1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7952:2001 Specification for chemical firelighters in solid form used for the ignition of solid fuels in residential heating and cooking appliances ICS 75.160.10; 97.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS 7952:2001 This British Standard, havin
2、g been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 2001BSI 05-2001 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RHE/28 Draft for comment 99/7018
3、72 DC ISBN 0 580 33243 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/28, Domestic solid mineral fuel appliances, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Association for Chemical Specialists Briti
4、sh Charcoal Group Caravan Club Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Trade and Industry Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 7952:2001 BSI 05-2001 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside Front Cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Definition
5、s 6 4 Peformance 6 5S a f e t y 6 6 Consumer Packaging 6 7 Product Marking 7 Annex A (normative) Method of test for determining the burning characteristics of a firelighter 8 Annex B (normative) Method of test for ignition performance of a firelighter 8 Annex C (normative) Methods for the determinat
6、ion of the flash point of liquid fuel constituents 19 Annex D (normative) Method of test for the evaluation of the consumer package 20 Figure B.1 Arrangement of test setting 12 Figure B.2 Dimensions and development of metal gather 16 Figure B.3 The London Fulham MK II Inset Open Fire 17 Figure B.4 P
7、ositioning of Moll thermopile 18 Figure B.5 Water-cooled back for non-compensated Moll thermopile 19 Bibliography 21BS 7952:2001 ii BSI 05-2001 Foreword This standard has been prepared under the direction of the Refrigerating, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Policy Committee, RHE/-. It is a n
8、ew standard and no other standard is superseded. This standard deals with chemical firelighters in solid form used to light solid fuels in residential heating and cooking appliances, excluding barbecue appliances, and specifies the safety, performance, packaging and marking requirements for the prod
9、uct. Methods of test for verifying the requirements are also given as normative annexes. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with this British Standard does not
10、 of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 7952:2001 BSI 05-2001 5
11、 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the safety, performance, packaging and marking requirements including the methods of test for chemical firelighters in solid form used to light solid fuels in residential heating and cooking appliances. NOTE These chemical firelighters may somtimes be used to
12、 light campfires or bonfires. This British Standard neither covers firelighters used to light solid fuels in barbecue appliances nor gas powered firelighters. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of t
13、his part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 1251, Specification for open fireplace components. BS 1846-1, Glossary of t
14、erms relating to solid fuel burning equipment Part 1: Domestic appliances. BS 2000-57, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Part 57: Petroleum products Determination of the smoke point of kerosine. BS 2000-107, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Part 107: Determination of sulfu
15、r Lamp combustion method. BS 2000-156, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Part 156: Liquid petroleum products Determination of hydrocarbon types Fluorescent indicator adsorption method. BS 2000-170, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Part 170: Petroleum products and other liq
16、uids Determination of flash point Abel closed cup method. BS 3900-A8, Methods of test for paints Part A8: Test for flash/no flash (closed cup equilbrium method). BS 3900-A9, Methods of test for paints Part A9: Determination of flashpoint (closed cup equilibrium method). BS 3900-A13, Methods of test
17、for paints Part A13: Test for flash/no flash (rapid equilibrium method). BS 4834:1990, Specification for inset open fires without convection with or without boilers, burning solid mineral fuels. BS 6999, Specification for vitreous-enamelled low-carbon-steel flue pipes, other components and accessori
18、es for solid-fuel-burning appliances with a rated output of 45 kW. BS EN ISO 13736, Petroleum products and other liquids Determination of flash point Abel closed cup method. BS EN 22719, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products and lubricants. Determination of flash point Pe
19、nsky-Martens closed cup method. EN 57, Petroleum products Determination of flash point Abel-Pensky closed tester. ISO 1516, Test for flash/no flash (closed cup equilibrium method) Equivalent to BS 3900-A8:1986 (1991). ISO 1523, Determination of flash point (closed cup equilibrium method) Equivalent
20、to BS 3900-A9:1986 (1991). ISO 2719, Petroleum products and lubricants Determination of flash point Pensky-Martens closed cup method Equivalent to BS EN 22719:1994. ISO 3679, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products Determination of flash point Rapid equilibrium method. ISO 3680, Test for f
21、lash/no flash (rapid equilibrium method) Equivalent to BS 3900-A13:1986 (1991).BS 7952:2001 6 BSI 05-2001 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS 1846-1 apply together with the following: 3.1 consumer package the individual packaging unit, as purchased by
22、the consumer, which can normally contain several individual firelighters 3.2 outer case the packaging unit, as supplied to the wholesaler or retailer, that normally contains several individual consumer packages 4 Performance 4.1 Burning characteristics When tested in accordance with the test method
23、described in Annex A the firelighter shall ignite readily after application of a naked flame to a broken edge or corner. Once ignited the firelighter shall burn steadily, without flaring, sudden deflagrations, sparking, spitting, popping, dripping, explosion or loss of integrity until the firelighte
24、r is totally consumed. 4.2 Ignition time When tested in accordance with the test method described in Annex B the mean time taken from initial ignition of the firelighter to achieving a radiation intensity of 315 W/m 2from the fire shall not exceed 60 minutes. 5 Safety 5.1 Flash point When determined
25、 in accordance with the test method described in Annex C, the flash point of any liquid fuel constituent of the firelighter shall be greater than or equal to 38 C. 5.2 Firelighter Composition 5.2.1 The firelighter shall not contain any substance or preparation classified as very toxic, toxic, corros
26、ive, explosive, oxidizing, sensitizing or class 1 or 2 carcinogen in accordance with the Classification, Packaging b) the manufacturers or suppliers name and address; c) the product description and intended use; d) instructions for the safe storage and use of the firelighters; e) instructions to ens
27、ure the environmentally responsible and safe disposal of any unused product and/or packaging; f) risk and safety phrases; g) warnings and hazard symbols; h) product coding, indicating traceability of goods. NOTE 1 It is essential that warnings and hazard symbols should be in accordance with the Clas
28、sification, Packaging b) a laboratory tripod and wire gauze for supporting the burning firelighter within the fume cupboard; c) a stopwatch calibrated in seconds, for measuring the ignition time. NOTE In the interest of safety it is recommended that the testers face and hands should be adequately pr
29、otected when undertaking this test. A.3 Test procedure Carry out the test in a laboratory where the ambient air temperature is maintained within 20 5 C. Switch on the extractor fan of the fume cupboard and operate it at the minimum extraction rate necessary to just safely evacuate the products of co
30、mbustion produced by the burning firelighter. Set up the wire gauze on the tripod inside the fume cupboard. Select one individual unopened consumer package of firelighters from a newly opened outer case. Remove one piece of firelighter from the consumer package and place on the wire gauze, on the tr
31、ipod. Apply a naked flame for a period not exceeding five seconds either to a broken edge or to one corner of the firelighter in accordance with the firelighter manufacturers instructions. Simultaneously start the stopwatch on first application of the flame. Measure the time, in seconds, from first
32、applying the flame until ignition of the firelighter is achieved. Observe the firelighter during the period from ignition to burning to extinction and note any signs of flaring, sudden deflagrations, sparking, spitting, popping, dripping, loss of integrity or explosion. Repeat this procedure using a
33、nother piece of firelighter removed from a second individual unopened consumer package chosen from the same previously opened outer case. A.4 Treatment of results Calculate and record from the results of the duplicate tests the mean time, in seconds, from first applying the flame until ignition of t
34、he firelighter is achieved. Record also any signs of flaring, sudden deflagrations, sparking, spitting, popping, dripping, loss of integrity or explosion observed during the tests. Annex B (normative) Method of test for ignition performance of a firelighter B.1 General The purpose of the test shall
35、be to establish the ignition performance of firelighters intended for use in residential heating appliances burning solid fuel using a standardized test installation and a standardized test fuel as specified in B.2 and B.3 respectively. The test procedure as specified in B.4 shall be carried out at
36、least in triplicate and the mean value and the standard deviation of the ignition times obtained from the tests shall be calculated as specified in B.5.BS 7952:2001 BSI 05-2001 9 B.2 Test installation B.2.1 Test Setting The arrangement of the test setting shall be as specified in Figure B.1 and Figu
37、re B.2. The materials for constructing the metal box and gather are only suggestions and any materials, which are fit for purpose, may be employed in their construction. The setting consists of a metal box into which is fitted a refractory fireback conforming to BS 1251. The height of the knee of th
38、e fireback above the hearth level shall be (520 10) mm which can be achieved by placing the fireback on a shaped concrete plinth of the required thickness. An open fire conforming to B.2.2 shall be fitted into the refractory fireback. The void surrounding the fireback shall be filled with exfoliated
39、 mica insulation. The setting incorporates a tiled surround as shown (hearth is optional) which shall be fixed rigidly to the frame of the box. The flue shall be constructed from a vitreous enamelled steel fluepipe conforming to BS 6999 and having a nominal internal diameter of 150 mm. The height of
40、 the fluepipe shall be between 1 370 mm and 1 830 mm and shall be fitted with its socket end downwards so that it fits over the metal gather as shown in Figure B.1a). The whole test setting shall be positioned so that it is sheltered from draughts and such that the sensing element of the moll thermo
41、pile is not exposed to sunlight or other radiation which may affect its readings. The products of combustion shall be removed by a suitable extraction system, which terminates in a hood located above the outlet end of the flue. Removal of the combustion gases from the hood may be by either natural d
42、raught or an extraction fan provided that the system has no effect upon the draught in the flue. B.2.2 Open Fire The open fire shall be the London/Fulham Mk II 400 mm inset fire as shown in Figure B.3 and is used without a deepening bar or plate and fitted with a cast iron bottomgrate as shown in Fi
43、gure B.3. The gas burner as shown in Figure B.3 is not required for this test. The fire is set back as far as possible in the setting. It is not necessary to screw the firefront to the hearth or to seal the fire to the setting although the latter is recommended to aid security of the fire. B.2.3 Rad
44、iation intensity measurement The radiation intensity emitted from the fire shall be measured using a calibrated Moll type Thermopile securely positioned as shown in Figure B.4. The e.m.f. generated by the thermopile shall be measured using a potentiometric chart recorder calibrated in 0.1 mV interva
45、ls. The radiation intensity RI, expressed in W/m 2is given by the equation: RI = (m/f) 10,000 For thermopiles which are not temperature compensated a water cooled backing plate shall be fitted as shown in Figure B.5 so that a flow of approximately 25 ml/min of water at ambient temperature of 15 3 C can be passed during the test. where m is the electrical output of the moll thermopile in millivolts (mV). f is the thermopile factor in millivolts per watt per square centimetre(mV/Wcm 2 ).
