling the crate. The crate should be ch
34、ecked to ensure that no glass is imbedded or trapped in it. 7 Additional recommendations for retailers NOTEThe recommendations given in7.1 to7.3 are additional to those given inclauses5 and6 7.1 Reception Packs of carbonated soft drinks bottles should be moved with care. They should never be thrown
35、or dropped. Pallets should be moved smoothly without bumping, jerking, shunting or dropping. Stocks of carbonated drinks should never be left in direct sunlight but stored in the coolest part of the storage area; however they should not be allowed to freeze. When moving them care should be taken not
36、 to shake them unnecessarily. Before handling shrinkwrapped packs or cases, they should be examined for signs of damage, for example looseness of shrinkwrapping, dampness or stains on secondary packaging, or cracked bottles. If there are signs of damage, stock should be handled with extra care. Crac
37、ked bottles or those with damaged caps should never be exposed for sale. 7.2 Stacking Crates should be stacked so that bottles are upright to prevent them falling out. Cage pallets or dump bins or similar containers should never be used for tumble or loose packing bottles because they allow serious
38、bottle-to-bottle impact. Shelves should never be overloaded. Items should never be allowed to overlap the edge of shelves. Bottles or multipacks should never be balanced precariously on top of one another, either in the warehouse or the shop.BS7488:1991 BSI 10-1999 3 Bottles of carbonated drink shou
39、ld not be stacked on high shelves. Difficulty in reaching bottles could result in an accident. 7.3 Removal from sale If an individual bottle containing a carbonated drink is dropped or suffers a severe impact, a member of staff should immediately ask any customers to stand back and not to attempt to
40、 pick it up. The bottle should be removed by a member of staff using gauntlets, covering and wrapping the bottle in a cloth or carrying it in a used carton. The contents should then be emptied and the bottle disposed of safely. If it becomes necessary for safety reasons to remove a consignment of ca
41、rbonated drinks in glass bottles from sale, special handling instructions should be obtained from the drinks supplier and acted upon.4 blankBS7488:1991 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 1651, Specification for industrial gloves. BS 1870, Safety footwear. BS 2092, Specification for eye-protec
42、tors for industrial and non-industrial uses. BS 6837, Specification for plan dimensions of rigid rectangular transport packages with a modular relationship to1200mm 1000mm and1200mm 800mm pallets and unit loads. BS 7367, Specification for manufacture of glass bottles for carbonated soft drinks inclu
43、ding carbonated water. BS 7488:1991 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Char
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