1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8905:2011Framework for theassessment of thesustainable use ofmaterials GuidancePublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicate
2、s when the documentwas last issued. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 70453 6ICS 03.100.99; 13.020.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference MI/1; SDS/1Draft for comment 10/30216208 DCPublication historyFirst published August 2011Amendments issued since publicationD
3、ate Text affectedBS 8905:2011 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 23 Sustainability and materials 44 Framework for a sustainability assessment of material 55 Phase 1: Scoping (see Figure 2) 76 Phase 2: Data collection and assessment (see Figure 3) 97 Pha
4、se 3: Reporting (see Figure 4) 12AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Social aspect of sustainability 14Annex B (informative) Environmental aspect of sustainability 18Annex C (informative) Economic aspect of sustainability 21Annex D (informative) Sustainability assessment process 25Annex E (informative) Inf
5、ormation management for the sustainable use ofmaterials 26Bibliography 30List of figuresFigure 1 The sustainability assessment process for a material 6Figure 2 Phase 1: Scoping 7Figure 3 Phase 2: Data collection and assessment 9Figure 4 Phase 3: Reporting 12Figure D.1 Sustainability assessment proce
6、ss 25Figure E.1 Communication of material and information between the processesin the life cycle of a product 26Figure E.2 Framework for the conservation of digital information 29Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 32, an inside back
7、 cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8905:2011 BSI 2011 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on31 August 2011. It was prepared jointly by Technical Committees MI/1, MaterialsIndustries, and SDS/1, Sustainable development co-ordination.
8、A list oforganizations represented on these committees can be obtained on request totheir secretaries.Information about this documentThis British Standard builds on the guidance given in the other parts of theBS 8900 series of standards on sustainability and environmental management,with particular
9、relevance to the use of materials through the supply chain.Annex A of this British Standard discusses several methods and tools that aretrade marked. In each case, information is given for the convenience of users ofthis standard and does not constitute an endorsement by BSI of the productsnamed.Use
10、 of this documentAs a guide, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a codeof practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman
11、(i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis public
12、ation does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8905:2011ii BSI 2011IntroductionThis British Standard provides a framework
13、 for the concepts, techniques, toolsand methodologies that can be used to support decisions surrounding thesustainable use of materials.Sustainable development is defined by BS 8900:2006 as “an enduring, balancedapproach to economic activity, environmental responsibility and social progress”.Materia
14、ls are an essential part of everyday life and the use of materialscontributes to the quality of living standards: the houses that we live in, thefood that we eat, the vehicles in which we travel and the way we communicate.NOTE For the purposes of this British Standard, the terms “materials”, “compon
15、ents”and “products” are interchangeable, depending on where the user is in the supplychain and on the stage of the life cycle. In essence, a material is an input that isprocessed is some way, a component is an input that is assembled, and a product isthe output. The product of one part of the supply
16、 chain can become a material orcomponent of the next.An expanding global population and increasing social need for an improvedquality of life will create even higher demands on raw materials and naturalresources. This framework recognizes that current levels of resourceconsumption related to materia
17、ls exceed that which can be replaced by naturalmeans, and as a consequence absolute sustainability is not currently attainable.This document sets out a framework to guide decision making in the sustainableuse of materials in relative terms.The sustainable use of materials seeks to attain positive so
18、cial, environmentaland economic contributions and to minimize negative impacts. The social,environmental and economic aspects form the basis of any sustainabilityassessment.It is important to note that the evaluation of the three aspects can be subjectiveand will require the consideration of a numbe
19、r of stakeholder views. This willaffect the complexity of the decision-making process, but will help to avoiddecisions being taken on the basis of narrow or short-term views that could leadto undesirable consequences when considered in a broader and longer-termcontext.A number of reference sources a
20、re included to support the evaluation of thethree aspects of sustainability.1 ScopeThis British Standard provides a framework for the assessment of social,economic and environmental issues in the sustainable use of materials. Theframework can be applied to all parts of the supply chain and is intend
21、ed tosupport decision making about the sustainable use of any type of material.This standard covers consideration of:a) the social, economic and environmental aspects throughout the materiallifecycle, covering:1) sourcing of materials;2) conversion of materials into products;3) performance of a prod
22、uct over its functional lifetime;4) end of life of the product and either the reuse, remanufacture,recycling or disposal of the product; and5) end of life of a material and either the reuse, remanufacture, recyclingor disposal of the material,BRITISH STANDARD BS 8905:2011 BSI 2011 1with particular e
23、mphasis on social performance in the use phase of aproduct life and environmental performance over the full life cycle, andtaking into consideration the longer term and local economic issues;b) how to balance these aspects against stakeholder priorities in terms ofsustainable development;c) guidance
24、 on the use of decision support tools to assess the relativesustainability of material choice; andd) the importance of data quality when carrying out a sustainabilityassessment.NOTE This standard assumes that the project brief and material design options havebeen agreed prior to the use of the asses
25、sment framework.The standard does not provide:i) comparisons between specific materials;ii) advice on the properties of materials and products; oriii) recommendations on specific software tools to support the evaluation andcomparisons of social, economic and environmental aspects.2 Terms and definit
26、ionsFor the purpose of this British Standard the following terms and definitionsapply.2.1 componentpart of an assembled product2.2 base casereference point from which the assessment of improvements or otherwise ismade2.3 end-of-lifelife cycle stage where the product, component or material is no long
27、er requiredor is unable to fulfil its purpose, at which point the product, component ormaterial contained therein becomes available for reuse, recycling, recovery ordisposalNOTE 1 The product or component end-of-life scenario is likely to be determinedby the designer on an application-by-application
28、 basis. When a product orcomponent comes to the end of its useful life it does not necessarily mean that thematerials it is composed of are at the end of their useful life. The sustainabilityassessment ought to take account of this.NOTE 2 In sustainability terms design for end-of-life is important b
29、ecause gooddesign could facilitate the reuse, recycling or recovery of components or materialscontained in a product.2.4 life cycleconsecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw materialsourcing and extraction, through production of materials, to the final product,and including pro
30、duct use, maintenance or service operation to end-of-lifeoptions2.5 life cycle assessment (LCA)technique for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impactsassociated with a product, by: compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs of a product system;BRITISH STANDARDBS 8905:20112
31、 BSI 2011 evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputsand outputs; interpreting the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessmentphases in relation to the objectives of the studyNOTE Typically, an LCA is associated with environmental assessments, but social L
32、CAis now starting to be used.2.6 life cycle thinkingprocess of considering the consecutive and interlinked stages of a productsystem, from raw material extraction, through production of materials,components to products, through product use, maintenance or service operationto end-of-life options2.7 o
33、rganizationgroup of people and facilities with an arrangement of responsibilities,authorities and relationshipsEXAMPLESCompany, corporation, firm, enterprise, institution, charity, sole trader or association,or parts or combinations thereof.NOTE 1 The arrangement is generally orderly.NOTE 2 An organ
34、ization can be public or private.BS EN ISO 9000:20052.8 parametermeasurement or value relevant to the sustainability assessment2.9 product systemsystem utilizing products or a range of individual products to provide afunctional service2.10 recoverycollection of products, components or materials with
35、 the intention of avoidingwaste and with the purpose of reuse or recycling2.11 recycleaction of reprocessing a product, component or material for use in a futureproduct, component or material2.12 reuseoperation by which a product, component or material can be used for the samefunctional purpose at e
36、nd-of-life2.13 sourcingprocess of procuring materials, components or products2.14 stakeholderindividual, group or organization with an interest in any decision or activity ofan organizationBS ISO 26000:20102.15 supply chainsystem of organizations and networks involved in the transformation of raw an
37、dend-of-life materials into a final product or product systemBRITISH STANDARD BS 8905:2011 BSI 2011 32.16 sustainability assessmentappraisal that compares the sustainability consequences of material choiceagainst stakeholder priorities according to the boundary and scope of theintended study2.17 use
38、utilizing a product in its intended purpose3 Sustainability and materialsThrough materials innovation, and by developing new and more effectivematerial applications, the sustainability attributes and functionality of materialsare continuously improving. Sustainability requires a balanced decision-ma
39、kingprocess that takes account of social, environmental and economic aspects(see Annex A, Annex B and Annex C). These three aspects of sustainabilityshould be considered to be interdependent because a change in one aspect canimpact on another. For example, trying to achieve an environmentalimproveme
40、nt, such as reduced emissions of greenhouse gases, might also havean economic implication in regions where emissions trading has beenintroduced. When considering sustainable development, the benefits potentiallyattained through any improvements have to be weighted against the potentiallynegative imp
41、acts that could be caused by the consequences of making thatimprovement. This is assessed by carrying out a full sustainability assessment,and needs to be based upon life cycle thinking and provide information onbenefits set against impacts.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8905:20114 BSI 20114 Framework for a sus
42、tainability assessment ofmaterialHaving identified the material options meeting the design requirements andfunctional performance, these should be subjected to a sustainability assessmentconsisting of the following three phases.Phase 1: Scoping Set the aims, objective and scope of the sustainability
43、 assessment Identify and engage with relevant stakeholder groups Develop a list of prioritized parameters for each of the three aspects ofsustainabilityPhase 2: Data collection and assessment For the base case and each alternative material design choice: establish aims, objective and scope for each
44、parameter assessment; acquire data and check quality; assess parameters; validate results of each parameter and check sensitivity toassumptions; combine parameters to assess overall sustainability; analyse wider consequences of this design option (optional) Compare sustainability assessment for each
45、 material design choiceagainst base case to make decisionPhase: 3 Reporting General reporting Inform stakeholders of results of the sustainability assessment Release report to internal stakeholders Release final external report following an independent critical reviewThe framework involves an elemen
46、t of iteration, which further improves therigour and inclusiveness of the assessment and provides assurance that the initialaims of the sustainability assessment can be met. Care should be taken to ensurethat the transparency of any exclusions are considered in data collection andverification.As a s
47、ustainability assessment can only be relative, a reference or base caseshould be defined for comparison with the alternative solutions to assesswhether each alternative is more or less sustainable than a base case (e.g. anexisting product, a benchmark or an aspirational goal).Figure 1 illustrates th
48、e phases of an effective sustainability assessment andAnnex D (Figure D.1) demonstrates how comparative assessments of materialchoice may be conducted.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8905:2011 BSI 2011 5Figure 1 The sustainability assessment process for a materialKeyOptionalBRITISH STANDARDBS 8905:20116 BSI 201
49、15 Phase 1: Scoping (see Figure 2)5.1 Setting the aims, objective and scope of the sustainabilityassessmentIt is critical to define the scope of the assessment and to check that this isaligned with the original aims. Scoping defines what is and what is not to beincluded in the assessment, and the user needs to check that the scopingdefinitions at each stage remain relevant and are sufficiently inclusive to achievethe desired aims and objectives. Without a well-drafted scope it is impossible tomake a worthwhile comparative asse
