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2、ethods of test for reinforcements Part 6: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at high temperatureThe European Standard EN 1007-6:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060.30Advanced technical ceramic Ceramic composites BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1007-6:2007BS EN 1007-6:2007Licensed
3、 Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 58296 7Amendments issued since publicationDate CommentsComplianc
4、e with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1007-6:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represent
5、ed on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1007-6November 2007ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN
6、V 1007-6:2002 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramic - Ceramic composites - Methods oftest for reinforcements - Part 6: Determination of tensileproperties of filaments at high temperatureCramiques techniques avances - Cramiquescomposites - Mthodes dessai pour renforts - Partie 6 :Dtermination des
7、 proprits en traction du filament haute tempratureHochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe -Verfahren zur Prfung der Faserverstrkungen - Teil 6:Bestimmung der Zugeigenschaften von Fasern bei hoherTemperaturThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2007.CEN members are bound
8、 to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN M
9、anagement Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as
10、 theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovaki
11、a, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for C
12、EN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1007-6:2007: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle6 5 Apparatus .7 5.1 Test machine7 5.2 Loa
13、d train7 5.3 Adhesive .7 5.4 Test chamber7 5.5 Set-up for heating 7 5.6 Temperature measurement.7 5.7 Data recording system 7 6 Hot end method8 6.1 General8 6.2 Test specimens8 6.3 Test specimen preparation.8 6.4 Number of test specimens9 6.5 Test procedure.9 6.6 Calculation of results 11 7 Cold end
14、 method14 7.1 General14 7.2 Method A.14 7.3 Method B.18 Annex A (informative) Principle of method A.24 Annex B (informative) Principle of method B.27 Bibliography 29 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This
15、document (EN 1007-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest b
16、y May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent r
17、ights. This document supersedes ENV 1007-6:2002. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ge
18、rmany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c
19、) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the conditions for measurement of tensile properties a of single filament of ceramic fibres at high temperatures in air or inert atmosphere (vacuum or controlled atmosphere). The method applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken f
20、rom tows, yarns, staple fibre, braids and knitting, that have strain to fracture less than or equal to 5 % and show linear elastic behaviour to fracture. The method does not apply to testing for homogeneity of strength properties of fibres, nor does it assess the effects of volume under stress. Stat
21、istical aspects of fibre failure are not included. Two methods are proposed depending on the temperature of the filament end: Hot end method: this method allows determination of tensile strength, of Youngs modulus and of the stress strain curve. NOTE 1 Current experience with this technique is limit
22、ed to 1 300 C, because of the application temperature of ceramic glue. Cold end method. NOTE 2 This method is limited to 1 700 C in air and 2 000 C in inert atmosphere because of the limits of furnaces. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application o
23、f this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1007-3, Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcement Part 3: Determination of filame
24、nt diameter and cross-section area EN 1007-4, Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcement Part 4: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at ambient temperature EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1
25、: Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) EN 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1
26、:1995) EN 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test temperature T temperature of the filament at the centre of the gauge length Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXC
27、HANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 5 3.2 Lengths 3.2.1 gauge length Loinitial distance between two reference points on the filament, where the temperature variation is within 20 C at test temperature 3.2.2 test specimen length Lfinitial distance bet
28、ween the gripped ends of the filament 3.2.3 uniformly heated length Lhlength of the heated zone at the test temperature, where the temperature variation is within 20 C (see Figure A.2) 3.2.4 gradient zone length Ldlength of each part of the test specimen where the temperature decreases from the temp
29、erature at the end of the uniformly heated length to room temperature (see Figure A.2) 3.2.5 room temperature zone length Lc length of each part of the test specimen where the temperature is equal to room temperature 3.3 initial cross-section area Aoinitial cross-section area of the filament within
30、the gauge length determined at room temperature 3.4 maximum tensile force Fm highest recorded tensile force on the test specimen when tested to failure 3.5 tensile stress tensile force supported by the test specimen divided by the initial cross-section area 3.6 tensile strength mratio of the maximum
31、 tensile force to the initial cross-section area 3.7 longitudinal deformation L increase of the gauge length during the tensile test 3.8 Compliance 3.8.1 total compliance Ctreciprocal of the slope in the linear part of the force/displacement curve Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARD
32、S, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 6 3.8.2 load train compliance Clratio of the force displacement excluding any test specimen contribution to the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.8.3 gradient zone compliance Cdratio of the test specimen elongation in the
33、temperature gradient zone length Ldto the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.8.4 cold zone compliance Ccratio of the test specimen elongation at room temperature Lc to the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.8.5 hot zone compliance Chratio of the test specimen elongation in the
34、uniformly heated length Lhto the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.9 strain ratio of the longitudinal deformation to the gauge length 3.10 fracture strain mstrain at failure of the test specimen 3.11 elastic modulus E slope of the linear part of the tensile stress-strain curve 4 Principl
35、e A ceramic filament is heated to the test temperature and loaded in tension. The test is performed at constant force/displacement rate up to failure. Force and cross-head displacement are measured and recorded simultaneously. When required, the elongation is derived from the cross-head displacement
36、 using a compliance correction. The test duration is limited to reduce time dependent effects. Subjecting the whole length of a fibre to temperatures well above 1 000 C makes it difficult to fix the ends of the specimen into appropriate temperature proof extensions. In high temperature cold end test
37、s this problem is avoided by keeping the junction at the ends of the test specimen at room temperature, allowing organic resins to be used as in the room temperature tests (EN 1007-4). Two methods can thus be used: one consists of heating the filament over its total length (hot end method); one cons
38、ists of heating only the central part of the filament (cold end method). Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 7 5 Apparatus 5.1 Test machine The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to
39、 the test specimen. The system shall conform to grade 1 in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1. The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force displacement. The accuracy of the measurement shall be better than 1 m. 5.2 Load train The grips shall align the specimen with the direction o
40、f the force. Slippage of the filament in the grips shall be prevented. The load train performance including the alignment system and the force transmitting system shall not change because of heating. 5.3 Adhesive Use a suitable adhesive for affixing the filament to the ends of the grip, such as epox
41、y resin, cement or sealing wax. 5.4 Test chamber 5.4.1 General When testing under inert conditions, a gastight chamber allows proper control of the test environment during the test. The installation shall be such that the variation of the load due to the variation of pressure is less than 1 % of the
42、 scale of the load cell being used. 5.4.2 Gas atmosphere The gas atmosphere shall be chosen depending on the material to be tested and on the test temperature. The level of pressure shall be chosen depending on the material to be tested, on the test temperature and on the type of gas. 5.4.3 Vacuum c
43、hamber The level of vacuum shall not induce chemical and/or physical instabilities of the filament material. 5.5 Set-up for heating The set-up for heating shall be constructed in such a way that the variation of temperature within the gauge length is less than 20 C at test temperature. 5.6 Temperatu
44、re measurement Thermocouples shall comply with EN 60584-1 and EN 60584-2. Alternatively, pyrometers or thermocouples which are not covered by EN 60584-1 and EN 60584-2, but which are appropriately calibrated, can be used. 5.7 Data recording system Calibrated recorders may be used to record force-dis
45、placement curves. The use of a digital data recording system combined with an analogue recorder is recommended. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 8 6 Hot end method 6.1 General In high temperature the test specimen s
46、train can be determined in simple analogy to the room temperature method assuming that the test specimen sees isothermal conditions along its whole length. According to this hypothesis, the gauge length L0is equal to the test specimen length Lf. 6.2 Test specimens Specimens with a gauge length of 25
47、 mm shall be used to establish the force-displacement curves. Specimens with a gauge length of 10 mm and 40 mm shall be used to determine the load train compliance Cl. The tolerance on the gauge length is 1 mm. 6.3 Test specimen preparation Extreme care shall be taken during test specimen preparatio
48、n to ensure that the procedure is repeatable from test specimen to test specimen and to avoid handling damage. NOTE As an example to prevent damage during test specimen manipulation and mounting, the assembly of test specimen and alumina tubes is maintained straight by an extra alumina rod, as shown
49、 in Figure 1. key 1 alumina tubes 2 temporary screw attachment 3 test specimen 4 high temperature joints between the test specimen and the alumina tubes 5 alumina rod Figure 1 Test specimen assembly Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 27/02/2008 07:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 9 6.4 Number of test specimens For each test condition, five valid test results at a gauge length of 25 mm, are required. For the determination of strain related properties, three additional tests at each gau
