1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationUse of clamp-on (externally mounted) ultrasonic flow-metering techniques for fluid applications GuideBS 8nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullBS 8452:2010 BRITISH STANDARDnullunulllis
2、hing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this docnullnullent indicates nullhen the docnullnullent nullas last issnullednullnull BSI 2010ISBN nullnull8 0 580 null08null1 nullInullS 1nullnull120null10The nullollonulling BSI renullerences relate to the nullornull on this stan
3、dard: nullonullnullittee renullerence nullnullInullnull0null5 Dranullt nullor conullnullent 10nullnull01nullnull45null Dnullnullunulllication historynullirst pnullnulllished nullenullrnullary 2005Second nullpresentnull edition Decenullnuller 2010nullmendments issued since punulllicationnullate nulle
4、xt affected null BSI 2010 null iBS 8452:2010BRITISH STANDARDnullontentsnullorenullord iiiIntrodnullction 1null Scope 1null Synullnullols and anullnullrenulliations 2null nulllanullpnullon nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleters 3null Application areas 10null nullernullornullance nulleasnullres 12null n
5、ullalinullration null general 19null Installation enullnullects 208 nullipe nullornull enullnullects 26null nulllnullid enullnullects 30nullnull nullperational enullnullects 39nullnnexesAnnenull A nullnornullatinullenull Renullerence data 49Annenull B nullnornullatinullenull nullariants to nullase t
6、echnologies 62Annenull null nullnornullatinullenull Detailed enullnullations 66Annenull D nullinnullornullatinullenull Installation enullnullects 68Binullliography 71nullist of nullguresnullignullre 1 null Renullraction onull nullltrasonullnd signals thronullgh pipe nullall 4nullignullre 2 null Sche
7、nullatic onull a clanullpnullon transit tinulle nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleter 6nullignullre null null A typical clanullpnullon TTnullnull 6nullignullre 4 null nullrossnullcorrelation nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleter nullnullnullnullnullnull 8nullignullre 5 null Basic operation onull a Dnull
8、null 9nullignullre null null Repeatanullility nullor installation anullter a single elnullonull at 2nullD 15nullignullre null null Aconullstic energy conullpled into pipe and nullnullid nullor linullnullid clanullpnullon nulltopnull and gas clanullpnullon nullnullottonullnull 18nullignullre 8 null n
9、ullscillogranull onull receinulled signal18nullignullre null null nullronullle correction nullactor nullkhnull against Reynolds nnullnullnuller nullor nullnulllly denulleloped nullonull in snullooth pipes 21nullignullre 10 null Renullraction angles 22nullignullre 11 null nullnullnullects onull nullo
10、null distortion 24nullignullre 12 null Tnullonullpath nulleasnullrenullent 25nullignullre 1null null nullnullnullect onull pipe nullall ronullghness on pronullle correction nullactor 29nullignullre 14 null TTnullnull transdnullcer connullgnullrations 41nullignullre Bnull1 null nulleading edge nullea
11、snullrenullent 62nullignullre Bnull2 null nullhase nulleasnullrenullent systenull 63nullignullre Bnullnull null nullrossnullcorrelation tag tinulle nulleter 65nullignullre Bnull4 null Signal set denullodnulllated 65nullignullre Bnull5 null Denullodnulllated signals and crossnullcorrelation nullnulln
12、ction 66nullignullre null null A typical clanullpnullon TTnullnull (repeated) 67nullignullre Dnull1 null nullrrors donullnstreanull onull a conical contraction 68nullignullre Dnull2 null nullrrors donullnstreanull onull a conical enullpansion 68nullignullre Dnullnull null nullrrors donullnstreanull
13、onull a single null0null nullend 68nullignullre Dnull4 null nullrrors donullnstreanull onull tnullo null0null nullends in nullnullnullconnullgnullration 69nullignullre Dnull5 null nullrrors nullronull tnullo null0null nullends in perpendicnulllar planes 69nullignullre Dnullnull null nullrrors donull
14、nstreanull onull a nullnulltternully nullalnulle 2nullnull open 69nullignullre Dnullnull null nullrrors donullnstreanull onull a glonulle nullalnulle 2nullnull open 70nullignullre Dnull8 null nullrrors donullnstreanull onull a gate nullalnulle 2nullnull open 70BS 8452:2010ii null null BSI 2010BRITIS
15、H STANDARDnullist of tanulllesTanullle 1 null nulllanullpnullon nulleter selection tanullle null linullnullids 11Tanullle 2 null nulllanullpnullon nulleter selection tanullle null gases 11Tanullle null null nullonullparison onull gas clanullpnullon nullonullnullnulletering nullethods 17Tanullle 4 nu
16、ll Aconullstic inullpedances onull inullportant nullaterials 17Tanullle 5 null Renullnullired straight lengths nulletnulleen nullttings and nullSnull 23Tanullle null null Additional renullnullirenullents nullor reporting nullonull in standard nullolnullnulle and nullass ternulls 26Tanullle null null
17、 Ranges onull pipe sinullenull nullaterialnull nullall thicnullness and lining nullaterial nullith nullhich clanullpnullon TTnullnulls can nulle nullsed 28Tanullle Anull1 null Renullerence clanullpnullon calinullrations 50Tanullle Anull2 null Distnullrnullance calinullrations 51Tanullle Anullnull nu
18、ll Solid sonullnd speeds 52Tanullle Anull4 null nulllnullid sonullnd speeds 53Summary of pagesThis docnullnullent conullprises a nullront conullernull an inside nullront conullernull pages i to inullnull pages 1 to null4null an inside nullacnull conuller and a nullacnull conullernullnull BSI 2010 nu
19、ll iiiBS 8452:2010BRITISH STANDARDnullorewordnullunulllishing informationThis British Standard is pnullnulllished nully BSI and canulle into enullnullect on null1 Decenullnuller 2010null It nullas prepared nully Snullnullconullnullittee nullnullInullnull0null5nullVelocity based methodsnull nullnder
20、the anullthority onull Technical nullonullnullittee nullnullInullnull0null Measuremenullt onull nulluid nullonull inull closed conullduitsnull A list onullorganinullations represented on this conullnullittee can nulle onulltained on renullnullest to its secretarynullSupersessionThis British Standard
21、 snullpersedes BS 8452:2005null nullhich is nullithdranullnnullnullnformation anullout this documentThis gnullide nonull conullers gas and linullnullid applicationsnull It dranulls on practical nullser enullperience and nullarionulls pieces onull research nullornull nullnullnded nully DTi and other
22、nullodiesnullUse of this documentAs a gnullidenull this British Standard tanulles the nullornull onull gnullidance and reconullnullendationsnull It shonullld not nulle nullnulloted as inull it nullas a specinullcation and particnulllar care shonullld nulle tanullen to ensnullre that clainulls onull
23、conullpliance are not nullisleadingnullAny nullser clainulling conullpliance nullith this British Standard is enullpected to nulle anullle to nullnullstinully any conullrse onull action that denulliates nullronull its reconullnullendationsnullnullresentational connullentionsThe pronullisions in this
24、 standard are presented in ronullan nullinullenull nullprightnulltypenull Its reconullnullendations are enullpressed in sentences in nullhich the principal anullnulliliary nullernull is nullshonullldnullnullnullommenulltarynull enullplanullationull anulld nullenulleral inullnullormatinulle material
25、is presenullted inull smaller italic typenull anulld does nullot conullstitute a nullormatinulle elemenulltnullnullontractual and legal considerationsThis pnullnulllication does not pnullrport to inclnullde all the necessary pronullisions onull a contractnull nullsers are responsinullle nullor its c
26、orrect applicationnullnullompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal onullligationsnullBS 8452:2010inull null null BSI 2010BRITISH STANDARDnullhis panulle deliberately lenullt blanullknull BSI 2010 null 1BS 8452:2010BRITISH STANDARDnullntroductionThis British Standard identi
27、nulles nullactors linullely to anullnullect the pernullornullance onull clanullpnullon nullenullternally nullonullntednull nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleters nullor closed condnullits rnullnning nullnullllnull nullne onull the signinullcant adnullantages in enullploying nullltrasonic techninullnul
28、les in nullnullid nullonullnullnulletering is that not only can the nulleters nulle nullsed nonnullintrnullsinullelynull inullenull the sensors do not intrnullde into the nullonull pathnull nullnullt they can also nulle nullsed nonnullinnullasinullelynull inullenull nullith the transdnullcers nullon
29、ullnted onto the onulltside onull the pipe nullornullnull Snullch nullethods are conullnullonly renullerred to as clanullpnullon nullltrasonic techninullnulles nullecanullse the transdnullcers are clanullped or held onto the onulltside onull the pipe nullornullnullThese nullethods enanullle nulleasn
30、ullrenullents to nulle nullade nullithonullt nullreanulling into the pipe nullornullnull therenullorenull nulleasnullrenullents can nulle nullade nullherenull nullor reasons onull sanulletynull hygienenull continnullity onull snullpply or costnull it is not possinullle to nullreanull containnullentn
31、ullNonnullinnullasinulle nullltrasonic nulletering techninullnulles can thnulls pronullide a nullasis nullor checnulling enullisting nulletersnull and nulle nullsed as a tenullporarynull senullinullpernullanent or pernullanent nullethod onull nulleasnullrenullentnullnull ScopeThis British Standard i
32、dentinulles nullactorsnull inclnullding installation enullnullectsnullpipe nullornull and nullnullid enullnullectsnull operational enullnullects and snullpplier specinullc enullnullectsnull nullhich are linullely to anullnullect the pernullornullance onull clanullpnullon nullenullternally nullonulln
33、tednull nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleters This inclnulldes hynullrid spool type clanullpnullon nulleters nullhere the clanullpnullon transdnullcers are pernullanently nullonullnted to a spool piece onull precisely nullnonulln physical dinullensionsnull In doing so it also identinulles nullest ope
34、rational practice nullor snullch nulleters and pronullides estinullates onull the onullerall nullncertainty that can nulle achienulled nullhen enullploying nullest practicenullThis standard pronullides a description onull the nonnullinnullasinulle clanullpnullon nulleternull typical application area
35、snull the nulleasnullres nullhich shonullld nulle nullsed in assessing the linullely pernullornullance in ternulls onull errornull repeatanullility and reprodnullcinullility nullhen nullsed nullnder ideal nullonullnull pipenull nullnullid and operational conditions nullased nullpon anullailanullle d
36、atanullThere are cnullrrently three conullnullonly nullsed nonnullinnullasinulle nullltrasonic nullonull nulleasnullrenullent technologiesnull These are the transit tinulle nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleter nullTTnullnullnullnull Doppler nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleter nullDnullnullnull and th
37、e crossnullcorrelation nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleter nullnullnullnullnullnullnull Honullenullernull technological innonullation has seen nullariants onull these techninullnulles denulleloped to inullpronulle the operation onull the nulletersnull The scope onull this British Standard is restric
38、ted to the nullse onull nullase technology enullployed in the nulleters so as not to preclnullde nullnullrther denullelopnullentsnull nullach techninullnulle has its adnullantages and disadnullantages depending nullpon the applicationnull In order to pronullide the reader nullith as nullnullch innul
39、lornullation as possinullle the dinullnullerent nullltrasonic technologies hynullrids and their applications are discnullssed in Annenull B to pronullide a conullparatinulle onullernullienull onull the additional capanullilities they onullnullernullBS 8452:20102 null null BSI 2010BRITISH STANDARDnul
40、l Symnullols and anullnullrenulliationsnullnullnull SymnullolsSymnullol nulleaning Unitsnullnullnullelocity onull sonullnd in nullnullid nullnullsnullpnullelocity onull sonullnd in pipe nullall nullnullsnullnullnullelocity onull sonullnd in transdnullcer nulledge nullnullsnull pipe internal dianulle
41、ter nullnull indicated nullonull rate error nullnull anullerage nullonull rate error nullor all test rnullns nullnullinullonull rate error onull the i thtest rnulln nullnulldDoppler nullrenullnullency shinullt Hnullnullttransnullission nullrenullnullency Hnullh height onull nulledge nullnull nullete
42、r nullactor nullkhpronullle correction nullactor nullkrnullninullornull enullnullinullalent ronullghness nullnull nnullnullnuller onull test rnullns nullnullnullnullolnullnulletric nullonull rate nullnullnullsnull repeatanullility nullRe Reynolds nnullnullnuller dinullensionlessr density onull nulln
43、ullid nullgnullnullnullm nulliscosity nulloisen nullelocity nullnullsnull transdnullcer separation nullnullnullseparation thronullgh the nullnullid nullnullpseparation thronullgh the pipe nullall nullnullnullseparation thronullgh the transdnullcer nulledge nullt pipe nullall thicnullness nullt12tran
44、sit tinulle nullor nullltrasonullnd to tranullel nullronulltransdnullcer 1 to transdnullcer 2st21transit tinulle nullor nullltrasonullnd to tranullel nullronulltransdnullcer 2 to transdnullcer 1st tinulle dinullnullerence t12null t21snullpipenullean pipe nullelocity nullnullsVindnullolnullnulle indi
45、cated nully test nulleter nullnullVstdnullolnullnulle indicated nully renullerence nulleter nullnull angle nulletnulleen the direction onull nullltrasonullnd in the transdnullcer nulledge and the pipe anullisnull nulldegreesnull angle nulletnulleen the direction onull nullltrasonullnd in the linulln
46、ullid and the pipe anullisnull nulldegreesnull nullanullelength nulll nullanullelength onull nullltrasonullnd in the nullnullid nullnull BSI 2010 null nullBS 8452:2010BRITISH STANDARDSymnullol nulleaning Unitsnullpathanulleraged anullial conullponent onull nullelocity along path nulletnulleen transd
47、nullcersnullnullsnullsnullelocity onull scatterers nullnullsnull aconullstic inullpedance nullRaylsnullnullnull nullnullnullrenulliationsABS Acrylonitrile nullnulltadiene styrenenullnullnullnull crossnullcorrelation nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleternullnullnullnull nullhlorinated polynullinyl chlo
48、rideDnullnull Doppler nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleternullRnull nulllass Reinnullorced nulllasticHDnullnull High Density nullolyethylenenullDnullnull nullonull Density nullolyethylenenullDnullnull nulledinullnull Density nullolyethylenenullnull nullolypropylenenullTnullnull nullolytetranullnullor
49、oethylenenullnullnull nullolynullinyl nullhloridenullnullDnull nullolynullinylidene nulllnullorideRTnull Roonull Tenullperatnullre nullnulllcaninulling nullelastonuller sealantnullTTnullnull transit tinulle nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleternullnullS nullltrasonic nulllonull nulleter SystenullnullSnull nullltrasonic nulleternull nulllamp-on ultrasonic flow-metersnullnullnull GeneralA typical clanullpnullon nullltrasonic nullonullnullnulleter conullprises three elenullents:null The transdnullcers and associated canulllesnullnull The clanullping arrangenullentnullnull The signal process
