1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8552:2012Sampling and monitoringof water from buildingservices closed systems Code of practicePublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this do
2、cument indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 70237 2ICS 13.060.01The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference EH/3Draft for comment 12/30215289 DCPublication hist
3、oryFirst published November 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8552:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ii0 Introduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 34 Design of the sampling programme 45 Sample locations and frequency 116 Sampling methodology
4、 157 Documentation and reporting of results 228 Interpretation of results 23AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Sampling points 24Annex B (normative) Laboratory analytical methods for water qualitysampling 25Annex C (informative) Method for detecting sulfate reducing bacteria (SRBs) 33Annex D (informative) M
5、inimum performance requirements for on-siteanalysis 36Annex E (normative) Interpretation of results for pre-commission cleaning 36Bibliography 39List of figuresFigure A.1 Binder pressure test point for sampling dissolved oxygen 25Figure E.1 Interpretation of guidelines in relation to BSRIA BG29 38Li
6、st of tablesTable 1 Life stages of the closed-circuit water system 5Table 2 Suggested analyses 8Table 2 Suggested analyses 9Table 3 Examples of corrosion and scale inhibitors 10Table 4 Examples of analysis for permit to discharge application 11Table 5 Number of sample locations between filling/press
7、ure testing andpre-commission cleaning 12Table 6 Minimum number of sample locations immediately post-clean and upto practical completion 14Table A.1 Selection of sampling points 24Table B.1 Reference analytical methods 32Table C.1 Probabilities of detecting the presence of SRBs using the five-daytes
8、t 34Table D.1 Minimum performance requirements for on-site analysis of water inbuilding services closed systems 36Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 40, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8552:2012 The British
9、 Standards Institution 2012 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under license fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 November 2012. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality. A list oforganizations rep
10、resented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of comp
11、liance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are e
12、xpressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the nec
13、essary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8552:2012ii The British Standards Institution 20120 IntroductionThis British Standard addresses the particular issues o
14、f sampling water fromclosed-circuit heating and cooling systems in buildings and related infrastructure,from construction, pressure testing, pre-commission cleaning and commissioningto routine operation. The purpose of sampling a closed-circuit water system is toprovide information about the current
15、 condition of that system and/or thewater within it. That might include, but is not limited to, water treatmentstatus, water quality, bacteriological contamination and corrosion activity.Confidence in the results obtained, which are crucially dependent on consistentsampling and analysis protocols, i
16、s extremely important to industry.Sampling of water used to fill the system is used to assess whether the water issuitable for unrestricted use or requires pre-treatment.Sampling of system water between filling and pre-commission cleaning is usedto monitor the growth of bacteria that could lead to l
17、ong-term corrosion andwater quality problems.Sampling of system water on completion of pre-commission cleaning is used toverify the success of the pipework flushing and cleaning procedures. Failure toachieve industry guidelines on system cleanliness can result in expensiveremedial work and contractu
18、al disputes.Sampling of system water prior to practical completion is used to demonstratethat the system is fit to be handed over.Sampling of system water during normal operation is used to establish that thewater treatment regime is being correctly applied and is effective in minimizingthe risk of
19、corrosion and other water quality issues.Sampling prior to discharge of water from the system is used to apply for, andestablish compliance with, discharge permits.This standard does not set guidelines for water quality; only the sampling andanalysis methods that are recommended to assess whether gu
20、idelines set byothers have been achieved. These are critical in the commissioning and lifecyclemaintenance of closed-circuit system heating and cooling systems in new andrenovated buildings to prevent the onset of operational problems andpremature failure.1 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommend
21、ations and guidance for the sampling ofwater from closed-circuit heating and cooling systems in buildings and relatedinfrastructure to maintain water quality and the integrity of pipework, plantand fittings, including:a) hydronic space heating and cooling systems;b) heat pump ground and water loops;
22、c) thermal storage systems;d) closed-circuit condenser water systems;e) low-temperature district heating and cooling mains;f) generator cooling systems; andg) similar closed-circuit water systems.The standard gives recommendations for the design of the sampling programmeduring each phase of the syst
23、em lifecycle, including the location and suitabilityof sampling points, frequency of sampling and record keeping, to facilitate thecontrol of closed system water quality throughout the life of the building.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8552:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 1It also gives guidance o
24、n:1) procedures for the collection, preservation, handling and storage of samplesprior to analysis (by reference to BS EN ISO 5667-3); analytical methods (byreference to other British Standards and approved methods) and thestatistical treatment of results; and2) the selection of the analytical param
25、eters appropriate to the sampledsystem and life stage.This standard does not provide guidance on the interpretation of results orassociated action levels. These matters are discussed in other standards andindustry guides, e.g. BSRIA BG29.This standard is not applicable to sampling water from open ci
26、rcuit systems suchas:i) cold water services (see BS 7592 and BS ISO 5667-5);ii) open circuit cooling towers and cooling ponds;iii) steam boiler plant (see BS 6068-6.7 and BS 2486); oriv) sprinkler systems.NOTE Annex A gives recommendations for sampling points. Annex B givesguidance and recommendatio
27、ns for appropriate laboratory analytical methods forwater quality sampling, while Annex C describes the application of a statisticalmethod for detecting sulfate reducing bacteria (SRBs). Annex D summarizes theminimum performance requirements for on-site analysis of common parametersusing test kits a
28、nd portable instruments. Guidance on the interpretation of sampleresults for pre-commission cleaning with respect to the guidelines in BSRIA BG29 isgiven in Annex E.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, o
29、nly the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 1427, Guide to on-site test methods for the analysis of watersBS 6068-2.11, Water quality Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemicalmethods Section 2.11: Determina
30、tion of ammonium: manual spectrometricmethodBS 6068-2.34, Water quality Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemicalmethods Section 2.34: Method for the determination of the chemical oxygendemandBS EN 872, Water quality Determination of suspended solids Method byfiltration through glass fibre filtersB
31、S EN 15216, Characterization of waste Determination of total dissolved solids(TDS) in water and eluatesBS EN 27888, Water quality Method for the determination of electricalconductivityBS EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on thepreservation and handling of water samplesBS EN ISO
32、9963-1, Water quality Determination of alkalinity Part 1:Determination of total and composite alkalinityBS ISO 10523, Water quality Determination of pHBRITISH STANDARDBS 8552:20122 The British Standards Institution 2012BS ISO 17381, Water quality Selection and application of ready-to-use test kitmet
33、hods in water analysisBSRIA BG29, Pre-commission cleaning of pipework systems3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 back-flushingprocess of removing debris from a terminal unit by discharging system waterfrom a convenient drain
34、point such that the direction of flow through theterminal unit is opposite to the normal operating flow3.2 binder pointself-sealing pressure test point from which fluid can be discharged by insertionof a matching needle probe3.3 cleaning specialistperson or organization appointed to carry out pre-co
35、mmission cleaning of aheating, cooling or other closed pipework system and related activities3.4 fixed sample pointpreselected sample point used on every occasion when samples are taken, inorder to allow comparison between results for different sampling occasionsNOTE Results for insoluble material r
36、eflect the concentration of suspended solids inthe circulating water, plus the mobile solids that have accumulated in that locationonly since the last sampling.3.5 forward-flushingprocess of removing debris from a terminal unit by discharging system waterfrom a convenient drain point such that the d
37、irection of flow through theterminal unit is the same as the normal operating flow3.6 method statementdetailed description of the on-site work activity, including preparatory worksand access provisions3.7 practical completion (PC)point of issuing a certificate of practical completion of construction
38、 works forthe relevant system by the responsible person appointed by or on behalf of theclient, after which responsibility for that system passes to the clientNOTE All installation, commissioning and remedial works are assumed to have beencompleted.3.8 pre-commission cleaning (PCC)process of bringin
39、g a new pipework system to a satisfactory state forcommissioning and ongoing maintenance of water quality3.9 pseudomonadbacteria from the genera pseudomonas and burkholderia3.10 random sample pointpoint selected at the time of sampling that is not routinely sampledBRITISH STANDARD BS 8552:2012 The B
40、ritish Standards Institution 2012 33.11 representative sample point (for repetitive sampling)sample point selected at the time of sampling and used to demonstrate waterquality at that location at the time of samplingNOTE Results for insoluble material reflect the concentration of suspended solids in
41、the circulating water plus the mobile solids that have accumulated in that locationsince the system was last filled or flushed.3.12 sampling and analysis plandetailed description of the objectives of sampling, numbers and locations ofsamples, and the analyses to be carried out for each sample and ap
42、plicableguidelines for the resultNOTE A different sampling and analysis plan is required for each life stage of thebuilding or system.3.13 water quality specialistperson or organization appointed to maintain the water quality and managethe corrosion risk within a heating, cooling or other closed pip
43、ework system4 Design of the sampling programme4.1 Life stages of the building and systemThe objective of sampling a closed-circuit water system in a building or relatedinfrastructure is to provide information about the current condition of thatsystem and/or the water within it.The objective and requ
44、irements for sampling and analysis vary according to thelife stage of the system and buildings may contain multiple systems. Theapplicable sample locations, frequency of sampling and parameters should beselected from Table 1.A detailed sampling and analysis plan to achieve these objectives for each
45、lifestage of the system should be prepared by the cleaning or water qualityspecialist in accordance with 4.2 to 4.5 and Clause 5.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8552:20124 The British Standards Institution 2012Table 1 Life stages of the closed-circuit water systemLife stage Samples Objective Timing and frequency
46、 (Sub)ClauseDesign Proposed fillwaterEvaluate suitability ofwater supply and anytreatment measures thatmight be requiredAs soon as water source isidentified (if sufficientinformation is not alreadyavailable from waterundertaker)Installation ofpipeworkNo samplingrequiredNA NA NAFilling andpressuretes
47、tingA)Suppliedwater atpoint ofconnectionAssess quality ofsupplied water andwhether treatment isrequiredBefore initial fill and pressuretestSystem waterafter fillingandtreatmentMonitor water qualityand concentration ofwater treatmentchemicalsOn completion of fill and systemtreatmentAt suitable interv
48、als, the finalsamples being taken within 14days of the start ofpre-commission cleaningB)5.1Pre-commissioncleaning (PCC)System waterduringchemicalcleaningC)Verify concentration anddistribution of cleaningchemicalsOn completion of addition ofchemicals5.3.1During cleaning On completion of clean 5.3.2Sy
49、stem wateroncompletionof flushingVerify removal ofcleaning chemicals anddebrisOn completion of flushing 5.3.2System waterafter PCCandtreatmentVerify success ofpre-commission cleaningand monitor ongoingcondition of system,including chemical andmicrobiologicalparameters throughoutthe systemSeven days after completion ofpre-commission cleaning andsystem treatment5.4.1Commission-ingSystem water Monitor and maintainwater qualityAt least every 14 days untilpractical completion andhandover5.4.2Practicalcompletion(PC) andh
