1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Methods of test for reinforcement Part 4: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at ambie
2、nt temperatureThe European Standard EN 1007-4:2004 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060.30Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1007-4:2004BS EN 1007-4:2004This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee
3、on 6 September 2005 BSI 6 September 2005ISBN 0 580 46503 9Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using
4、 the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from
5、legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA
6、 list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis Briti
7、sh Standard is the official English language version of EN 1007-4:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 1007-4:1994 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand t
8、he text; present to the responsible international/European committee any EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1007-4May 2004ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 1007-4:1994English versionAdvanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methodsof test for reinforcement - Part 4: Determination
9、of tensileproperties of filaments at ambient temperatureCramiques techniques avances - Compositescramiques - Mthodes dessai pour renforts - Partie 4:Dtermination des proprits en traction du filament temprature ambianteHochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe -Verfahren zur Prfung der Fase
10、rverstrkungen - Teil 4:Bestimmung der Zugeigenschaften von Fasern beiRaumtemperaturThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 March 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a nati
11、onal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
12、other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, F
13、rance,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGMan
14、agement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1007-4:2004: EEN 1007-4:2004 (E)2ContentsForeword31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Principle44 Terms, definitions and symbols.
15、45 Apparatus .56 Test specimens 67 Test specimen preparation .68 Number of test specimens89 Test procedure .810 Calculation of results 911 Test report 12Bibliography 13EN 1007-4:2004 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 1007-4:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technicalcer
16、amics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby November 2004.Th
17、is document supersedes ENV 1007-4:1994.This document includes a Bibliography.EN 1007 Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcements has six parts :Part 1: Determination of size content;Part 2: Determination of linear density;Part 3: Determination of filament diamet
18、er and cross-section area;Part 4: Determination of tensile properties of filament at ambient temperature;Part 5: Determination of distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within amultifilament tow at ambient temperature;Part 6: Determination of tensile propertie
19、s of filament at high temperature.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ice
20、land, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN 1007-4:2004 (E)41 ScopeThis part of EN 1007 specifies the conditions for determination of tensile strength and elongation at fracture
21、 ofsingle filaments of ceramic fibre such as tensile strength, Youngs modulus and stress-strain curve. The methodapplies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strain to fractureless than or equal to 5 %.The method does not apply to checking the homo
22、geneity of strength properties of fibres, nor to assessing theeffects of volume under stress. Statistical aspects of filament failure are not included.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative reference
23、s are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the lates
24、t edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 1007-1, Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcement Part 1Determination of size content.EN 1007-3, Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcement - Par
25、t 3:Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area.ENV 13233:1998; Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Notations and symbols.EN ISO 7500-1; Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compressiontesting machines (ISO 7500-1:1999).
26、3 PrincipleA ceramic filament is loaded in tension. The test is performed at constant displacement rate up to failure. Force andcross-head displacement are measured and recorded simultaneously. When required, the longitudinal deformationis derived from the cross-head displacement using a compliance
27、correction.4 Terms, definitions and symbolsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms, definitions and symbols given in ENV 13233:1998 and thefollowing apply.4.1lengths4.1.1gauge length, L0initial distance between two reference points on the filament4.1.2test specimen length, Lfinitial di
28、stance between the gripped ends of the filament4.2initial cross section area A0initial cross section area of the filament within the gauge lengthEN 1007-4:2004 (E)54.3maximum tensile force, Fmhighest recorded tensile force on the test specimen when tested to failure4.4tensile stress, sstensile force
29、 supported by the test specimen divided by the initial cross section area4.5tensile strength, ssmratio of the maximum tensile force to the initial cross section area4.6longitudinal deformation, DD Lincrease of the gauge length during the tensile test4.7compliance4.7.1total compliance, Ctinverse of t
30、he slope in the linear part of the displacement curve4.7.2load train compliance, Clratio of the cross-head displacement excluding any test specimen contribution to the corresponding force duringthe tensile test4.8strain, eeratio of the longitudinal deformation to the gauge length4.9fracture strain,
31、eemstrain at failure of the test specimen4.10Youngs modulus, Eslope of the linear part of the tensile stress-strain curve4.11elementary unitsmallest commercially available unit of a given productNOTE For fibres this is usually a spool.5 Apparatus5.1 Test machineThe machine shall be equipped with a s
32、ystem for measuring the force applied to the test specimen which shallconform to grade 1 according to EN ISO 7500-1. Additionally, the machine shall be equipped with a system formeasuring the cross-head displacement with an accuracy better than 1 m.EN 1007-4:2004 (E)65.2 Load trainThe grips shall al
33、ign the test specimen with the direction of the force. Slippage of the filament in the grips shall beprevented.5.3 AdhesiveA suitable adhesive for fixing the filament ends to the grip, such as epoxy resin or sealing wax.5.4 Data recording systemCalibrated recorders may be used to record force-displa
34、cement curves.The use of a digital data recording system combined with an analogue recorder is recommended.6 Test specimensSpecimens with a gauge length of 25 mm shall be used to establish the force-displacement curves.Specimens with a gauge length of 10 mm and 40 mm shall be used to determine the l
35、oad train compliance Cl.The tolerance on the gauge length is 1 mm.7 Test specimen preparationExtreme care shall be taken during test specimen preparation to ensure that the procedure is repeatable from testspecimen to test specimen and to avoid handling damage.NOTE 1 The introduction of damage durin
36、g test specimen preparation can result in a truncation of the strength distribution,and is more critical the longer the length of the filament.NOTE 2 During test specimen preparation, and in particular when extracting a filament from the tow, the ratio of damagedfilaments to the total number of extr
37、acted filaments should be minimised.NOTE 3 To prevent damage during test specimen manipulation and mounting, an example of assembly of test specimen isshown in Figure 1. This test specimen preparation uses a mounting tab of thin paper, metal or plastic cut as shown in Figure 1,with a window. The len
38、gth of the window is equal to the gauge length of the filament test specimen. An adhesive, suitable foraffixing the filament to the ends of mounting tab, such as epoxy resins, cements or sealing wax is used for that purpose.NOTE 4 Another example of assembly can be used to prevent damage during test
39、 specimen manipulation and mounting, asshown in Figure 2.EN 1007-4:2004 (E)7Dimensions in millimetresL1L210 0,5 30 125 0,5 45 150 0,5 70 1Key1 Filament2GlueFigure 1 Assembly of test specimenKey1 Alumina tubes 4 Ceramic cement2 Temporary screw attachment 5 Alumina rod3 Test specimenFigure 2 Alternati
40、ve assembly of test specimenEN 1007-4:2004 (E)88 Number of test specimensPrepare at least 20 test specimens from each elementary unit, to enable 20 measurements to be made for eachresult reported.Removal of any size present makes it easier to prepare good specimens. To remove the size, use EN 1007-1
41、.For the determination of strain related properties, three additional tests at each gauge length of 10 mm and 40 mmare required in order to establish load-train compliance, CL.NOTE 1 If a statistical evaluation is required, the number of test specimens at a gauge length of 25 mm should be inaccordan
42、ce with ENV 843-5.NOTE 2 A compliance determination is not required if only strength needs to be determined.9 Test procedure9.1 Determination of the gauge lengthThe gauge length is measured to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.9.2 Determination of the initial cross section areaThe initial cross section area is
43、measured in accordance with EN 1007-3.NOTE 1 In principle, the initial cross section area is to be determined on the filament to be tested. In practice, this can beachieved by sampling the lengths to be tested from a single filament at intermittent locations and using the parts in between forcross s
44、ection measurement. This assumes that for the lengths of filament to be tested, the cross section does not varysignificantly with the length.NOTE 2 An alternative method consists of measuring the filament cross section after fracture from a transverse cross sectiontaken from the part of the grips st
45、ill containing embedded filament. In this case, care should be taken not to damage the filamentduring preparation.9.3 Testing techniquePerform the following steps in a sequential order.i) Zero the load cell.ii) Mount the specimen in the load train with its longitudinal axis coinciding with that of t
46、he test machine. Careshall be taken not to induce torsional loads or surface damage to the filament. Before applying the load, i.e.with the mounting unstrained, cut or burn through both sides of the mounting at mid-gauge. If burning isused, care shall be taken to avoid exposing the specimen to the f
47、lame. As the filament is very fragile, thetest specimen breaks occasionally during this step.iii) Make the measurements as follows:- Set the cross-head speed;- Record the force versus cross-head displacement curve up to failure.EN 1007-4:2004 (E)99.4 Test validityThe following circumstances invalida
48、te a test:failure to specify and record test conditions;any slippage in the load train as evidenced by a drop in the force/displacement curve, before reaching themaximum tensile force;fracture strain exceeding 5 %.Failure exactly at the mounting tabs invalidates only the determination of the strengt
49、h and strain to failure.10 Calculation of results10.1 Tensile strength10.1.1 Determine the maximum tensile force on the test specimen Fmfrom the maximum force value taken fromthe force versus displacement graph.10.1.2 Calculate the tensile strength from the following equation:sm= Fm / A0wheresmis the filament strength, in megapascals, (MPa);Fmis the maximum tensile force, in newtons (N);A0is the initial cross section area, in square millimetres, (mm2).10.2 Calculation of the load train compl
