1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationRotating electrical machinesPart 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed applications Application guideDD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011National forewordThis Draf
2、t for Development is the UK implementation of CLC/TS 60034-31:2011. It is identical to IEC/TS 60034-31:2010. It supersedes DD IEC/TS 60034-31:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/2, Rotating electrical machinery.A list of organizati
3、ons represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 73275 1 ICS 29.160.30 Compliance with a British Standard ca
4、nnot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedDRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CL
5、C/TS 60034-31 SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION February 2011 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2011 CEN
6、ELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TS 60034-31:2011 E ICS 29.160 English version Rotating electrical machines - Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed applications - Application guide (IE
7、C/TS 60034-31:2010) Machines lectriques tournantes - Partie 31: Choix des moteurs conergtiques incluant les applications vitesse variable - Guide dapplication (CEI/TS 60034-31:2010) Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 31: Auswahl von Energiesparmotoren einschlielich Drehzahlstellantrieben - Anwend
8、ungsleitfaden (IEC/TS 60034-31:2010) This Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2011-02-21. CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to
9、 keep conflicting national standards in force. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
10、the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011CLC/TS 60034-31:2011 - 2 - Foreword The text of the Technical Specification IEC/TS 60034-31:2010, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery, was submitted
11、to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TS 60034-31 on 2011-02-21. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The foll
12、owing date was fixed: latest date by which the existence of the CLC/TS has to be announced at national level (doa) 2011-08-21 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the Technical Specification IEC/TS 60034-31:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a Technical Specification wit
13、hout any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60034-2-1:2007 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60034-2-1:2007 (not modified). IEC 60034-12 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60034-12. IEC/TS 60034-17 NOTE Harmonized as CLC/TS 60034-17.
14、 IEC/TS 60034-25 NOTE Harmonized as CLC/TS 60034-25. IEC 60034-26 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60034-26. IEC 60079-0 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60079-0. IEC 60300-3-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60300-3-3. IEC 61241-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61241-1. IEC 61800-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61800-2. DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011- 3
15、 - CLC/TS 60034-31:2011 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
16、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60034-1 (mod) - Rotating electrical ma
17、chines - Part 1: Rating and performance EN 60034-1 - IEC 60034-30 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 30: Efficiency classes of single-speed, three-phase, cage-induction motors (IE code)EN 60034-30 - DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011 2 TS 60034-31 IEC:2010 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.7 1 Scope.8 2 Normative refer
18、ences .8 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 8 3.1 Terms and definitions 8 3.2 Symbols 8 4 General 9 5 Efficiency .10 5.1 General .10 5.2 Motor losses11 5.3 Additional motor-losses when operated on a frequency converter12 5.4 Motors for higher efficiency classes.12 5.5 Variations in motor losses .13 5.
19、6 Part load efficiency14 5.7 Efficiency testing methods.15 5.8 Power factor (see Figure 4) .16 5.9 Matching motors and variable frequency converters 17 5.10 Motors rated for 50 Hz and 60 Hz18 5.11 Motors rated for different voltages or a voltage range20 5.12 Motors rated for operation at frequencies
20、 other than 50/60 Hz.20 5.13 Variable frequency converter efficiency .20 5.14 Frequency converter power factor .22 6 Environment .22 6.1 Starting performance.22 6.2 Operating speed and slip.23 6.3 Effects of power quality and variation in voltage and frequency .23 6.4 Effects of voltage unbalance .2
21、3 6.5 Effects of ambient temperature24 7 Applications24 7.1 General .24 7.2 Energy savings by speed control (variable speed drives, VSD)24 7.3 Correct sizing of the motor 24 7.4 Continuous duty application 25 7.5 Applications involving extended periods of light load operations25 7.6 Applications inv
22、olving overhauling loads26 7.7 Applications where load-torque is increasing with speed (pumps, fans, compressors, etc.).26 7.8 Applications involving frequent starts and stops and/or mechanical braking.27 7.9 Applications involving explosive gas or dust atmospheres .27 8 Economy 28 8.1 Relevance to
23、users28 8.2 Initial purchase cost 28 8.3 Operating cost.29 8.4 Rewinding cost30 8.5 Payback time.31 DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011TS 60034-31 IEC:2010 3 8.6 Life cycle cost .31 9 Maintenance.32 Annex A (informative) Super-premium efficiency (IE4) .34 Bibliography40 Figure 1 Overview of different areas for
24、savings of electrical energy with drive systems 9 Figure 2 Typical losses of energy-efficient motors, converters and electro-mechanical brakes10 Figure 3 Typical efficiency versus load curve bands for three-phase, cage-induction motors of different output power ranges (approximately 1,1 kW, 15 kW an
25、d 150 kW).14 Figure 4 Typical power factor versus load curve bands for three-phase, cage-induction motors of different output power ranges (approximately 1,1 kW, 15 kW and 150 kW)16 Figure 5 Typical reduction of energy efficiency in %-points for 4-pole, low-voltage motors between 50 Hz and 60 Hz whe
26、n compared at the same torque (60 Hz power 20 % increased).19 Figure 6 Typical reduction of energy efficiency in %-points for 4-pole, low-voltage motors between 50 Hz and 60 Hz when compared at the same output power (60 Hz torque 20 % reduced) .19 Figure 7 Typical efficiency of indirect three-phase
27、voltage source type converters with a passive front-end for typical load points of pumps, fans and compressors 20 Figure 8 Typical efficiency of indirect three-phase voltage source type converters with a passive front-end for typical load points of constant torque.21 Figure 9 Typical variations of c
28、urrent, speed, power factor and efficiency with voltage for constant output power .23 Figure 10 Potential energy savings by improvement of efficiency classes for motors running at rated load.25 Figure 11 Typical torque versus speed curves for 11 kW, 4-pole, three-phase, cage- induction motors and lo
29、ad versus speed curves for speed-square-loads .26 Figure 12 11 kW IE3 motor operated at full load, 4 000 operating hours per year, 15 years life cycle28 Figure 13 Example of a load factor graph: fraction of annual operating hours 29 Figure 14 Life cycle cost analysis of an 11 kW motor operating at f
30、ull load 32 Figure A.1 IE4 efficiency limits.39 Table 1 Loss distribution in three-phase, 4-pole, cage-induction electric motors 12 Table 2 Exemplary efficiency calculation of a motor when operated at 50 Hz and 60 Hz with the same torque, using a 50 Hz motor rating as the basis18 Table 3 Loss distri
31、bution for low-voltage U-converters .21 Table 4 Example of changing of efficiency, speed and torque demand with energy efficiency class of three 11 kW, 50 Hz motors in the same application 27 Table 5 Average lifecycles for electric motors 30 Table A.1 Interpolation coefficients 35 Table A.2 Nominal
32、limits (%) for super-premium efficiency (IE4) 35 Table A.3 Standard power in kW associated with torque and speed for line-operated motors 36 Table A.4 Nominal limits for super-premium efficiency (IE4) for 50 Hz line operated motors 37 DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011 4 TS 60034-31 IEC:2010 Table A.5 Nominal
33、limits for super-premium efficiency (IE4) for 60 Hz line operated motors 38 DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011TS 60034-31 IEC:2010 7 INTRODUCTION The present technical specification gives technical guidelines for the application of energy-efficient motors in constant-speed and variable speed applications. It d
34、oes not cover aspects of a purely commercial nature. Standards developed by IEC technical committee 2 do not deal with methods of how to obtain a high efficiency but with tests to verify the guaranteed value. IEC 60034-2-1 is the most important standard for this purpose. For approximately 15 years r
35、egional agreements were negotiated in many areas of the world regarding efficiency classes of three-phase, cage-induction motors with outputs up to about 200 kW maximum, as motors of this size are installed in high quantities and are for the most part produced in series production. The design of the
36、se motors is often driven by the market demand for low investment cost, hence energy efficiency was not a top priority. In IEC 60034-30, IE efficiency classes for single-speed cage-induction motors have been defined and test procedures specified: IE1 Standard efficiency IE2 High efficiency IE3 Premi
37、um efficiency IE4 Super-premium efficiency Determination of efficiency for motors powered by a frequency converter will be included in IEC standard 60034-2-3. However, for motors rated 1 MW and above, which are usually custom made, a high efficiency has always been one of the most important design g
38、oals. The full-load efficiency of these machines typically ranges between 95 % and 98 %. Efficiency is usually part of the purchase contract and is penalized if the guaranteed values are not met. Therefore, these higher ratings are of secondary importance when assigning efficiency classes. With perm
39、ission from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), some parts of this TS are based on NEMA MG 10, Energy Management Guide For Selection and Use of Fixed Frequency Medium AC Squirrel-Cage Polyphase Induction Motors. DD CLC/TS 60034-31:2011 8 TS 60034-31 IEC:2010 ROTATING ELECTRICAL
40、 MACHINES Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed applications Application guide 1 Scope This part of IEC 60034 provides a guideline of technical aspects for the application of energy-efficient, three-phase, electric motors. It not only applies to motor manufacturers,
41、OEMs (original equipment manufacturers), end users, regulators and legislators but to all other interested parties. This technical specification is applicable to all electrical machines covered by IEC 60034-30. Most of the information however is also relevant for cage-induction machines with output
42、powers exceeding 375 kW. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. I
43、EC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance IEC 60034-30, Rotating electrical machines Part 30: Efficiency classes of single-speed three-phase, cage induction motors (IE-code) 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, th
44、e terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1 and in IEC 60034-30 apply. 3.2 Symbols nis the nominal efficiency, % Nis the rated efficiency, % fNis the rated frequency, Hz nNis the rated speed, min1 PNis the rated output power, kW TNis the rated output torque, Nm UNis the rated voltage, V DD CLC/TS 6
45、0034-31:2011TS 60034-31 IEC:2010 9 4 General Electrical componentsMechanical components Factory automationEnergy recoveryEnergy efficiency motors Power factor correction devices Use most economical components Minimize rotating inertia Variable speed drive systems Proper and regular maintenance Appli
46、cationVariable speed drive systems Soft-start with frequency control Most efficient power supply Most efficient power supply Low-energy mode during standstill Low-energy mode during standstill Optimized mass and flow Energy efficient, gearboxes, bolts, Energy efficient pumps, fans, compressors, Redu
47、cing elect. transmission losses Regenerative braking DC-link couplingBatteries ultra-cap, fly-wheels etc S1ContinuousdutyS2Short-timeS3S10Intermittent duty IEC 700/10 Figure 1 Overview of different areas for savings of electrical energy with drive systems Energy can be saved in different areas of el
48、ectrical drive systems depending on the duty type (continuous or intermittent). In continuous duty applications, improved efficiency of the electrical motor is beneficial. An improved power factor (frequency converter, synchronous motor) can help reduce IR losses in cables. Mechanical optimizations
49、(gearbox, belts, pumps, fans, etc.) may lead to much greater savings than improvements of the electrical motor. The application should also be regarded as well because, in many cases, the main part of the energy saving can be obtained by managing the application load from the system point of view. For that purpose, a demand-oriented speed control is often helpful. Proper maintenance is usually beneficial. Many industrial plants have a
