1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8004:2015Code of practice forfoundationsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86679 1I
2、CS 93.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference B/526Draft for comment 15/30301520 DCPublication historyFirst published as CP 2004,September 1972First published as BS 8004, September 1986Second (present) edition, June 2015Amendments issued since publicat
3、ionDate Text affectedBS 8004:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 54 General rules 65 Spread foundations 356 Pile foundations 46AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Helical steel pile foundations 88Annex B (normative) Underpinning 92Annex C (informat
4、ive) Specific formations 96Annex D (informative) Archaeological finds 98Bibliography 99List of figuresFigure 1 Suggested values for characteristic weight density of soils above thegroundwater table 14Figure 2 Suggested values for characteristic weight density of soils below thegroundwater table 15Fi
5、gure 3 Stiffness parameters for non-linear soil 21Figure 4 Calculation model for downdrag 64List of tablesTable1Values of ang, PSDand dilto obtain values of pk,kand cv,kforsiliceous sands and gravels with fines content not exceeding 15% 17Table2Values of cv,kfor fine soils from plasticity index 19Ta
6、ble3Values of parameters for use with equation (12) 22Table4Values of parameters for use with equation (13) 23Table 5 Use classes relevant to timber in foundations 28Table 6 Some key features of spread foundations 35Table 7 Classification of piles according to ground disturbance caused byinstallatio
7、n 47Table 8 Suggested values of Ksfor piles installed in coarse silica soils 52Table 9 Suggested values of kfor piles installed in coarse soils 53Table 10 Suggested values of k2for piles installed in fine soil 56Table 11 Values of the empirical coefficients csand cb,0.1according to soil andpile type
8、 59Table 12 Values of the empirical coefficients nsand nb,0.1according to soil andpile type 60Table 13 Suggested values of the coefficients k1to k4for piles installed inrocks 66Table 14 Design pile diameter for cast-in-place piles without permanentcasing 81Summary of pagesThis document comprises a f
9、ront cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 106, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8004:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standa
10、rds Institution, and came into effect on 30 June 2015. It wasprepared by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics. A list of organizationsrepresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionTogether with BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013, this British Standard supersedesBS 80
11、04:1986, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 8004 gives non-contradictory, complementary information for use withBS EN 1997 and its National Annexes.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, which introduces the following principalchanges: the revi
12、sed text is fully compatible with the current version of Eurocode 7(BS EN 1997); guidance is given on designing foundations according to limit stateprinciples using partial factors; guidance is given on the selection of design parameters for soils; guidance is given on the calculation of ultimate be
13、aring resistance ofshallow foundations; guidance is given on the design of pile foundations by calculation and bytesting; the revised text reflects advances in foundation technology over the past30 years.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andr
14、ecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommen
15、dations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, an
16、d does not constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. Theword “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative tothe primary recommendation of the clause. The word “can” is used to expresspossibility, e.g. a conseq
17、uence of an action or an event.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8004:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard.Notes give references and additional information that are important but do notform part of the recommendations. Commentaries gi
18、ve background information.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS
19、8004:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 8004:2015This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 20151 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for the design and construction offoundations for the normal range of buildings and engineering
20、 structures. Itprovides non-contradictory, complementary information for use in conjunctionwith BS EN 1997 and its UK National Annex.Clause 4 gives general recommendations for the design and construction of alltypes of foundations; Clause 5 and Clause 6 give specific recommendations forthe design an
21、d construction of spread foundations and pile foundations(respectively).Annex A gives specific recommendations for the design and construction ofhelical steel piles.Annex B gives specific recommendations for the design and construction ofunderpinning.Annex C gives information about specific geologic
22、al formations encountered inthe UK.Annex D gives information about the UK Governments policy regardingarchaeological finds.NOTE 1 This standard does not cover the design and construction of earthworks,for which see BS 6031.NOTE 2 This standard does not cover the design and construction of earth reta
23、iningstructures, for which see BS 8002.NOTE 3 This standard does not cover the design and construction of maritimeworks, for which see BS 6349.NOTE 4 For non-industrial structures of not more than four storeys, see BS 8103-1.NOTE 5 This standard does not cover the design and construction of foundati
24、onsfor reciprocating machinery.NOTE 6 This standard does not cover the design and construction of offshorefoundations, for which see BS EN ISO 19901-4.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its applicat
25、ion. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 65, Specification for vitrified clay pipes, fittings and ducts, also flexiblemechanical joints for use solely with surface water pipes
26、and fittingsBS 437, Specification for cast iron drain pipes, fittings and their joints forsocketed and socketless systemsBS 1852-1, Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage andsewerage Polypropylene (PP) Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and thesystemBS 4449, Steel for
27、the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcing steel Bar, coil and decoiled product SpecificationBS 4660, Thermoplastics ancillary fittings of nominal sizes 110 and 160 for belowground gravity drainage and sewerageBS 4729, Clay and calcium silicate bricks of special shapes and sizes Recommendati
28、onsBS 4962, Specification for plastics pipes and fittings for use as subsoil field drainsBRITISH STANDARD BS 8004:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 1BS 5480, Specification for glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes, joints and fittingsfor use for water supply or sewerageBS 5481, Specificati
29、on for unplasticized PVC pipe and fittings for gravity sewersBS 5837, Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction RecommendationsBS 5911 (all parts), Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete productsBS 5930, Code of practice for site investigationBS 5975, Code of practice for temporary wor
30、ks procedures and the permissiblestress design of falseworkBS 6031, Code of practice for earthworksBS 6349 (all parts), Maritime worksBS 8006-1:2010, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other fillsBS 8002, Code of practice for earth retaining structuresBS 8081, Code of practice fo
31、r ground anchorsBS 8215, Code of practice for design and installation of damp-proof courses inmasonry constructionBS 8417, Preservation of wood Code of practiceBS 8500-1:2015, Concrete Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1 Part 1: Method of specifying and guidance for the specifierBS 8500-2,
32、 Concrete Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1 Part 2: Specification for constituent materials and concrete1)BS 10175, Code of practice on investigation of potentially contaminated sitesBS EN 206:2013, Concrete Specification, performance, production andconformityBS EN 295, Vitrified clay pi
33、pe systems for drains and sewersBS EN 335:2013, Durability of wood and wood-based products Use classes:definitions, application to solid wood and wood-based productsBS EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durabilityof solid wood Part 2: Guide to the natural durability of and
34、treatability ofselected wood species of importance in EuropeBS EN 351-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Preservative-treatedsolid wood Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retentionBS EN 460, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability ofsolid wood Gui
35、de to the durability requirements for wood to be used inhazard classesBS EN 598, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerageapplications Requirements and test methodsBS EN 771-1, Specification for masonry units Part 1: Clay masonry unitsBS EN 771-2, Specification for maso
36、nry units Part 2: Calcium silicate masonryunitsBS EN 771-3, Specification for masonry units Part 3: Aggregate concretemasonry units1)Informative reference is made to BS 8500-2:2015.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8004:20152 The British Standards Institution 2015BS EN 771-4, Specification for masonry units Part 4
37、: Autoclaved aeratedconcrete masonry unitsBS EN 771-5, Specification for masonry units Part 5: Manufactured stonemasonry unitsBS EN 771-6, Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natural stone masonryunitsBS EN 1090 (all parts), Execution of steel structures and aluminium structuresBS EN 1401-1, Pla
38、stic piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage andsewerage Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) Part 1: Specifications forpipes, fittings and the systemBS EN 1536, Execution of special geotechnical works Bored piles2)BS EN 1852-1, Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground
39、 drainageand sewerage Polypropylene (PP) Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings andthe systemBS EN 1916, Concrete pipes and fittings, unreinforced, steel fibre and reinforcedBS EN 1990:2002+A1:2005, Eurocode: Basis of structural designBS EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures3)BS
40、 EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures4)BS EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures5)BS EN 1995 (all parts), Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures6)BS EN 1996-1-1, Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures Part 1-1: Generalrules for reinforced and unreinf
41、orced masonry structuresBS EN 1996-2, Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures Part 2: Designconsiderations, selection of materials and execution of masonryBS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: GeneralrulesBS EN 1997-2:2007, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground
42、investigation and testing (incorporating corrigendum 2010)BS EN 10025, Hot rolled products of structural steelsBS EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcingsteel GeneralBS EN 10210, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grainsteels2)Informative ref
43、erence is made to BS EN 1536:2010+A1:2015. At the time ofpublication, amendment A1:2015 is in preparation.3)Specific references are made to the following part: BS EN 1991-2:2003, Eurocode 1:Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges.4)Specific references are made to the following part: B
44、S EN 1992-1-1:2004+A1:2014,Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules forbuildings.5)Specific references are made to the following parts: BS EN 1993-1-1:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-1: Generalrules and rules for buildings; BS EN 1993-5, Eurocod
45、e 3: Design of steel structures Part 5: Piling.6)Specific references are made to the following part: BS EN 1995-1-1:2004, Eurocode 5:Design of timber structures Part 1-1: General Common rules and rules forbuildings.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8004:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 3BS EN 10219, Co
46、ld formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy andfine grain steelsBS EN 10248, Hot rolled sheet piling of non alloy steelsBS EN 10249, Cold formed sheet piling of non alloy steelsBS EN 12666-1, Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainageand sewerage Polyethylene (PE) Par
47、t 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings andthe systemBS EN 12699, Execution of special geotechnical work Displacement piles7)BS EN 12715, Execution of special geotechnical works GroutingBS EN 12716, Execution of special geotechnical works Jet groutingBS EN 12794, Precast concrete products Foundation
48、 pilesBS EN 13670, Execution of concrete structuresBS EN 14199:2015, Execution of special geotechnical works MicropilesBS EN 14227 (all parts), Hydraulically bound mixtures SpecificationsBS EN 14679:2005, Execution of special geotechnical works Deep mixingBS EN 14731:2005, Execution of special geote
49、chnical works Ground treatmentby deep vibrationBS EN 15237:2007, Execution of special geotechnical works Vertical drainageBS EN 16228, Drilling and foundation equipment SafetyBS EN ISO 13793, Thermal performance of buildings Thermal design offoundations to avoid frost heaveBS EN ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification andclassification of soil Part 1: Identification and descript
