1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD CEN/TR 13233:2007Advanced technical ceramics Notations and symbolsICS 01.060; 01.075; 81.060.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g
2、42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD CEN/TR 13233:2007This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50722 9National foreword
3、This Published Document was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13233:2007. It supersedes DD ENV 13233:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on t
4、his committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:
5、35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 13233February 2007ICS 01.060; 01.075; 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 13233:1998 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Notations and symbolsCramiques techniques avances - Notations et symboles Hoc
6、hleistungskeramik - Benennungen und FormelzeichenThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 25 December 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 184.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,Fr
7、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR N
8、ORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 13233:2007: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIContents Pa
9、ge Foreword. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Symbols, units and notations 4 3.1 General symbols . 4 3.2 Symbols and notations specific to ceramic matrix composites 4 3.3 Symbols, definitions and units 7 Bibliography . 17 CEN/TR 13233:20072Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT
10、+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIForeword This document (CEN/TR 13233:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the su
11、bject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV 13233:1998. CEN/TR 13233:20073Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1 Scope This Technical Report
12、defines the symbols to be used to represent physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics, as determined by methods described in relevant CEN publications, for advanced technical ceramics, including ceramic matrix composites. It is a guide for writing the symbols of quantities of these materials
13、to avoid confusion in reporting measurements and characteristics of products. Where possible, the definitions are in accordance with the relevant parts of ISO 31 and ISO 80000. In addition the symbols used in undertaking measurements of these characteristics are also defined. 2 Normative references
14、Not applicable. 3 Symbols, units and notations 3.1 General symbols Contrary to monolithic materials, continuous fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites show a directional dependence in their thermal and mechanical properties, because of their anisotropic nature. A specific set of standards differ
15、ent from those for monolithic materials is required in order to characterize these properties, both at room temperature and at the anticipated high application temperatures. To allow adequate representation of the directional dependence, a notation convention is needed to identify the reinforcement
16、directions in a right-hand orthogonal coordinate system for purposes of sampling test pieces and for the presentation of results. 3.2 Symbols and notations specific to ceramic matrix composites The use of the subscripts 1, 2, 3 attached to the symbols used for mechanical properties makes it possible
17、 to define the mechanical characteristics of a material along one of its principal directions. The use of the subscripts (12, 13, 23) attached to the symbols used for mechanical properties makes it possible to give a material characteristics in one of the principal planes, for example: 1,t,m: tensil
18、e strength in the 1 direction; G12 : shear modulus in the 12 plane. Figures 1 to 4 give examples of denotation on long fibre ceramic matrix composite materials. CEN/TR 13233:20074Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI321Figure 1 Schematic diagram
19、of a 1D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) 321Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a 2D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) CEN/TR 13233:20075Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIFigure 3 Schematic diagram of an xD (2 x
20、3) material 123Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a 3D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) CEN/TR 13233:20076Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI3.3 Symbols, definitions and units Tables 1 to 4 give symbols, definitions and units gene
21、rally used for quantities referred to in standards for advanced technical ceramics. NOTE The quantities listed are referred to in the standards given in the final column of each table, although it is possible that the corresponding symbols have not been used. In this case, it is anticipated that the
22、y will be incorporated in the next revision of the standard. CEN/TR 13233:20077Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITable1 Symbolsrelated to physicalquantitiesPhysical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSDensit
23、yRatio ofthe massofa bodyto itsvolume kg/m3Appliesto true density ofpowders623-2, 725-7, 1159-2 Apparent densityaRatio ofthe massofthe bodyto itstotal volumekg/m3 Appliesto compactedpowders725-10 BulkdensitybRatio ofthe massofthe drymaterial ofaporousbodyto itsvolume kg/m3Appliesalsoto tapped bulkde
24、nsityofpowders623-2, 725-8, 1389 Lineardensityt Ratio ofthe massofa multifilament towto its length TexTexisthemassingramsper1 000 m1007-2 PorosityP Ratio ofthe total volumeofporesin aporousbodyto itstotal volume -623-2, 1389 Apparent porosityPaRatio ofthe volume ofopen poresto total volume-623-2, 13
25、89 Grain sizegmliMean linearintercept grain size determinedeitherbythe line orcircle method applied tomicrographsofpolished cross-sectionsm623-2 Phase volume fraction Vf,jFractional volume ofphase oftype jdetermined frommicrographsofpolishedcross-sections -623-5 CEN/TR 13233:20078Licensed Copy: Wang
26、 Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITable2 Symbolsrelated to geometrical quantitiesof testpiecesGeometrical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSLength Total length l, ltTotal length ofthe testpiecemm843-1, 843-2 Initial length l
27、0 Initial length oftestpiece in thermalexpansion measurement mm821-1 Gauge length L0Initial distance between reference points onthe testpiece in the calibrated length mm658-1, 658-2, 1892, 1893 Distance between outerrollersLaOutersupportspan in three orfour-pointbending configuration mmIn flexural s
28、trength and modulustesting 658-3 Distance between innerrollersLiInnerloading span in four-point bending configuration mmIn flexural strength and modulustesting 821-1, 843-1, 843-2, 843-3, 658-3 Cross-sectionA Cross-section area mm2 Initial cross-section area A0Initial cross-section area ofthe testpi
29、ecewithin the calibrated length at testtemperature mm21892 NOTE1Whenthematerial is protectedbya surface treatment,twoinitialcross-section areas canbe defined:Apparent cross-section areaA0,aGeometrical area ofthe cross-section mm21893 Effective cross-section area A0,eGeometrical area correctedbya fac
30、tor, toaccount forthe presenceofa surfacetreatment mm21893 Distance between notchesL In inter-laminarsheartesting, the spacingbetween opposed notchesmm658-4, 1894 Widthandthickness Width b Widthofatestpiece (normal to loadingdirection in flexure)mm658-3, 843-1, 843-2, 1892 CEN/TR 13233:20079Licensed
31、 Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIGeometrical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSNOTE2Whenthematerialis protectedbya surface treatment,twowidthscanbe defined :Apparent width baGeometrical width mm1893 Effective wid
32、th beGeometrical width corrected bya factortoaccount forthe presenceofa surfacetreatment mm1893 NOTE3 When widthchanges along the length, a numericalsubscript isadded to symbolb,b1isthewidth inthecalibrated length, b2, b3,.are the otherwidths. Thesesubscriptsare defined inindividual documents.Thickn
33、ess h Thicknessorwidth ofa testpiece (parallel to the direction ofloading in flexure)Thicknessoftestpiece mmmm843-1, 843-2 821-2 NOTE4Whenthematerialis protectedbya surface treatment,twothicknessescanbe defined:Apparent thicknesshaGeometrical thicknessmm1893 Effective thicknessheGeometricalthickness
34、 correctedbyafactorto account forthe presence ofa surfacetreatment mm1893 NOTE5Whenthicknesschangesalongthelength,anumerical subscriptisaddedtosymbol h, h1isthethicknessinthe calibrated lengthh2, h3,.arethe other thicknesses.Thesesubscripts aredefinedinindividual documents.Indentation diagonal lengt
35、h(in hardness testing)In hardnesstesting, the lengthsofthediagonalsofaVickers indentation orlongaxisofa Knoop indentation mm843-4 Initial crackornotch depth a0 In fracture toughnesstesting, the length ofthe initial crackornotchmm14425-3 DeflectionFlexural deflection d Displacementofthe loading point
36、srelativeto the support points(oranyotherreferencepoints)in flexure mmUsed with varioussubscripts843-2 MassCEN/TR 13233:200710Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIGeometrical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/T
37、SMass m Quantityofmatterin a bodyg 623-2, 843-2 DiameterDiameterd Diameterofthe testpiece in the calibratedlength mm1892 NOTE6Whenthematerialis protectedbya surface treatment,twodiameterscanbe defined:Apparent diameterdaGeometrical diametermm1893 Effective diameterdeGeometrical diametercorrected bya
38、 factorto account forthe presence ofa surfacetreatment mm1893 NOTE7 When diameterchanges along the length, a numericalsubscript isadded to symbold, d1isthediameterin thecalibrated length, d2, d3.are the otherdiameters.These subscriptsare defined in individualdocuments.Blend radiusr Transition radius
39、between parts ofthespecimen with different cross-section mmThe typeofradiuscanbe defined in eachdocumentbyuse ofasubscript 1892 CEN/TR 13233:200711Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITable 3 Symbols relatedtomechanical quantities Mechanical quan
40、tities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSDeformationFlexural deformation Flexural deflection, asdefined in each case mm820-4, 820-5 843-2 Longitudinal deformation L Variation in the gauge length caused byan applied load. Variation ispositive in tensileand negative in compr
41、essivetestmmTensile/compressive test658-1 658-2 1892 Longitudinal tensile deformation atmaximum forceLt,mValue oflongitudinal tensile deformationcorresponding to the maximumforce mm658-1 1892 Longitudinal compressive deformation atmaximum forceLc,mValue oflongitudinalcompressivedeformation correspon
42、ding to the maximum forcemm658-2 StrainStrain Relative change in the gauge length definedasthe ratio L/L0- Tensile/compressivetest658-1 1892 Tensilestrainatmaximum forcet,mValue ofstrain corresponding to the maximum tensileforce-658-1 658-2 Compressivestrainatmaximum forcec,mValue ofstrain correspon
43、ding to the maximum compressiveforce-658-1 658-2 Shearstrain The change in angle ofan originallyorthogonal set oflinesasa consequence ofa shearload - ForceForceF Forceapplied to the testpiece during thetestN 658-1, 820-4, 820-5, 843-1, 843-2, 1892, 1893 CEN/TR 13233:200712Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na
44、, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIMechanical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSPeakforce at fracture Fm Maximumforce during a testorat fracture N 843-3 Stress andstrainStress(tensile/compressive/shear)Ratio ofthe force carried bythe
45、 testpiece atanytimein the testbythe initial cross-section area MPa Strain(tensile/compressive)Fractional increasein dimension ofabodysubjected to stress- Sign convention tensile ispositive, compression isnegative 658-1 843-1 843-2 843-5 1892 Shearstrain The change in angle ofan originallyorthogonal
46、 set oflinesasa consequence ofa shearload - Flexural stressThe nominal stresson the outersurface ofthe testpiece, calculated at mid span MPa 658-3 In plane shearstressRatio ofthe force carried bythe testpiece bythe initial cross-section subjected to shearMPa 12289 Stressingrate&Rate ofchange ofstres
47、swith time MPa/s843-3 Strength Strengthscorrespond to stressesat maximumforce during a testcarried out to rupture Tensile strength t,mRatio ofthe maximumtensile force totheinitial cross-section area MPa 658-1 Compressive strength c,mRatio ofthe maximumcompressive force tothe initial cross-section ar
48、eaMPa 658-2 Flexural strength f,mMaximumflexural stressapplied toa testpiece that fracturesduring a flexural testMPa 658-3 Interlaminarshearstrength ILSSRatio ofthe maximumforce applied to the initial cross-section area MPa 12289 CEN/TR 13233:200713Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Sep 14 02:54:35 GM
49、T+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIMechanical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSIn plane shearstrength mRatio ofthe maximumforce applied to the initial cross-section area MPa 658-4, 658-5, 658-6, 12289 NOTE1The symbols listed herefor mechanicalquantitiesatrupture(strengthandstrain) havea first subscriptindicatingthetypeoftest(tfor tensile, cforcompressive,fforflexure). Asecondsubscript,mis added to indicate the maximum value.Othersubscriptsmaybeaddedtorefer totestconditions (forexample temper
