1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7500:1995 Specification for Marking of recycled paper and boardBS 7500:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof theMaterials and Chemicals Sector Board (I/-), waspublishedunder the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15March1995 B
2、SI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAI/12 Draft for comment 93/312369 DC ISBN 0 580 23294 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/12, Nomenclatur
3、e for the paper and stationery trades, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of County Councils British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Printing Industries Federation Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Stationers Association Her Majest
4、ys Stationery Office National Association of Paper Merchants Paper Federation of Great Britain Pira International Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7500:1995 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definit
5、ions 1 4 Marking 1 Annex A (informative) Yields 2 Annex B (normative) Method of calculating the recycled fibre contentofpaperand board 2 Annex C (informative) Use of yield and net fibre balance 2 List of references Inside back coverBS7500:1995 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been p
6、repared by Technical Committee PAI/12, Nomenclature for the paper and stationery trades. This British Standard does not currently address the issue of grades, types and sources within the overall recycled fibre content, but should these matters become more relevant to the objectives of the standard
7、in the future, a revision of the standard will be undertaken. It is recognized that there are a number of individual approval schemes for paper and board which involve assessment of its recycled fibre content and type. Agreement and compliance with such schemes is a private matter between buyer and
8、seller and is outside the scope of this standard. The identifications and logos of such schemes may be reproduced on the product in question, but in a manner and position which avoids any possible confusion with the identification allowed by this British Standard. A British Standard does not purport
9、 to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cove
10、r, pages i and ii, pages1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS7500:1995 BSI 08-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifi
11、es the manner in which recycled paper and board is marked for fibre content and gives the method of calculation. The standard covers material of all grammages and grades. This British Standard does not include mill broke as recycled fibre. 2 Informative references This British Standard refers to oth
12、er publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitio
13、ns apply. 3.1 fibre composition the fibrous constituents of paper or board and their proportions in it. The fibre composition is usually expressed as a percentage of the total mass of fibrous material 3.2 waste paper paper and board that may be reclaimed from a converting operation or after use for
14、remanufacture into paper or board 3.3 mill broke paper or board occurring as waste at any stage during the manufacturing process or in subsequent finishing or converting operations which do not alter the characteristics of the paper or board other than physical shape, and which can be reused without
15、 the need for special treatment techniques NOTE 1This term is designed to cover all process waste paper and board which is generated within the geographical location of the paper mill making the grade in question. An exact definition of the term is considered impossible to attain and would probably
16、cause confusion anyway. This is because of the complexity of paper processing and converting operations, which may or may not be situated in the same geographical location as the paper mill. Also, these operations may sometimes create waste which, because of the physical or chemical changes which oc
17、cur, would be at least as difficult to recycle as material which would otherwise be described as waste paper. Examples of such processes are coating, gluing, corrugating and laminating. NOTE 2Paper manufacturers will make a judgement on the interpretation of this term but have to be prepared and abl
18、e to publicly justify their decision. 3.4 recycled fibre fibre obtained from waste paper and incorporated into the fibre composition of paper pulp 3.5 virgin fibre fibre, from wood and non-wood sources, which has not previously passed through a paper or board-making operation 3.6 fibre yield the ove
19、n-dry weight of cellulose fibre available for feed in the paper machine after stock preparation and cleaning, expressed as a percentage of the total oven-dry weight of its raw material (virgin fibre orwaste paper) as delivered to the paper mill (seeAnnex A) NOTE 3The oven-dry moisture content is det
20、ermined in accordance with BS3433. 4 Marking When calculated in accordance with Annex B, the product shall be marked or labelled with the following: a) the name, trademark or other means of identifying the manufacturer/supplier; b) the manufacturers/suppliers code or other means by which traceabilit
21、y of the product can be assured; c) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e.BS 7500:1995 1) ; d) the percentage of recycled fibre content, in numbers and words. NOTE 1For example,75% recycled fibre. NOTE 2It is not permissible to use the term “recycled fibre content” on its own in connecti
22、on with this standard. NOTE 3The attention of manufacturers/suppliers claiming compliance with this British Standard is drawn to the right of consumers to request the values used in the calculation to be made available. 1) Marking BS7500:1995on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers
23、declaration of conformity, i.e.a claim by oron behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also b
24、e desirableBS 7500:1995 2 BSI 08-1999 Annex A (informative) Yields Yields vary widely and depend upon the fibre contents of the grades of waste paper and the types of paper being produced. For instance, a clean waste of high fibre content being used in a product with low cleanness and brightness req
25、uirements could have a yield as high as95%. Conversely, a low grade waste which requires de-inking and extensive cleaning before being used could have a yield as low as60%. For example, it is known that yields in the range85% to95 %occur for waste paper used in corrugating materials and of60% to80%
26、for that used in printings and writings grades. Virgin fibre normally produces a yield close to100%. Annex B (normative) Method of calculating the recycled fibre content of paper and board NOTEMill broke is not included as recycled fibre. B.1 Net fibre balance Calculate the percentage of recycled fi
27、bre content of a given product from the following net fibre balance equation. where NOTEAnnex C gives an explanation of the use of yield within the net fibre balance. The yields of various types of waste paper and virgin fibre are determined by experience within paper mills. B.2 Examples The followi
28、ng examples illustrate the use of the net fibre balance equation given inB.1. Example 1 A mill makes an order consisting of100t gross of a product. To do this, it finds that it requires50t (oven-dry) of waste paper and57t (oven-dry) of virgin fibre. Experience has shown that86% of the weight of this
29、 particular waste is carried forward as fibre through the paper machine preparation and cleaning system and becomes available as papermaking fibre (yield =86%). The yield of virgin fibre is100%. Therefore: Example 2 A mill makes an order consisting of60t gross of a product. To do this, it requires80
30、t (oven-dry) of waste paper only. In this case, the waste has to be de-inked and more vigorously prepared than in example1and its yield is therefore lower at75%. Therefore: Annex C (informative) Use of yield and net fibre balance This British Standard calculates recycled fibre content using net weig
31、hts of fibre based on yield. When any paper-making fibres are processed, there are losses of various sorts due to screening, cleaning, de-inking, etc. Also, many grades of waste paper contain non-fibrous materials, some of which will also be lost and which will not, in any case, contribute to the re
32、cycled fibre content of any new product. It should be noted (see Annex B) that mill broke is omitted from the calculation. It might appear, therefore, that those mills making products from only waste paper would be unable to claim a100% recycled content description if broke arising on the paper mach
33、ine itself was used as a proportion of the input. Reference to example2in Annex B indicates that this is not the case. Reused broke from the paper machine making the grade in question is regarded as forming part of the machine closed loop and thus having a neutral effect on the calculation of recycl
34、ed fibre content. f is the percentage of recycled fibre content; W is the weight of waste paper entering the paper mill for making the product (excluding mill broke) expressed on an oven-dry basis; y 1 is the yield of the waste paper W for the grade being manufactured; V is the weight of virgin fibr
35、e as received by the mill for making the product, expressed on an oven-dry basis; y 2 is the yield of virgin fibre V (normally100%).BS7500:1995 BSI 08-1999 3 The use of a calculation based on yield has the following advantages. a) It is the method which comes closest to a true measure of the recycle
36、d fibre content in the final product. There is no known method for analysing papers for recycled fibre composition. However, all paper mills have knowledge of yields and can thus make an informed estimate using this method. b) It recognises that waste paper treatment operations have losses and takes
37、 them into account by only considering the residual fibre content of the wastes being treated. c) It allows realistic comparisons to be made between products irrespective of their non-fibrous constituents and prevents overestimates of recycled fibre content being made (including figures in excess of
38、100%) where gross waste paper weights are used.4 blankBS7500:1995 BSI 08-1999 List of references (see clause 2) Informative references BSI publications BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London BS 3433:1986, Method for determination of moisture content of paper and board by the oven-drying method. BS 75
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