1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationDD ISO/TS 19130:2010Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioningDD ISO/TS 19130:2010 DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNational forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK
2、 implementation of ISO/TS19130:2010.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publicationsand is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on thisprovisional basis, so that information and experience of its practicalapp
3、lication can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Developmentare requested so that UK experience can be reported to theinternational organization responsible for its conversion toan international standard. A review of this publication willbe initiated not later than 3 years af
4、ter its publication by theinternational organization so that a decision can be taken on itsstatus. Notification of the start of the review period will be made inan announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period,the responsi
5、ble BSI Committee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sentto the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, Lon
6、don W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contrac
7、t. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 64152 7ICS 35.240.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority ofthe Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011.
8、Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedDD ISO/TS 19130:2010Reference numberISO/TS 19130:2010(E)ISO 2010TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS19130First edition2010-06-15Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Information gographique Modles de capteurs dimages de goposit
9、ionnement DD ISO/TS 19130:2010ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer
10、 performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create t
11、his PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Cen
12、tral Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissio
13、n in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedD
14、D ISO/TS 19130:2010ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Conformance .1 3 Normative references2 4 Terms and definitions .2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 11 5.1 Abbreviated terms .11 5.2 Notation 13 6 Image geopositioning: overview
15、and common elements .13 6.1 Introduction13 6.2 Type of geopositioning information 14 6.3 Calibration data .15 6.4 Ground control points.16 7 Physical Sensor Models .19 7.1 Sensor types 19 7.2 Physical Sensor Model approach 23 7.3 Quality associated with Physical Sensor Models 29 7.4 Physical Sensor
16、Model metadata 31 7.5 Location and orientation.32 7.6 Sensor parameters 37 8 True Replacement Models and Correspondence Models .43 8.1 Functional fitting .43 8.2 True Replacement Model approach.44 8.3 Quality associated with a True Replacement Model50 8.4 Schema for True Replacement Model .52 8.5 Co
17、rrespondence Model approach .53 8.6 Schema for Correspondence Models56 Annex A (normative) Conformance and testing 57 Annex B (normative) Geolocation information data dictionary .60 Annex C (normative) Coordinate systems .77 Annex D (informative) Frame sensor model metadata profile supporting precis
18、e geopositioning .106 Annex E (informative) Pushbroom / Whiskbroom sensor model metadata profile114 Annex F (informative) Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor model metadata profile supporting precise geopositioning .128 Bibliography140 DD ISO/TS 19130:2010ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights rese
19、rvedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
20、 a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all mat
21、ters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circu
22、lated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish othe
23、r types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Speci
24、fication (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a fur
25、ther three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that
26、 some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 19130 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. DD ISO/TS 19130:2010ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 201
27、0 All rights reserved vIntroduction The purpose of this Technical Specification is to specify the geolocation information that an imagery data provider shall supply in order for the user to be able to find the earth location of the data using a Physical Sensor Model, a True Replacement Model or a Co
28、rrespondence Model. Detailed Physical Sensor Models are defined for passive electro-optical visible/infrared (IR) sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system (Synthetic Aperture Radar). A set of components from which models for other sensors can be constructe
29、d is also provided. Metadata required for geopositioning using a True Replacement Model, a Correspondence Model, or ground control points are also specified. The intent is to standardize sensor descriptions and specify the minimum geolocation metadata requirements for data providers and geopositioni
30、ng imagery systems. Vast amounts of data from imaging systems are collected, processed and distributed by government mapping and remote sensing agencies and commercial data vendors. In order for this data to be useful in extraction of geographic information, it requires further processing. Geopositi
31、oning, which determines the ground coordinates of an object from image coordinates, is a fundamental processing step. Because of the diversity of sensor types and the lack of a common sensor model standard, data from different producers can contain different parametric information, lack parameters r
32、equired to describe the sensor that produces the data, or lack ancillary information necessary for geopositioning and analysing the data. Consequently, a separate software package often has to be developed to deal with data from each individual sensor or data producer. Standard sensor models and geo
33、location metadata allow agencies or vendors to develop generalized software products that are applicable to data from multiple data producers or from multiple sensors. With such a standard, different producers can describe the geolocation information of their data in the same way, thus promoting int
34、eroperability of data between application systems and facilitating data exchange. This Technical Specification defines the set of metadata elements specified for providing sensor model and other geopositioning data to users. For the case where a Physical Sensor Model is provided, it includes a locat
35、ion model and metadata relevant to all sensors; it also includes metadata specific to whiskbroom, pushbroom, frame, and SAR sensors. It also includes metadata for functional fit geopositioning, where the function is part of a Correspondence Model or a True Replacement Model. This Technical Specifica
36、tion also provides a schema for all of these metadata elements. DD ISO/TS 19130:2010DD ISO/TS 19130:2010TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning 1 Scope This Technical Specification identifies the infor
37、mation required to determine the relationship between the position of a remotely sensed pixel in image coordinates and its geoposition. It supports exploitation of remotely sensed images. It defines the metadata to be distributed with the image to enable user determination of geographic position fro
38、m the observations. This Technical Specification specifies several ways in which information in support of geopositioning may be provided. a) It may be provided as a sensor description with the associated physical and geometric information necessary to rigorously construct a Physical Sensor Model. F
39、or the case where precise geoposition information is needed, this Technical Specification identifies the mathematical formulae for rigorously constructing Physical Sensor Models that relate two-dimensional image space to three-dimensional ground space and the calculation of the associated propagated
40、 errors. This Technical Specification provides detailed information for three types of passive electro-optical/infrared (IR) sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). It provides a framework by which these sensor models can b
41、e extended to other sensor types. b) It may be provided as a True Replacement Model, using functions whose coefficients are based on a Physical Sensor Model so that they provide information for precise geopositioning, including the calculation of errors, as precisely as the Physical Sensor Model the
42、y replace. c) It may be provided as a Correspondence Model that provides a functional fitting based on observed relationships between the geopositions of a set of ground control points and their image coordinates. d) It may be provided as a set of ground control points that can be used to develop a
43、Correspondence Model or to refine a Physical Sensor Model or True Replacement Model. This Technical Specification does not specify either how users derive geoposition data or the format or content of the data the users generate. 2 Conformance This Technical Specification specifies four conformance c
44、lasses. There is one conformance class for each of the methods specified for providing geopositioning information. Any set of geopositioning information claiming conformance to this Technical Specification shall satisfy the requirements for at least one conformance class as specified in Table 1. The
45、 requirements for each class are shown by the presence of an X in the boxes for all clauses in the application test suite (ATS) required for that class. If the requirement is conditional, the box contains a C. DD ISO/TS 19130:2010ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedTable 1 Conformance
46、 classes Subclause A.1 A.2.1 A.2.2 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.4 A.5 A.6 Correspondence Model X X X X X SAR X X X X X Physical Sensor Model electro-optical X X X X X True Replacement Model X X X Conformance ClassGCP Collection X X X C C C C C C C C 3 Normative references The following referenced
47、 documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO
48、19107, Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19108, Geographic information Temporal schema ISO 19111:2007, Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information Metadata ISO 19115-2:2009, Geographic information Metadata Part 2: Extensions for imagery an
49、d gridded data ISO 19123, Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO/TS 19138:2006 Geographic information Data quality measures 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 active sensing system sensing system that emits energy that the sensor uses to perform sensing 4.2 adjustable model parameters model parameters that can be refined using available additional information, such as ground control points, to improve or enhance
