1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED JANUARY 1993 BS 976:1987 Schedule for Density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid UDC 531.756(083.4/.6):546.131:54 145.2BS976:1987 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee,was p
2、ublished underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 31 December 1987 BSI 11-1999 First published August 1941 First revision August 1957 Second revision December 1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference LBC/5 Draft for comment 86/5053
3、8 DC ISBN 0 580 16216 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee (LBC/-) to Technical Committee LBC/5, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Laboratory Ware Association
4、Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Department of Trade and Industry (National Weights and Measures Laboratory) Institute of Brewing Institute of Petroleum National Sulphuric Acid Association Royal Society of Chemistry Scientific Glassware Association Scotch Whisk
5、y Association Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS976:1987 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Basis of Table 1 1 3 Application of Table 1 1 Appendix A Correction of readings taken
6、on BS hydrometers 18 Appendix B BS hydrometers available for use in conjunction with the tables 21 Appendix C Examples of the use of Table 1 in conjunction with BS hydrometers 23 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid 2 Table 2 Corrections to be applied to obtai
7、n density at t 18 Table 3 Temperature corrections for BS hydrometers 18 Table 4 Surface tensions of aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid at 20 C 19 Table 5 Maximum errors introduced by ignoring surface tensionwhenreadingBS hydrometers, adjusted for 55 mN/m, inaqueoussolutions of hydrochloricacidin
8、 an ordinary hydrometer jar 19 Table 6 Maximum errors due to omission of all corrections to BShydrometersadjusted for 55 mN/m 20 Table 7 BS hydrometers available for use in aqueous solutions ofhydrochloricacid 22 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS976:1987 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This Briti
9、sh Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee. This British Standard was first published in1941 and was revised in1957. This revision supersedes the1957 edition which is withdrawn. The United Kingdom participated in the preparation by Technical Com
10、mittee TC47, Chemistry, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), of the related ISO Recommendation ISO/R905:1968, but disapproved it on technical grounds. The United Kingdom did not disapprove of the conversion of ISO/R905:1968 into ISO905:1976 “Hydrochloric acid for industrial u
11、se Evaluation of hydrochloric acid concentration by measurement of density”. Together with hydrometers the tables provide a simple means of determining the strength of any given aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, or making up solutions of known strength. The tables may, or course, be used with o
12、ther methods of determining density (for example, seeBS733). The previous edition of this British Standard made reference to density and specific gravity hydrometers complying with BS718:1953. When BS718 was revised in1979 it was aligned as far as possible with the intentions of Technical Committee4
13、8, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The term “specific gravity” was replaced by “relative density”, scales of relative density were excluded, and scales marked in kilograms per cubic metre were introduced as an alternative to gr
14、ams per millilitre. Users who had a continuing need for relative density hydrometers (d 60/60 F) were referred to ISO650. The readings of a 60/60 F relative density hydrometer can readily be corrected (seeAppendix A) to yield density (in kg/m 3 ) of the liquid at the temperature at which the hydrome
15、ter is used. Within 1 to 2 parts in 1000 readings at a temperaturet (in C) of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer can be taken as the density (in kg/m 3 ) at t. To an accuracy which is very frequently adequate (within1 part in1000) the reading at a temperature t between10 C and40 C on a20 C or15 C
16、density hydrometer complying with BS718 may be accepted as the density (inkg/m 3 ) of the liquid at t. Density and relative density hydrometers therefore may often be used without correction. Appendix A gives information on how the highest accuracy can be obtained. Recommendations as to the choice o
17、f suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with these tables are given in Appendix B. Appendix C gives examples of the use of density-composition tables in conjunction with these hydrometers. The principal differences between BS976:1957 and this edition are: a) density, in Table 1, is given in ki
18、lograms per cubic metre instead of grams per millilitre; b) SI units have been used throughout and, where applicable, the tables have been recomputed; c) recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with Table 1 have been revised to accord with BS718; d) the temper
19、ature calculations given in Table 3 have been computed using the value of the thermal cubical expansion coefficient quoted in ISO1768 for the use in preparation of measurement tables for liquids.BS976:1987 BSI 11-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
20、 a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 24, an inside ba
21、ck cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS976:1987 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard gives tables that enable the composition of
22、an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to be determined from its density at temperatures between0 C and40 C. Appendix A gives information on the corrections that are necessary when density is determined by a hydrometer complying with BS718 1) . Appendix B gives information on the choice of BS hydr
23、ometers that are suitable for the determination of the density of hydrochloric acid solutions. Appendix C gives examples of the use of a BShydrometer in conjunction with Table 1. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on inside back cover. 2 Basis of Table 1 Table
24、 1 is based on data obtained from the International Critical Tables (1928) Vol.III, page54, supplemented by density-composition determinations in solutions containing more than30% of hydrochloric acid by mass at10 C,20 C and30 C, which were carried out at the suggestion of the Technical Committee re
25、sponsible for this standard. The results of the latter determinations support the data which appear in the International Critical Tables, though at a given density the concentrations given in certain other data, published since the International Critical Tables were compiled, are appreciably greater
26、. In particular the percentages given by Akerlf and Teare 2)are about0.5 greater at about1.15g/mL (i.e.about30% HCl). It should be observed that the table relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air. 3 Application of Table 1 Table 1 is arranged primarily for ease in determining the strength of an a
27、queous solution of hydrochloric acid of known density. The density of a solution of known strength can, however, be obtained quite readily from the table. Moreover, by the application of small allowances (seeAppendix A) Table 1 can be used to find the strength of solutions of known relative density
28、or the relative density of solutions of known strength. Consider, for example, a solution containing10g of HCl in100g of solution, i.e.one for which g=10. Bylooking up the value of D tcorresponding to the valueg =10 under any particular temperature inTable 1, the density of the solution at that temp
29、erature can be obtained. Thus, for example, the density of the solution of1050kg/m 3at10 C,1047kg/m 3at20 C, etc. Due allowance, based on the density of water at the various temperatures concerned, can then be made to find the corresponding relative densities at the same temperature as the acid. It
30、should be observed that the percentage composition g of a solution is independent of its temperature, but G, the number of grams of hydrochloric acid in1L of solution, varies with the temperature of the solution owing to the change in volume of the solution with change in temperature. Hence, the con
31、centration G should always be associated with a particular temperature. For a given value of G applicable at a particular temperature,Table 1 can be used to obtain the density of the solution at the specified temperature or at any other temperature within the range of the table. The value of G for t
32、he solution at temperatures other than the specified one can also be obtained. For example, consider a solution1L of which, at20 C, contains199g of HCl. Under20 C inTable 1 the value of D tcorresponding to G=199 is1089kg/m 3and the corresponding value of g is18.2g. By tracing the valueg=18.2g throug
33、h the table, and interpolating where necessary, the density D tat various temperatures of the solution containing199g of HCl in1L of solution at20 C can be obtained and also the number of grams of HCl in1L of the solution at various temperatures. The following are examples of values which may thus b
34、e obtained. 1) From hereon referred to as a BS hydrometer. 2) J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 60 (1938), 1226. t HCl in 100 g of solution Density of solution at t HCl in 1 L of solution at t C g kg/m 3 g 0 18.2 1 097 200 10 18.2 1 093 199 20 18.2 1 089 199 30 18.2 1 084 198 40 18.2 1 080 197BS976:1987 2 BSI 11
35、-1999 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid D tis the density (mass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m 3 ) at a temperature t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gives the
36、 density D t , and that the reading of a 60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically0.001 greater than D t/1 000(see Appendix A). t 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C D t g G g G g G g G 1 000 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 1 0.2 2 1 001 0.2 2 0.2 2 0.3 3 0.4 4 1 002 0.4 4 0.4 4 0.5 5 0.6 6 1 003 0.6 6 0.6 6 0.7 7 0.8
37、8 1 004 0.8 8 0.8 8 0.8 8 1.0 10 1 005 1.0 10 1.0 10 1.0 10 1.2 12 1 006 1.1 12 1.2 12 1.2 12 1.4 14 1 007 1.3 13 1.4 14 1.4 14 1.6 16 1 008 1.5 15 1.5 16 1.6 16 1.8 18 1 009 1.7 17 1.7 18 1.8 18 2.0 20 1 010 1.9 19 1.9 19 2.0 20 2.2 22 1 011 2.1 21 2.1 21 2.2 22 2.4 24 1 012 2.3 23 2.3 23 2.4 24 2.
38、6 26 1 013 2.5 25 2.5 25 2.6 26 2.8 28 1 014 2.6 27 2.7 27 2.8 28 3.0 30 1 015 2.8 29 2.9 29 3.0 30 3.2 32 1 016 3.0 31 3.1 31 3.2 32 3.4 34 1 017 3.2 33 3.3 33 3.4 34 3.6 36 1 018 3.4 34 3.4 35 3.6 36 3.8 38 1 019 3.6 36 3.6 37 3.8 38 4.0 40 1 020 3.8 38 3.8 39 4.0 40 4.2 42 1 021 3.9 40 4.0 41 4.2
39、 42 4.4 44 1 022 4.1 42 4.2 43 4.4 45 4.6 47 1 023 4.3 44 4.4 45 4.6 47 4.8 49 1 024 4.5 46 4.6 47 4.8 49 5.0 51 1 025 4.7 48 4.8 49 5.0 51 5.2 53 1 026 4.9 50 5.0 51 5.2 53 5.4 55BS976:1987 BSI 11-1999 3 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid g is the mass (in
40、g) of HCl in 100 g mass of solution. G is the mass (in g) of HCl in a quantity of solution occupying 1 L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C t g G g G g G g G g G D t 0.3 3 0.6 6 0.9 9 1.2 12 1.6 16 1 000 0.5 5 0.8 8 1.1 11 1.4 14 1.8 18 1 001 0.8 8 1.0 10 1
41、.3 13 1.6 16 2.0 20 1 002 1.0 10 1.2 12 1.5 15 1.8 18 2.2 22 1 003 1.2 12 1.4 14 1.7 17 2.1 21 2.4 24 1 004 1.4 14 1.6 16 1.9 19 2.3 23 2.6 26 1 005 1.6 16 1.8 18 2.1 21 2.5 25 2.8 29 1 006 1.8 18 2.0 20 2.3 23 2.7 27 3.1 31 1 007 2.0 20 2.2 22 2.5 25 2.9 29 3.3 33 1 008 2.2 22 2.4 24 2.7 28 3.1 31
42、3.5 35 1 009 2.4 24 2.6 27 2.9 30 3.3 33 3.7 37 1 010 2.6 26 2.8 29 3.1 32 3.5 35 3.9 39 1 011 2.8 28 3.0 31 3.3 34 3.7 38 4.1 41 1 012 3.0 30 3.2 33 3.6 36 3.9 40 4.3 43 1 013 3.2 32 3.4 35 3.8 38 4.1 42 4.5 46 1 014 3.4 34 3.6 37 4.0 40 4.3 44 4.7 48 1 015 3.6 36 3.9 39 4.2 42 4.5 46 4.9 50 1 016
43、3.8 38 4.1 41 4.4 45 4.8 48 5.1 52 1 017 4.0 40 4.3 43 4.6 47 5.0 51 5.4 54 1 018 4.2 43 4.5 46 4.8 49 5.2 53 5.6 57 1 019 4.4 45 4.7 48 5.0 51 5.4 55 5.8 59 1 020 4.6 47 4.9 50 5.2 53 5.6 57 6.0 61 1 021 4.8 49 5.1 52 5.4 55 5.8 59 6.2 63 1 022 5.0 51 5.3 54 5.6 58 6.0 61 6.4 66 1 023 5.2 53 5.5 56
44、 5.8 60 6.2 64 6.6 68 1 024 5.4 55 5.7 58 6.0 62 6.4 66 6.8 70 1 025 5.6 58 5.9 61 6.3 64 6.6 68 7.0 72 1 026BS976:1987 4 BSI 11-1999 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid D tis the density (mass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m 3 ) at a temperature t (in
45、C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer att gives the density D t , and that the reading of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically0.001 greater than D t/1 000(seeAppendix A). t 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C D t g G g G g
46、 G g G 1 027 5.1 52 5.2 53 5.4 55 5.6 57 1 028 5.3 54 5.4 55 5.5 57 5.8 59 1 029 5.5 56 5.6 57 5.7 59 6.0 61 1 030 5.6 58 5.8 59 5.9 61 6.2 63 1 031 5.8 60 6.0 61 6.1 63 6.4 66 1 032 6.0 62 6.2 64 6.3 65 6.6 68 1 033 6.2 64 6.4 66 6.5 68 6.8 70 1 034 6.4 66 6.6 68 6.7 70 7.0 72 1 035 6.6 68 6.8 70 6
47、.9 72 7.2 74 1 036 6.8 70 7.0 72 7.1 74 7.4 77 1 037 7.0 72 7.1 74 7.3 76 7.6 79 1 038 7.2 74 7.3 76 7.5 78 7.8 81 1 039 7.4 77 7.5 78 7.7 80 8.0 83 1 040 7.6 79 7.7 80 7.9 83 8.2 85 1 041 7.8 81 7.9 82 8.1 85 8.4 87 1 042 7.9 83 8.1 85 8.3 87 8.6 90 1 043 8.1 85 8.3 87 8.5 89 8.8 92 1 044 8.3 87 8.
48、5 89 8.7 91 9.0 94 1 045 8.5 89 8.7 91 8.9 93 9.2 96 1 046 8.7 91 8.9 93 9.1 95 9.4 98 1 047 8.9 93 9.1 95 9.3 98 9.6 101 1 048 9.1 95 9.3 97 9.5 100 9.8 103 1 049 9.3 97 9.5 99 9.7 102 10.0 105 1 050 9.5 99 9.7 102 9.9 104 10.2 107 1 051 9.7 101 9.9 104 10.1 106 10.4 109 1 052 9.8 104 10.1 106 10.3
49、 108 10.6 112 1 053 10.0 106 10.3 108 10.5 111 10.8 114BS976:1987 BSI 11-1999 5 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid g is the mass (in g) of HCl in 100 g mass of solution. G is the mass (in g) of HCl in a quantity of solution occupying1L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C t g G g G g G g G g G D t 5.8 60 6.1 63 6.5 66 6.9 70 7.3 75 1 027 6.0 62 6.3 65 6.7 69 7.1 73 7.5 77 1 028 6.2 64 6.5 67 6.9 71 7
