1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7971-2:2003 Protective clothing and equipment for use in violent situations and in training Part 2: Guidance on risk assessment and on the selection, use, cleaning and maintenance of protective clothing and equipment ICS 13.340; 13.340.10 BS 7971-2:2003 This British Standard was
2、published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 11 April 2003 BSI 11 April 2003 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference PH/3/12 Draft for comment 00/565111 DC ISBN 0 580 38499 3 Committees responsible for this Brit
3、ish Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/3, Protective clothing, to Subcommittee PH/3/12, Protective clothing and equipment for use in violent situations, upon which the following bodies were represented: APSS Association of Police and Public Secu
4、rity Suppliers Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland BSIF Test and Certification Association British Association for Chemical Specialities British Association of Women Police British Clothing Industry Association British Glove Association British Textile Technology Group Defence Industrie
5、s Association Department of Health Medical Devices Agency Home Office Ministry of Defence UK Defence Standardization National Association of Healthcare Safety and Risk Practitioners Personal Safety Manufacturers Association Police Federation of England and Wales Police Purchasing Manager Association
6、 Police Uniform Project Group SATRA Technology Centre Co-opted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 7971-2:2003 BSI 11 April 2003 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t
7、 i o n s 1 4 Principles of risk assessment and risk management 2 5 Selection of protective clothing and equipment 4 6 Use of protective clothing and equipment 8 7 Cleaning and care of protective clothing and equipment 11 8 Records, maintenance, inspection, repair and disposal 11 Annex A (informative
8、) Principles of risk assessment 14 Annex B (informative) Guidance on conducting a risk assessment and what needs to be considered 18 Annex C (informative) Formats for risk assessment tables 24 Annex D (informative) Formats for tables for use in the selection of protective clothing and equipment 34 A
9、nnex E (informative) Practical performance of protective clothing and equipment 38 Annex F (informative) Analysis of the suitability and acceptability of protective clothing and equipment 43 Bibliography 49 Table A.1 Categories of injuries 16 Table C.1 Levels in a hypothetical management structure 2
10、4 Table C.2 Compilation of hazard details and likelihood, harm, risk and uncertainty ratings 27 Table C.3 Hazard elimination or reduction at source 29 Table C.4 Separation of operatives from the hazard 30 Table C.5 Potential for improved reduction in harm through improved protective clothing and equ
11、ipment 31 Table C.6 Decision taking and implementation 33 Table D.1 Performance of new specification protective clothing and equipment for the knees, shins and feet 35 Table D.2 The performance levels of current protective clothing and equipment and the performance levels required of the new specifi
12、cation protective clothing and equipment 36 Table D.3 The effect of shield length on the required performance of other protective clothing and equipment 37 Table F.1 Possible questions to establish the value of existing protective clothing and equipment 44 Table F.2 Categories of injuries 45BS 7971-
13、2:2003 ii BSI 11 April 2003 Foreword This part of BS 7971 has been prepared by Subcommittee PH/3/12. This part of BS 7971 has been prepared for the use of both employers and employees, and gives guidance on a sequence of procedures from conducting a risk assessment through to accurate interpretation
14、 of the results, and selection of appropriate protective clothing and equipment for use in violent situations. A series of hypothetical examples is included. The general principles involved in risk assessment and its application in the selection, care and maintenance of protective clothing and equip
15、ment are described so that procedures already established within an organization can be related to the guidance given in this part of BS 7971 and differences in approach identified. The following parts of BS 7971 have been published or are in preparation. Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Guidan
16、ce on risk assessment and on the selection, use, cleaning and maintenance of protective clothing and equipment; Part 3: Personal defence shields Requirements and test methods; Part 4: Limb protectors Requirements and test methods; Part 5: Footwear Requirements and test methods; Part 6: Gloves for pr
17、otection against mechanical, thermal and chemical risks Requirements and test methods; Part 7: Slash-resistant gloves Requirements and test methods; Part 8: Blunt trauma body, shoulder, abdomen and genital protectors Requirements and test methods; Part 9: Training suits and equipment Requirements an
18、d test methods; Part 10: Coveralls Requirements and test methods. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
19、In particular, attention is drawn to the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 1, and the other legislation listed in BS 7971-1, and to the Human Rights Act 1998 2. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 49 and a b
20、ack cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 7971-2:2003 BSI 11 April 2003 1 1 Scope This part of BS 7971 gives guidance on carrying out risk assessments on violent situations and on the selection of protective clothing and equipment f
21、or use in such situations, and in training of operatives exposed to such situations. Guidance is given on the identification of those with responsibility for decision making and the factors to be taken into account in decision making. Guidance is also given on establishing systems for the maintenanc
22、e, storage, preparation, and issuing of protective clothing and equipment, and the segregation, decontamination, cleaning, inspection and eventual disposal of used clothing and equipment. NOTE Additional guidance on assessment of the suitability of protective clothing and equipment, and factors to b
23、e taken into account in improving the design of items of protective clothing and equipment is given in Annex F. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc
24、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 7963:2000, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Guide to the assessment of heat strain of workers wearing personal protective equipment. BS 7971-1, Protective clothing and equipment for use in violent situation
25、s and in training Part 1: General requirements. ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects Guidelines for their inclusion in standards. ISO/IEC Guide 73, Risk management Vocabulary Guidelines for use in standards. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 7971 the definitions given in ISO/IE
26、C Guide 51, ISO/IEC Guide 73 and the following apply. 3.1 complete accountable system entire and all-encompassing policy determining and management structures within which risks are imposed on operatives NOTE It includes the European Commission and its Directives, Parliament (British) and the Acts o
27、f Parliament, ministers and their decisions, government departments and their policies, and the management hierarchy of an organization and its decisions at all levels from the head of a service down to the person immediately superior to the operative exposed to the risk. 3.2 duty-holder any person,
28、 organization, employer or employee who has a responsibility for an aspect of health, safety and welfare NOTE In organizations and companies this is particularly those who have the authority and capacity to be active in preventing or controlling risks. All employees have a measure of duty with respe
29、ct to health and safety. 3.3 hazard potential source of injury and/or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment c.f. risk (3.7) NOTE This definition is different to that given in ISO/IEC Guide 51. 3.4 opponent individual who by intent, or inadvertently due to a medical
30、 condition, creates a violent situation 3.5 operative person detailed to take action to prevent, contain or terminate a violent situation NOTE Examples are police officers or prison staff confronting a riot, and staff of medical and emergency services seeking to restrain a deranged person.BS 7971-2:
31、2003 2 BSI 11 April 2003 3.6 organization company, operation, firm, enterprise, institution, utility, public body or association, or part thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration NOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a
32、 single operating unit may be defined as an organization. 3.7 risk product of the probability of the existence or occurrence of a hazard in a particular situation, and the consequences or extent of harm to an individual, to property or to the environment to be expected from the hazard NOTE This defi
33、nition is different to those given in ISO/IEC Guide 51 and ISO/IEC Guide 73. 3.8 risk assessment procedure for addressing issues the outcome of which can only be presented in probabilistic terms, and for identifying the significant factors to be considered in decision taking NOTE 1 The procedure ran
34、ks risks and highlights uncertainties and subjective assumptions that effect the quality of decision taking regarding risks and preventive and protective measures. NOTE 2 This definition is different to those given in ISO/IEC Guide 51 and ISO/IEC Guide 73. 3.9 risk management systematic application
35、of management policies, procedures and practices to the tasks of analysing, evaluating and controlling risk NOTE This definition is different to that given in ISO/IEC Guide 73. 3.10 stakeholder individual, group, organization or society having a vested interest in the operation of a particular organ
36、ization and the outcome of its activities NOTE 1 Stakeholders might bear a cost, receive a benefit or be concerned about an effect on themselves or others or society as a whole, property, the environment or a cultural heritage. NOTE 2 This definition is different to that given in ISO/IEC Guide 73. 4
37、 Principles of risk assessment and risk management 4.1 General consideration of risk assessment within management systems Every organization should have a set of identified goals for its operations. Strategic planning and decisions determine broadly how these goals are to be attained taking into acc
38、ount external constraints and the concerns of stakeholders. Tactical planning and decision making concern choices of approach and methods within the strategic framework. Operational decisions take account of the precise conditions existing at the time. Within the operations of an organization, risk
39、management (see 3.9) is a core process as it aids the attainment of goals and reduces costly surprises. It should be integrated into all levels of planning and decision taking. This part of BS 7971 concentrates on risks to health and safety of people and the management of these risks. Further discus
40、sion and details of the concept of risk management within the operations of an organization are given in BS 6079-3:2000 and BS 8444-3:1996. The management of occupational health and safety at work is an integral element within the overall management of the operations and projects of an organization.
41、 Therefore it should be included within all planning and decision taking processes; it is not separate from them. Details of how this can be done are given in BS 8800:1996. Employers have a statutory duty to comply with the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 1. Advice on how to
42、 comply with these regulations is given in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Approved Code of Practice Management of Health and Safety at Work 3. The advice is specific about processes but inevitably general regarding their application. This part of BS 7971 gives guidance on the application of t
43、his advice to the provision of protective clothing and equipment for use in violent situations.BS 7971-2:2003 BSI 11 April 2003 3 Within risk management in occupational health and safety management, risk assessment (see 3.8) plays a key role. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1
44、999 1, Regulation 3, states the following: “Risk assessment 3. - (1) Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of - (a) the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and (b) the risks to the health and safety of persons no
45、t in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking,” Risk assessment is a major tool in managing health and safety at work and should be applied to all aspects of managing violent situations. It encompasses risk analysis and risk evaluation. Guidance on ri
46、sk assessment is given in Annex A. This is directed particularly at risk assessment related to the selection and use of clothing and equipment specified in the other parts of BS 7971. However all decisions taken concerning the management of violent situations effect the decisions that have to be tak
47、en regarding the selection and use of clothing and equipment, and therefore should be examined and if necessary reviewed with a view to implementing changes where the risk assessment shows these are appropriate. A fundamental principle underpinning the Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974 4, is t
48、hat those who create risks (see 3.7) from work activity are responsible for protecting workers and the public from the consequences. The broad general duties are explicitly placed on those who are in the best position to do something about preventing or controlling the risks. The nature of risk is t
49、hat it always contains two elements; the frequency or probability with which a hazardous event occurs and the severity of the consequences of such a hazardous event. A hazard (see 3.3) exists when an inherent property of a system could cause harm to an individual or property. In a violent situation the hazards are mainly created by the opponent (see 3.4) who by intent, or inadvertently due to a medical condition, creates t
